Heart Nebula

Heart NebulaEmission nebula

H II region

Heart Nebula, with the Fish Head Nebula on the top right corner, narrowband image captured on a 70 mm scope

Observation data: J2000.0 epoch
Right ascension|  02h 33m 22s
Declination| +61° 26′ 36″
Distance| 7000 [1] ly (2100 pc)
Apparent magnitude (V)| 6.5
Apparent dimensions (V)| 150' x 150'
Constellation| Cassiopeia
Physical characteristics
Radius| 165 ly
Absolute magnitude (V)| -5.1
Designations| NGC 896, IC1805, Sh 2-190, Westerhout 4 (W4)
See also: Lists of nebulae

Template:Easy CSS image crop

The Heart Nebula (also known as the Running Dog Nebula, Sharpless 2-190) is an emission nebula, 7,500 light-years (2,300 pc) away from Earth and located in the Perseus Arm of the Galaxy in the constellation Cassiopeia. It was discovered by William Herschel on 3 November 1787.[2] In 1958, it was identified as a radio source by Gart Westerhout and is therefore also referred to as Westerhout 4 (or W4) [3]. It displays glowing ionized hydrogen gas and darker dust lanes.[4]

The brightest part of the nebula (a knot at its western edge) is separately classified as NGC 896, because it was the first part of the nebula to be discovered. The nebula's intense red output and its morphology are driven by the radiation emanating from a small group of hot stars near the nebula's center. This open cluster of stars, known as Collinder 26, Melotte 15, or IC 1805, contains a few bright stars nearly 50 times the mass of the Sun, and many more dim stars that are only a fraction of the Solar mass.[2]

The Heart Nebula is also made up of ionized oxygen and sulfur gasses, which are responsible for the rich blue and orange colors seen in narrowband images. The nebula also spans almost 2 degrees in the sky, covering an area four times that of the diameter of the full moon.[5]

The Heart Nebula belongs to a larger structure known as the W3/W4/W5 complex. It is also the brightest part of a superbubble known as the W4 superbubble [6], sometimes referred to as the W4 chimney, as it is believed that hot gas is transferred from the galactic disk to the halo through this structure. [7]

## Contents

* 1 Gallery
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Gallery

*   * Image composed of 7 hours of RGB data collected in Escanaba, Michigan, United States

*   * Capture on AT80ED on ASI294MC Pro with dualband filter in North Carolina

* Heart Nebula captured on an ASI2600mc-pro with a Triad Narrowband Filter

* Heart Nebula as a part of a chimney candidate

* Melotte 15 is part of Heart Nebula. There are several bright stars here, some of them nearly 50 times mass of the Sun.

* Captured from Manchester in September 2022

* 32 hours of Narrowband Exposure captured over 5 nights from Utica, Michigan, United States

* Heart nebula in HOO (hydrogen-oxygen-oxygen) where hydrogen is red and oxygen is blue, approximating true color

## See also

* Soul Nebula
* List of NGC objects (1–1000)

## References

1. ↑ Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 850 - 899" (in en-US). http://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc8a.htm#896.
3. ↑ Westerhout, Gert (1958). "A survey of the continuous radiation from the Galactic System at a frequency of 1390 Mc/s". Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands 14: 215.
4. ↑ "astronomy-mall.com/Adventures.In.Deep.Space/NGC 1-7840 complete.htm". http://www.astronomy-mall.com/Adventures.In.Deep.Space/NGC 1-7840 complete.htm.
5. ↑ "The Heart Nebula in Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur | Science Mission Directorate". https://science.nasa.gov/heart-nebula-hydrogen-oxygen-and-sulfur.
6. ↑ Basu, Shantanu; Johnstone, Doug; Martin, P. G. (1999-05-10). "Dynamical Evolution and Ionization Structure of an Expanding Superbubble: Application to W4" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 516 (2): 843–862. doi:10.1086/307125. ISSN 0004-637X. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/307125.
7. ↑ Lagrois, Dominic; Joncas, Gilles (2009-03-01). "ON THE DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF H II REGIONS: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IONIZED COMPONENT OF W4, A GALACTIC CHIMNEY CANDIDATE. II. KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS IN THE LATITUDE RANGE 3° < b ⩽ 7°". The Astrophysical Journal 693 (1): 186–206. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/1/186. ISSN 0004-637X. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/693/1/186.

## External links

* Heart Nebula Data download & Processing Guide
* Heart Nebula at Atlas of the Universe
* NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Heart Nebula (14 February 2009)

* v
* t
* e

Sharpless catalog

* Sh2-1
* Sh2-2
* Sh2-3
* Sh2-4
* Sh2-5
* Sh2-6
* Sh2-7
* Sh2-8
* Sh2-9
* Sh2-10
* Sh2-11
* Sh2-12
* Sh2-13
* Sh2-14
* Sh2-15
* Sh2-16
* Sh2-17
* Sh2-18
* Sh2-19
* Sh2-20
* Sh2-21
* Sh2-22
* Sh2-23
* Sh2-24
* Sh2-25
* Sh2-26
* Sh2-27
* Sh2-28
* Sh2-29
* Sh2-30
* Sh2-31
* Sh2-32
* Sh2-33
* Sh2-34
* Sh2-35
* Sh2-36
* Sh2-37
* Sh2-38
* Sh2-39
* Sh2-40
* Sh2-41
* Sh2-42
* Sh2-43
* Sh2-44
* Sh2-45
* Sh2-46
* Sh2-47
* Sh2-48
* Sh2-49
* Sh2-50
* Sh2-51
* Sh2-52
* Sh2-53
* Sh2-54
* Sh2-55
* Sh2-56
* Sh2-57
* Sh2-58
* Sh2-59
* Sh2-60
* Sh2-61
* Sh2-62
* Sh2-63
* Sh2-64
* Sh2-65
* Sh2-66
* Sh2-67
* Sh2-68
* Sh2-69
* Sh2-70
* Sh2-71
* Sh2-72
* Sh2-73
* Sh2-74
* Sh2-75
* Sh2-76
* Sh2-77
* Sh2-78
* Sh2-79
* Sh2-80
* Sh2-81
* Sh2-82
* Sh2-83
* Sh2-84
* Sh2-85
* Sh2-86
* Sh2-87
* Sh2-88
* Sh2-89
* Sh2-90
* Sh2-91
* Sh2-92
* Sh2-93
* Sh2-94
* Sh2-95
* Sh2-96
* Sh2-97
* Sh2-98
* Sh2-99
* Sh2-100
* Sh2-101
* Sh2-102
* Sh2-103
* Sh2-104
* Sh2-105
* Sh2-106
* Sh2-107
* Sh2-108
* Sh2-109
* Sh2-110
* Sh2-111
* Sh2-112
* Sh2-113
* Sh2-114
* Sh2-115
* Sh2-116
* Sh2-117
* Sh2-118
* Sh2-119
* Sh2-120
* Sh2-121
* Sh2-122
* Sh2-123
* Sh2-124
* Sh2-125
* Sh2-126
* Sh2-127
* Sh2-128
* Sh2-129
* Sh2-130
* Sh2-131
* Sh2-132
* Sh2-133
* Sh2-134
* Sh2-135
* Sh2-136
* Sh2-137
* Sh2-138
* Sh2-139
* Sh2-140
* Sh2-141
* Sh2-142
* Sh2-143
* Sh2-144
* Sh2-145
* Sh2-146
* Sh2-147
* Sh2-148
* Sh2-149
* Sh2-150
* Sh2-151
* Sh2-152
* Sh2-153
* Sh2-154
* Sh2-155
* Sh2-156
* Sh2-157
* Sh2-158
* Sh2-159
* Sh2-160
* Sh2-161
* Sh2-162
* Sh2-163
* Sh2-164
* Sh2-165
* Sh2-166
* Sh2-167
* Sh2-168
* Sh2-169
* Sh2-170
* Sh2-171
* Sh2-172
* Sh2-173
* Sh2-174
* Sh2-175
* Sh2-176
* Sh2-177
* Sh2-178
* Sh2-179
* Sh2-180
* Sh2-181
* Sh2-182
* Sh2-183
* Sh2-184
* Sh2-185
* Sh2-186
* Sh2-187
* Sh2-188
* Sh2-189
* Sh2-190
* Sh2-191
* Sh2-192
* Sh2-193
* Sh2-194
* Sh2-195
* Sh2-196
* Sh2-197
* Sh2-198
* Sh2-199
* Sh2-201
* Sh2-202
* Sh2-203
* Sh2-204
* Sh2-205
* Sh2-206
* Sh2-207
* Sh2-208
* Sh2-209
* Sh2-210
* Sh2-211
* Sh2-212
* Sh2-213
* Sh2-214
* Sh2-215
* Sh2-216
* Sh2-217
* Sh2-218
* Sh2-219
* Sh2-220
* Sh2-221
* Sh2-222
* Sh2-223
* Sh2-224
* Sh2-225
* Sh2-226
* Sh2-227
* Sh2-228
* Sh2-229
* Sh2-230
* Sh2-231
* Sh2-232
* Sh2-233
* Sh2-234
* Sh2-235
* Sh2-236
* Sh2-237
* Sh2-238
* Sh2-239
* Sh2-240
* Sh2-241
* Sh2-242
* Sh2-243
* Sh2-244
* Sh2-245
* Sh2-246
* Sh2-247
* Sh2-248
* Sh2-249
* Sh2-250
* Sh2-251
* Sh2-252
* Sh2-253
* Sh2-254
* Sh2-255
* Sh2-256
* Sh2-257
* Sh2-258
* Sh2-259
* Sh2-260
* Sh2-261
* Sh2-262
* Sh2-263
* Sh2-264
* Sh2-265
* Sh2-266
* Sh2-267
* Sh2-268
* Sh2-269
* Sh2-270
* Sh2-271
* Sh2-272
* Sh2-273
* Sh2-274
* Sh2-275
* Sh2-276
* Sh2-277
* Sh2-278
* Sh2-279
* Sh2-280
* Sh2-281
* Sh2-282
* Sh2-283
* Sh2-284
* Sh2-285
* Sh2-286
* Sh2-287
* Sh2-288
* Sh2-289
* Sh2-290
* Sh2-291
* Sh2-292
* Sh2-293
* Sh2-294
* Sh2-295
* Sh2-296
* Sh2-297
* Sh2-298
* Sh2-299
* Sh2-301
* Sh2-302
* Sh2-303
* Sh2-304
* Sh2-305
* Sh2-306
* Sh2-307
* Sh2-308
* Sh2-309
* Sh2-310
* Sh2-311
* Sh2-312
* Sh2-313

* See also: Gum catalog
* Nebula
* RCW Catalogue
* Stewart Sharpless

* v
* t
* e

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* 900
* 901
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* 925
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* 987
* 988
* 989
* 990
* 991
* 992
* 993
* 994
* 995
* 996
* 997
* 998
* 999

* Astronomical catalog
* List of NGC objects

* v
* t
* e

Astronomical catalogs

NGC|

* Astronomy:NGC 891
* Astronomy:NGC 892
* Astronomy:NGC 893
* Astronomy:NGC 894
* Astronomy:NGC 895
* NGC 896
* Astronomy:NGC 897
* Astronomy:NGC 898
* Astronomy:NGC 899
* Astronomy:NGC 900
* Astronomy:NGC 901

IC|

* Astronomy:IC 1799
* Astronomy:IC 1800
* Astronomy:IC 1801
* Astronomy:IC 1802
* Astronomy:IC 1803
* Astronomy:IC 1804
* IC 1805
* Astronomy:IC 1806
* Astronomy:IC 1807
* Astronomy:IC 1808
* Astronomy:IC 1809
* Astronomy:IC 1810
* Astronomy:IC 1811

* v
* t
* e

Cassiopeia constellation

Stars
(list)|

| Bayer|

* α (Schedar)
* β (Caph)
* γ
* δ (Ruchbah)
* ε (Segin)
* ζ (Fulu)
* η (Achird)
* θ
* ι
* κ
* λ
* μ
* ν
* ξ
* ο
* π
* ρ
* σ
* τ
* υ1
* υ2 (Castula)
* φ
* χ
* ψ
* ω

|

Flamsteed|

* 1
* 2
* 4
* 6
* 9
* 10
* 12
* 13
* 16
* 23
* 31
* 32
* 35
* 38
* 40
* 42
* 43
* 44
* 47
* 48 (A)
* 49
* 50
* 51
* 52
* 53
* 54
* 55

Variable|

* R
* S
* T
* V
* RW
* RX
* RZ
* SU
* SX
* SZ
* TU
* TV
* TW
* TX
* TY
* TZ
* UU
* UV
* VX
* WW
* WZ
* XX
* XY
* YZ (21)
* ZZ
* AB
* AO
* AQ
* AR
* AZ
* BH
* BM
* BS
* BY
* CC
* CE
* CF
* CG
* CH
* CW
* DL
* DN
* DO
* HT
* IR
* IT
* IV
* IX
* OX
* PV
* PZ
* QQ
* QX
* V364
* V368
* V373
* V376
* V381
* V425
* V436
* V459
* V465
* V482
* V487
* V509
* V523
* V526
* V540
* V547
* V551
* V559
* V567
* V592
* V623
* V627
* V636
* V638
* V639
* V640
* V641
* V649
* V650
* V664
* V705
* V709
* V723
* V742
* V745
* V746
* V761
* V762
* V773
* V801
* V805
* V812
* V819
* V987
* V988
* V1022

HR|

* 60
* 62
* 96
* 112
* 113
* 124
* 129
* 135
* 144
* 146
* 164
* 177
* 181
* 196
* 200
* 207
* 212
* 233
* 237
* 241
* 244
* 250
* 256
* 260
* 261
* 266
* 273
* 278
* 287
* 292
* 297
* 298
* 316
* 318
* 326
* 342
* 375
* 381
* 391
* 398
* 428
* 439
* 461
* 482
* 488
* 502
* 561
* 567
* 579
* 626
* 743
* 747
* 791
* 839
* 860
* 861
* 922
* 932
* 1080
* 8761
* 8778
* 8803
* 8832
* 8853
* 8881
* 8886
* 8894
* 8981
* 8985
* 8990
* 9000
* 9010
* 9019
* 9020
* 9028
* 9063
* 9079
* 9083
* 9085
* 9094

HD|

* 108
* 371
* 1142
* 1601
* 5459
* 5927
* 7924
* 9811
* 15558
* 15570
* 15629
* 17156
* 17505
* 17520
* 19439
* 219415
* 222748
* 240210
* 240429
* 240430

Other|

* BD+60°2522
* 1E 2259+586
* Gliese 49
* Gliese 82
* Gliese 83.3
* IGR J00234+6141
* IGR J00291+5934
* IRAS 00338+6312
* IRAS 23304+6147
* LkHα 198
* LS I +61 303
* MWC 419
* MWC 1080
* OH 127.8+0.0
* PSR B2319+60
* PSR B2334+61
* PSR J0205+6449
* RNO 1B
* RX J0146.9+6121
* 2S 0114+650
* Tycho G
* 4U 0115+634
* 4U 0142+61
* W3 IRS 5
* WR 1
* WR 2
* WR 3

Star clusters|

| Open|

* Messier 52
* Messier 103
* NGC 103
* NGC 110
* NGC 129
* NGC 133
* NGC 136
* NGC 146
* NGC 189
* NGC 225
* NGC 358
* NGC 366
* NGC 381
* NGC 433
* NGC 436
* NGC 457
* NGC 559
* NGC 609
* NGC 637
* NGC 654
* NGC 657
* NGC 659
* NGC 663
* NGC 743
* NGC 886
* NGC 1027
* NGC 7788
* NGC 7789
* NGC 7790
* Stock 2
* Trumpler 3

|

Molecular clouds|

* AFGL 437
* IRAS 00338+6312
* Westerhout 3

Nebulae|

| H II|

* Heart Nebula
* NGC 281
* NGC 7635
* Sh 2-152
* S 201
* W3A
* W3(OH)
* Westerhout 5

|

Planetary|

* IC 289
* IC 1747
* IC 1805
* WeBo 1

SNR|

* Cassiopeia A
* CTB 1
* CTB 109
* HB 3
* Hubble 12

Pulsar wind|

* 3C 58

Galaxies|

| NGC|

* 147
* 185
* 278
* 1343

|

Other|

* Andromeda VII
* 3C 20
* 3C 22
* 3C 33.1
* 3C 35
* DW 0224+67
* Dwingeloo 1
* 1ES 2344+514
* IC 10
* IERS B2352+495
* Maffei 1
* Maffei 2
* QSO B0153+744

Other|

* GRB 041219A
* SN 1181
* SN 1572

Coordinates:  02h 33m 00s, +61° 27′ 00″

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart Nebula. Read more

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