Hipparchus (Martian crater)

Short description: Crater on Mars

Hipparchus Crater

Location of Hipparchus Crater

Planet| Mars
Region| Phaethontis quadrangle
Coordinates|  [ ⚑ ] : 44°48′S 151°24′W﻿ / ﻿44.8°S 151.4°W﻿ / -44.8; -151.4
Diameter| 93 km

Hipparchus is an impact crater in the Phaethontis quadrangle of Mars, located at 44.8° S latitude and 151.4° W longitude. It is 93 kilometers (58 miles) in diameter. It was named after the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus in 1973.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Channels
* 2 Gallery
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Channels

There is abundant evidence that water once flowed in river valleys on Mars.[2][3] Images of curved channels have been seen in images from Mars spacecraft dating back to the early seventies with the Mariner 9 orbiter.[4][5][6][7] Indeed, a study published in June 2017, calculated that the volume of water needed to carve all the channels on Mars was even larger than the proposed ocean that the planet may have had. Water was probably recycled many times from the ocean to rainfall around Mars.[8][9] Some of the pictures on this page show channels in Hipparchus Crater.

## Gallery

* East side of Hipparchus, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)

* Small channels in Hipparchus, as seen by CTX camera on MRO (enlargement of the previous image)

* Wide view of channels on rim of Hipparchus, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program

* Close view of channels on rim of Hipparchus, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program

* Close view of channels on rim of Hipparchus, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program

## See also

* List of craters on Mars

## References

1. ↑ "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature | Hipparchus". International Astronomical Union. http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2517.
2. ↑ Baker, V., et al. 2015. Fluvial geomorphology on Earth-like planetary surfaces: a review. Geomorphology. 245, 149–182.
3. ↑ Carr, M. 1996. in Water on Mars. Oxford Univ. Press.
4. ↑ Baker, V. 1982. The Channels of Mars. Univ. of Tex. Press, Austin, TX
5. ↑ Baker, V., R. Strom, R., V. Gulick, J. Kargel, G. Komatsu, V. Kale. 1991. Ancient oceans, ice sheets and the hydrological cycle on Mars. Nature 352, 589–594.
6. ↑ Carr, M. 1979. Formation of Martian flood features by release of water from confined aquifers. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 2995–300.
7. ↑ Komar, P. 1979. Comparisons of the hydraulics of water flows in Martian outflow channels with flows of similar scale on Earth. Icarus 37, 156–181.
8. ↑ "How Much Water Was Needed to Carve Valleys on Mars? - SpaceRef". http://spaceref.com/mars/how-much-water-was-needed-to-carve-valleys-on-mars.html.
9. ↑ Luo, W., et al. 2017. New Martian valley network volume estimate consistent with ancient ocean and warm and wet climate. Nature Communications 8. Article number: 15766 (2017). doi:10.1038/ncomms15766

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* t
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Geography and geology of Mars

Cartography

| Regions|

* Abalos Undae
* Aspledon Undae
* Arabia Terra
* Cerberus
* Cydonia
* Eridania Lake
* Hyperboreae Undae
* Ogygis Undae
* Olympia Undae
* Planum Australe
* Planum Boreum
* Quadrangles
* Sinus Meridiani
* Siton Undae
* Tempe Terra
* Terra Cimmeria
* Terra Sabaea
* Tharsis
* Vastitas Borealis

|

Quadrangles|

* Aeolis
* Amazonis
* Amenthes
* Arabia
* Arcadia
* Argyre
* Casius
* Cebrenia
* Coprates
* Diacria
* Elysium
* Eridania
* Hellas
* Iapygia
* Ismenius Lacus
* Lunae Palus
* Mare Acidalium
* Mare Australe (South Pole)
* Mare Boreum (North Pole)
* Mare Tyrrhenum
* Margaritifer Sinus
* Memnonia
* Noachis
* Oxia Palus
* Phaethontis
* Phoenicis Lacus
* Sinus Sabaeus
* Syrtis Major
* Tharsis
* Thaumasia

Geology

| Surface features|

* Brain terrain
* Carbonates
* Chaos terrain
* Color
* Composition
* Concentric crater fill
* Dark slope streak
* Dichotomy
* Dune fields
* Hagal
* Nili Patera
* Fretted terrain
* Geysers
* Glaciers
* Groundwater
* Gullies
* Inverted relief
* Lakes
* Lava tubes
* Lineated valley fill (LVF)
* Lobate debris apron
* North Polar Basin
* Ocean hypothesis
* Ore resources
* Outflow channels
* Polar caps
* Ring mold craters
* Rootless cones
* Scalloped topography
* Seasonal flows
* Soil
* Spherules
* Surface
* Swiss cheese features
* Terrain softening
* Tholus
* Upper plains unit
* Valley networks
* Water
* Yardangs

|

History|

* Amazonian
* Hesperian
* Noachian
* Volcanology
* Observation history
* Canals (list)
* Classical albedo features

Rocks observed|

* Curiosity rover
* Bathurst Inlet
* Coronation
* Goulburn
* Hottah
* Jake Matijevic
* Link
* Rocknest
* Rocknest 3
* Tintina
* Opportunity rover
* Bounce
* El Capitan
* Last Chance
* Sojourner rover
* Barnacle Bill
* Yogi
* Spirit rover
* Adirondack
* Home Plate
* Mimi
* Pot of Gold
* Viking
* Big Joe
* Other
* Face
* Monolith

* Meteorites found on Mars
* Block Island
* Heat Shield
* Mackinac Island
* Meridiani Planum
* Oileán Ruaidh
* Shelter Island

* Martian meteorites found on Earth
* Balsaltic Breccia
* Chassignites
* Nakhlites
* Shergottites
* Other
* List

Topography

| Mountains and
volcanoes

(list by height)

* Acidalia Colles
* Alba Mons
* Anseris Mons
* Apollinaris Mons
* Ariadnes Colles
* Astapus Colles
* Ausonia Montes
* Avernus Colles
* Biblis Tholus
* Centauri Montes
* Charitum Montes
* Echus Montes
* Elysium
* Elysium Mons
* Albor Tholus
* Hecates Tholus
* Erebus Montes
* Galaxius Mons
* Hadriacus Mons
* Hellas Montes
* Jovis Tholus
* Libya Montes
* Mount Sharp
* Nereidum Montes
* Olympus Mons
* Phlegra Montes
* Syrtis Major Planum
* Tartarus Colles
* Tartarus Montes
* Tharsis Montes
* Ascraeus
* Pavonis
* Arsia
* Tharsis Tholus
* Tyrrhenus Mons
* Ulysses Tholus
* Uranius group
* Uranius Mons
* Ceraunius Tholus
* Uranius Tholus

|

Plains and
plateaus|

* Acidalia Planitia
* Aeolis Palus
* Amazonis Planitia
* Arcadia Planitia
* Argyre Planitia
* Chryse Planitia
* Daedalia Planum
* Elysium Planitia
* Eridania Planitia
* Hellas Planitia
* Hesperia Planum
* Icaria Planum
* Isidis Planitia
* Lunae Planum
* Meridiani Planum
* Oxia Planum
* Planum Australe
* Planum Boreum
* Syria Planum
* Syrtis Major Planum
* Utopia Planitia
* Eden Patera
* Orcus Patera
* Peneus Patera
* Pityusa Patera

Canyons and
valleys|

* Aram Chaos
* Arsia Chasmata
* Aromatum Chaos
* Atlantis Chaos
* Aureum Chaos
* Candor Chasma
* Chasma Boreale
* Coprates Chasma
* Echus Chasma
* Eos Chaos
* Eos Chasma
* Galaxias Chaos
* Ganges Chasma
* Gorgonum Chaos
* Hebes Chasma
* Hydaspis Chaos
* Hydraotes Chaos
* Iani Chaos
* Ister Chaos
* Ius Chasma
* Juventae Chasma
* Melas Chasma
* Ophir Chasma
* Tithonium Chasma

* List of valles
* Apsus
* Ares
* Arnus
* Asopus
* Athabasca
* Auqakuh
* Bahram
* Buvinda
* Dao
* Enipeus
* Frento
* Granicus
* Green Valley
* Harmakhis
* Hebrus
* Her Desher
* Hrad
* Huo Hsing
* Hypanis
* Iberus
* Indus
* Ituxi
* Kasei
* Labou
* Ladon
* Lethe
* Licus
* Louros
* Ma'adam
* Mad
* Maja
* Mamers
* Mangala
* Marineris
* Labes
* Marte
* Maumee
* Mawrth
* Minio
* Naktong
* Nanedi
* Niger
* Nirgal
* Padus
* Paraná
* Patapsco
* Peace
* Rahway
* Ravi
* Reull
* Sabis
* Sabrina
* Samara
* Scamander
* Shalbatana
* Simud
* Stura
* Tader
* Tinia
* Tinjar
* Tiu
* Tyras
* Uzboi
* ULM
* Vedra
* Verde
* Warrego

Fossae, mensae
rupes and labyrinthi|

* Amenthes Fossae
* Ceraunius Fossae
* Cerberus Fossae
* Coloe Fossae
* Cyane Fossae
* Elysium Fossae
* Hephaestus Fossae
* Icaria Fossae
* Labeatis Fossae
* Mangala Fossa
* Mareotis Fossae
* Medusae Fossae
* Memnonia Fossae
* Nili Fossae
* Olympica Fossae
* Oti Fossae
* Sirenum Fossae
* Tantalus Fossae
* Tempe Fossae
* Tithonium Fossae
* Tractus Fossae
* Ulysses Fossae
* Aeolis Mensae
* Ausonia Mensa
* Capri Mensa
* Cydonia Mensae
* Deuteronilus Mensae
* Ganges Mensa
* Nilosyrtis Mensae
* Protonilus Mensae
* Sacra Mensa
* Claritas Rupes
* Olympus Rupes
* Rupes Tenuis
* Angustus Labyrinthus
* Noctis Labyrinthus

Catenae and
craters|

* Artynia Catena
* Tithoniae Catenae
* Tractus Catena
* Adams
* Agassiz
* Airy
* Airy-0
* Aniak
* Antoniadi
* Arandas
* Argo
* Arkhangelsky
* Arrhenius
* Asimov
* Bacolor
* Bakhuysen
* Baldet
* Baltisk
* Bamberg
* Barabashov
* Barnard
* Beagle
* Becquerel
* Beer
* Belz
* Bernard
* Bianchini
* Boeddicker
* Bok
* Bond
* Bonestell
* Bonneville
* Brashear
* Briault
* Burroughs
* Burton
* Campbell
* Canso
* Cassini
* Caxias
* Cerulli
* Chafe
* Chapais
* Chincoteague
* Chryse Alien
* Clark
* Coblentz
* Columbus
* Copernicus
* Corby
* Crewe
* Crivitz
* Crommelin
* Cruls
* Curie
* Da Vinci
* Danielson
* Darwin
* Davies
* Dawes
* Dejnev
* Denning
* Dilly
* Dinorwic
* Douglass
* Dromore
* Du Martheray
* Eagle
* Eberswalde
* Eddie
* Ejriksson
* Emma Dean
* Endeavour
* Matijevic Hill
* Endurance
* Erebus
* Escalante
* Eudoxus
* Fenagh
* Fesenkov
* Firsoff
* Flammarion
* Flaugergues
* Focas
* Fontana
* Fournier
* Fram
* Galdakao
* Gale
* Galle
* Garni
* Gasa
* Gilbert
* Gill
* Gledhill
* Gold
* Graff
* Green
* Grindavik
* Gusev
* Apollo 1 Hills
* Chaffee
* Grissom
* White
* Columbia Hills
* Husband
* McCool
* Sleepy Hollow
* Hadley
* Haldane
* Hale
* Halley
* Hartwig
* Heaviside
* Heimdal
* Heinlein
* Helmholtz
* Henry
* Herschel
* Hipparchus
* Holden
* Holmes
* Hooke
* Huggins
* Hussey
* Hutton
* Huxley
* Huygens
* Iazu
* Ibragimov
* Inuvik
* Janssen
* Jarry-Desloges
* Jeans
* Jezero
* Jezža
* Joly
* Jones
* Kaiser
* Keeler
* Kepler
* Kinkora
* Kipini
* Knobel
* Koga
* Korolev
* Kufra
* Kuiper
* Kunowsky
* Lambert
* Lamont
* Lampland
* Lassell
* Lau
* Le Verrier
* Li Fan
* Liais
* Lipik
* Liu Hsin
* Llanesco
* Lockyer
* Lod
* Lohse
* Lomonosov
* Lowell
* Lyell
* Lyot
* Mädler
* Magelhaens
* Maggini
* Main
* Mandora
* Maraldi
* Mariner
* Marth
* Martz
* Masursky
* Maunder
* McLaughlin
* McMurdo
* Mellish
* Mendel
* Mie
* Milankovic
* Millochau
* Mitchel
* Miyamoto
* Mohawk
* Mojave
* Molesworth
* Montevallo
* Moreux
* Müller
* Nansen
* Nereus
* Newton
* Nhill
* Nicholson
* Niesten
* Nipigon
* Onon
* Orson Welles
* Oudemans
* Palana
* Pangboche
* Pasteur
* Penticton
* Perepelkin
* Peridier
* Persbo
* Pettit
* Phillips
* Pickering
* Playfair
* Pollack
* Poona
* Porter
* Porth
* Priestley
* Proctor
* Ptolemaeus
* Puńsk
* Quenisset
* Rabe
* Radau
* Rahe
* Rayleigh
* Redi
* Renaudot
* Reuyl
* Reynolds
* Richardson
* Ritchey
* Robert Sharp
* Roddenberry
* Ross
* Rossby
* Rudaux
* Russell
* Rutherford
* Sagan
* Saheki
* Santa Maria
* Schaeberle
* Schiaparelli
* Schmidt
* Secchi
* Semeykin
* Sharonov
* Sibu
* Sinton
* Sitka
* Sklodowska
* Slipher
* Smith
* South
* Spallanzani
* Srīpur
* Steno
* Stokes
* Stoney
* Suess
* Suzhi
* Tarsus
* Taytay
* Teisserenc de Bort
* Terby
* Thila
* Thira
* Tikhonravov
* Tikhov
* Timbuktu
* Tombaugh
* Tooting
* Trouvelot
* Troy
* Trud
* Trumpler
* Tugaske
* Tycho Brahe
* Tyndall
* Udzha
* Vernal
* Very
* Victoria
* Cape Verde
* Vinogradov
* Vinogradsky
* Virrat
* Vishniac
* Vogel
* Von Kármán
* Wallace
* Wegener
* Weinbaum
* Wells
* Williams
* Winslow
* Wirtz
* Wislicenus
* Wright
* Yuty
* Zumba
* Zunil

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparchus (Martian crater). Read more

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