IAU designated constellations

Short description: Constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union

IAU designated constellations in equirectangular projection (epoch B1875.0)

In contemporary astronomy, 88 constellations are recognized by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).[1] Each constellation is a region of the sky, bordered by arcs of right ascension and declination. Together they cover the celestial sphere, with their boundaries adopted officially by the International Astronomical Union in 1928 and published in 1930.[2]

The ancient Mesopotamians and later the Greeks established most of the northern constellations in international use today, listed by the Roman-Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy. The constellations along the ecliptic are called the zodiac. When explorers mapped the stars of the southern skies, European astronomers proposed new constellations for that region, as well as ones to fill gaps between the traditional constellations. Due to Roman and European transmission each constellation has a Latin name. In 1922, the International Astronomical Union adopted three-letter abbreviations for 89 constellations, the modern list of 88 plus Argo. After this, Eugène Joseph Delporte drew up boundaries for each of the 88 constellations so that every point in the sky belonged to one constellation.[1][2]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Modern constellations
* 2.1 Abbreviations
* 2.2 List
* 3 Asterisms
* 4 See also
* 5 Notes
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## History

Some constellations are no longer recognized by the IAU, but may appear in older star charts and other references. Most notable is Argo Navis, which was one of Ptolemy's original 48 constellations. In the 1750s the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille divided this into three separate constellations: Carina, Puppis, and Vela.

## Modern constellations

The 88 constellations depict 42 animals, 29 inanimate objects and 17 humans or mythological characters.

### Abbreviations

Each IAU constellation has an official 3-letter abbreviation based on the genitive form of the constellation name. As the genitive is similar to the base name, the majority of the abbreviations are just the first three letters of the constellation name: Ori for Orion/Orionis, Ara for Ara/Arae, Com for Coma Berenices/Comae Berenices. In some cases, the abbreviation contains letters from the genitive not appearing in the base name (as in Hyi for Hydrus/Hydri, to avoid confusion with Hydra, abbreviated Hya; and Sge for Sagitta/Sagittae, to avoid confusion with Sagittarius, abbreviated Sgr). Some abbreviations use letters beyond the initial three to unambiguously identify the constellation (for example when the name and its genitive differ in the first three letters): Aps for Apus/Apodis, CrA for Corona Australis, CrB for Corona Borealis, Crv for Corvus. (Crater is abbreviated Crt to prevent confusion with CrA.) When letters are taken from the second word of a two-word name, the first letter from the second word is capitalised: CMa for Canis Major, CMi for Canis Minor. Two cases are ambiguous: Leo for the constellation Leo could be mistaken for Leo Minor (abbreviated LMi), and Tri for Triangulum could be mistaken for Triangulum Australe (abbreviated TrA).[3]

In addition to the three-letter abbreviations used today, the IAU also introduced four-letter abbreviations in 1932. The four-letter abbreviations were repealed in 1955 and are now obsolete, but were included in the NASA Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use (NASA SP-7) published in 1965.[4] These are labeled "NASA" in the table below and are included here for reference only.

### List

For help with the literary English pronunciations, see the pronunciation key. There is considerable diversity in how Latinate names are pronounced in English. For traditions closer to the original, see Latin spelling and pronunciation.

Constellation  | Abbreviations  | Genitive | Origin | Meaning | Brightest star

|
|
|
|
|

IAU[5] | NASA[6]
Andromeda
/ænˈdrɒmɪdə/[7] | And | Andr | Andromedae
/ænˈdrɒmɪdiː/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | Andromeda (The chained maiden or princess) | Alpheratz
Antlia
/ˈæntliə/[7] | Ant | Antl | Antliae
/ˈæntliiː/ | 1763, Lacaille | air pump | α Antliae
Apus
/ˈeɪpəs/[8] | Aps | Apus | Apodis
/ˈæpoʊdɪs/[8] | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | Bird-of-paradise/Exotic Bird/Extraordinary Bird | α Apodis
Aquarius
/əˈkwɛəriəs/[7] | Aqr | Aqar | Aquarii
/əˈkwɛəriaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | water-bearer | Sadalsuud
Aquila
/ˈækwɪlə/[7] | Aql | Aqil | Aquilae
/ˈækwɪliː/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | eagle | Altair
Ara
/ˈɛərə/[8] | Ara | Arae | Arae
/ˈɛəriː/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | altar | β Arae
Aries
/ˈɛər(i)iːz/[7][8] | Ari | Arie | Arietis
/əˈraɪ.ɪtɪs/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | ram | Hamal
Auriga
/ɔːˈraɪɡə/[7][8] | Aur | Auri | Aurigae
/ɔːˈraɪdʒiː/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | charioteer | Capella
Boötes
/boʊˈoʊtiːz/[7] | Boo | Boot | Boötis
/boʊˈoʊtɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | herdsman | Arcturus
Caelum
/ˈsiːləm/[8] | Cae | Cael | Caeli
/ˈsiːlaɪ/[8] | 1763, Lacaille | chisel or engraving tool | α Caeli
Camelopardalis
/kəˌmɛloʊˈpɑːrdəlɪs/[8] | Cam | Caml | Camelopardalis
/kəˌmɛloʊˈpɑːrdəlɪs/[8] | 1613, Plancius[note 1] | giraffe | β Camelopardalis
Cancer
/ˈkænsər/[7] | Cnc | Canc | Cancri
/ˈkæŋkraɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | crab | Tarf[9]
Canes Venatici
/ˈkeɪniːz vɪˈnætɪsaɪ/[8] | CVn | CVen | Canum Venaticorum
/ˈkeɪnəm vɪnætɪˈkɒrəm/ | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | hunting dogs | Cor Caroli
Canis Major
/ˈkeɪnɪs ˈmeɪdʒər/[8] | CMa | CMaj | Canis Majoris
/ˈkeɪnɪs məˈdʒɒrɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | greater dog | Sirius
Canis Minor
/ˈkeɪnɪs ˈmaɪnər/[8] | CMi | CMin | Canis Minoris
/ˈkeɪnɪs mɪˈnɒrɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | lesser dog | Procyon
Capricornus
/ˌkæprɪˈkɔːrnəs/[8] | Cap | Capr | Capricorni
/ˌkæprɪˈkɔːrnaɪ/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | sea goat | Deneb Algedi
Carina
/kəˈraɪnə/[7] | Car | Cari | Carinae
/kəˈraɪniː/ | 1763, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis | keel | Canopus
Cassiopeia
/ˌkæsioʊˈpiːə/[7][8] | Cas | Cass | Cassiopeiae
/ˌkæsioʊˈpiːiː/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | Cassiopeia (mythological character) | Schedar[9]
Centaurus
/sɛnˈtɔːrəs/[7] | Cen | Cent | Centauri
/sɛnˈtɔːraɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | centaur | Rigil Kentaurus[9]
Cepheus
/ˈsiːfiəs/[8] | Cep | Ceph | Cephei
/ˈsiːfiaɪ/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | Cepheus (mythological character) | Alderamin
Cetus
/ˈsiːtəs/[8] | Cet | Ceti | Ceti
/ˈsiːtaɪ/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | sea monster (later interpreted as a whale) | Diphda[9]
Chamaeleon
/kəˈmiːliən/[7] | Cha | Cham | Chamaeleontis
/kəˌmiːliˈɒntɪs/ | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | chameleon | α Chamaeleontis
Circinus
/ˈsɜːrsɪnəs/[7] | Cir | Circ | Circini
/ˈsɜːrsɪnaɪ/ | 1763, Lacaille | compasses | α Circini
Columba
/koʊˈlʌmbə/[7] | Col | Colm | Columbae
/koʊˈlʌmbiː/ | 1592, Plancius, split from Canis Major | dove | Phact
Coma Berenices
/ˈkoʊmə bɛrəˈnaɪsiːz/[8] | Com | Coma | Comae Berenices
/ˈkoʊmiː bɛrəˈnaɪsiːz/[8] | 1536, Caspar Vopel,[10] split from Leo | Berenice's hair | β Comae Berenices
Corona Australis
/koʊˈroʊnə ɔːˈstrælɪs, -ˈstreɪ-/[7][8] | CrA | CorA | Coronae Australis
/koʊˈroʊniː ɔːˈstrælɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | southern crown | Meridiana[9]
Corona Borealis
/koʊˈroʊnə ˌbɔːriˈælɪs, -ˈeɪlɪs/[7][8] | CrB | CorB | Coronae Borealis
/koʊˈroʊniː bɔːriˈælɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | northern crown | Alphecca
Corvus
/ˈkɔːrvəs/[7] | Crv | Corv | Corvi
/ˈkɔːrvaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | crow | Gienah
Crater
/ˈkreɪtər/[7] | Crt | Crat | Crateris
/krəˈtɪərɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | cup | δ Crateris
Crux
/ˈkrʌks/[7] | Cru | Cruc | Crucis
/ˈkruːsɪs/ | 1603, Uranometria, split from Centaurus | southern cross | Acrux
Cygnus
/ˈsɪɡnəs/[7] | Cyg | Cygn | Cygni
/ˈsɪɡnaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | swan or Northern Cross | Deneb
Delphinus
/dɛlˈfaɪnəs/[7] | Del | Dlph | Delphini
/dɛlˈfaɪnaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | dolphin | Rotanev
Dorado
/dəˈrɑːdoʊ/[11] | Dor | Dora | Doradus
/dəˈreɪdəs/ | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | dolphinfish | α Doradus
Draco
/ˈdreɪkoʊ/[8] | Dra | Drac | Draconis
/drəˈkoʊnɪs/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | dragon | Eltanin[9]
Equuleus
/ɪˈkwuːliəs/[8] | Equ | Equl | Equulei
/ɪˈkwuːliaɪ/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | pony | Kitalpha
Eridanus
/ɪˈrɪdənəs/[8] | Eri | Erid | Eridani
/ɪˈrɪdənaɪ/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | river Eridanus (mythology) | Achernar
Fornax
/ˈfɔːrnæks/ | For | Forn | Fornacis
/fɔːrˈneɪsɪs/ | 1763, Lacaille | chemical furnace | Dalim[9]
Gemini
/ˈdʒɛmɪnaɪ/[7] | Gem | Gemi | Geminorum
/ˌdʒɛmɪˈnɒrəm/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | twins | Pollux
Grus
/ˈɡrʌs/[8] | Gru | Grus | Gruis
/ˈɡruːɪs/[8] | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | crane | Alnair
Hercules
/ˈhɜːrkjʊliːz/[8] | Her | Herc | Herculis
/ˈhɜːrkjʊlɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | Hercules (mythological character) | Kornephoros
Horologium
/ˌhɒrəˈlɒdʒiəm, -ˈloʊ-/[7][8] | Hor | Horo | Horologii
/ˌhɒrəˈloʊdʒiaɪ/ | 1763, Lacaille | pendulum clock | α Horologii
Hydra
/ˈhaɪdrə/[7] | Hya | Hyda | Hydrae
/ˈhaɪdriː/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | Hydra (mythological creature) | Alphard
Hydrus
/ˈhaɪdrəs/[7] | Hyi | Hydi | Hydri
/ˈhaɪdraɪ/ | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | lesser water snake | β Hydri
Indus
/ˈɪndəs/[7] | Ind | Indi | Indi
/ˈɪndaɪ/ | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | Indian (of unspecified type) | α Indi
Lacerta
/ləˈsɜːrtə/[7] | Lac | Lacr | Lacertae
/ləˈsɜːrtiː/ | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | lizard | α Lacertae
Leo
/ˈliːoʊ/[7] | Leo | Leon | Leonis
/liːˈoʊnɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | lion | Regulus
Leo Minor
/ˈliːoʊ ˈmaɪnər/[7] | LMi | LMin | Leonis Minoris
/liːˈoʊnɪs mɪˈnɒrɪs/ | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | lesser lion | Praecipua
Lepus
/ˈliːpəs/[8] | Lep | Leps | Leporis
/ˈlɛpərɪs/[7][8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | hare | Arneb
Libra
/ˈlaɪbrə, ˈliː-/[7] | Lib | Libr | Librae
/ˈlaɪbriː/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | balance | Zubeneschamali[9]
Lupus
/ˈljuːpəs/[7] | Lup | Lupi | Lupi
/ˈljuːpaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | wolf | α Lupi
Lynx
/ˈlɪŋks/[7] | Lyn | Lync | Lyncis
/ˈlɪnsɪs/ | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | lynx | α Lyncis
Lyra
/ˈlaɪrə/[7] | Lyr | Lyra | Lyrae
/ˈlaɪriː/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | lyre / harp | Vega
Mensa
/ˈmɛnsə/[7] | Men | Mens | Mensae
/ˈmɛnsiː/ | 1763, Lacaille, as Mons Mensæ | Table Mountain (South Africa) | α Mensae
Microscopium
/ˌmaɪkroʊˈskɒpiəm/ | Mic | Micr | Microscopii
/ˌmaɪkroʊˈskɒpiaɪ/ | 1763, Lacaille | microscope | γ Microscopii
Monoceros
/məˈnɒsɪrəs/[7][8] | Mon | Mono | Monocerotis
/ˌmɒnəsɪˈroʊtɪs/ | 1613, Plancius | unicorn | β Monocerotis
Musca
/ˈmʌskə/[8] | Mus | Musc | Muscae
/ˈmʌsiː/[7][8] | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | fly | α Muscae
Norma
/ˈnɔːrmə/[7] | Nor | Norm | Normae
/ˈnɔːrmiː/[7] | 1763, Lacaille | carpenter's level | γ2 Normae
Octans
/ˈɒktænz/[8] | Oct | Octn | Octantis
/ɒkˈtæntɪs/[8] | 1763, Lacaille | octant (instrument) | ν Octantis
Ophiuchus
/ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/[7] | Oph | Ophi | Ophiuchi
/ˌɒfiˈjuːkaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | serpent-bearer | Rasalhague
Orion
/oʊˈraɪən/[7] | Ori | Orio | Orionis
/oʊˈraɪənɪs, ˌɒriˈoʊnɪs/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | Orion (mythological character) | Rigel
Pavo
/ˈpeɪvoʊ/[7][8] | Pav | Pavo | Pavonis
/pəˈvoʊnɪs/[8] | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | peacock | Peacock
Pegasus
/ˈpɛɡəsəs/[7] | Peg | Pegs | Pegasi
/ˈpɛɡəsaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | Pegasus (mythological winged horse) | Enif
Perseus
/ˈpɜːrsiəs/[8] | Per | Pers | Persei
/ˈpɜːrsiaɪ/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | Perseus (mythological character) | Mirfak
Phoenix
/ˈfiːnɪks/[7] | Phe | Phoe | Phoenicis
/fɪˈnaɪsɪs/ | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | phoenix | Ankaa
Pictor
/ˈpɪktər/[8] | Pic | Pict | Pictoris
/pɪkˈtɔːrɪs/[8] | 1763, Lacaille, as Equuleus Pictoris | easel | α Pictoris
Pisces
/ˈpaɪsiːz, ˈpɪ-/[7][8] | Psc | Pisc | Piscium
/ˈpɪʃiəm/[8] | ancient (Ptolemy) | fishes | Alpherg
Piscis Austrinus
/ˈpaɪsɪs ɔːˈstraɪnəs/ | PsA | PscA | Piscis Austrini
/ˈpaɪsɪs ɔːˈstraɪnaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | southern fish | Fomalhaut
Puppis
/ˈpʌpɪs/[8] | Pup | Pupp | Puppis
/ˈpʌpɪs/[8] | 1763, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis | poop deck | Naos
Pyxis
/ˈpɪksɪs/[7] | Pyx | Pyxi | Pyxidis
/ˈpɪksɪdɪs/ | 1763, Lacaille | mariner's compass | α Pyxidis
Reticulum
/rɪˈtɪkjʊləm/[7] | Ret | Reti | Reticuli
/rɪˈtɪkjʊlaɪ/ | 1763, Lacaille | eyepiece graticule | α Reticuli
Sagitta
/səˈdʒɪtə/[7] | Sge | Sgte | Sagittae
/səˈdʒɪtiː/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | arrow | γ Sagittae
Sagittarius
/sædʒɪˈtɛəriəs/[7] | Sgr | Sgtr | Sagittarii
/ˌsædʒəˈtɛəriaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | archer | Kaus Australis
Scorpius
/ˈskɔːrpiəs/[7] | Sco | Scor | Scorpii
/ˈskɔːrpiaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | scorpion | Antares
Sculptor
/ˈskʌlptər/[7] | Scl | Scul | Sculptoris
/skəlpˈtɒrɪs/ | 1763, Lacaille | sculptor | α Sculptoris
Scutum
/ˈskjuːtəm/[7] | Sct | Scut | Scuti
/ˈskjuːtaɪ/ | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | shield (of Sobieski) | α Scuti
Serpens[12]
/ˈsɜːrpɛnz/ | Ser | Serp | Serpentis
/sərˈpɛntɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | snake | Unukalhai
Sextans
/ˈsɛkstənz/[8] | Sex | Sext | Sextantis
/sɛksˈtæntɪs/[8] | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius | sextant | α Sextantis
Taurus
/ˈtɔːrəs/[7] | Tau | Taur | Tauri
/ˈtɔːraɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | bull | Aldebaran
Telescopium
/ˌtɛlɪˈskɒpiəm/ | Tel | Tele | Telescopii
/ˌtɛlɪˈskɒpiaɪ/ | 1763, Lacaille | telescope | α Telescopii
Triangulum
/traɪˈæŋɡjʊləm/ | Tri | Tria | Trianguli
/traɪˈæŋɡjʊlaɪ/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | triangle | β Trianguli
Triangulum Australe
/traɪˈæŋɡjʊləm ɔːˈstræliː, -ˈstreɪ-/ | TrA | TrAu | Trianguli Australis
/traɪˈæŋɡjʊlaɪ ɔːˈstrælɪs/ | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | southern triangle | Atria
Tucana
/tjuːˈkeɪnə/ | Tuc | Tucn | Tucanae
/tjuːˈkeɪniː/ | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman | toucan | α Tucanae
Ursa Major
/ˌɜːrsə ˈmeɪdʒər/[7] | UMa | UMaj | Ursae Majoris
/ˌɜːrsiː məˈdʒɒrɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | great bear | Alioth
Ursa Minor
/ˌɜːrsə ˈmaɪnər/[7] | UMi | UMin | Ursae Minoris
/ˌɜːrsiː mɪˈnɒrɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | lesser bear | Polaris
Vela
/ˈviːlə/[7] | Vel | Velr | Velorum
/vɪˈlɔːrəm/ | 1763, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis | sails | γ2 Velorum
Virgo
/ˈvɜːrɡoʊ/[7] | Vir | Virg | Virginis
/ˈvɜːrdʒɪnɪs/ | ancient (Ptolemy) | virgin or maiden | Spica
Volans
/ˈvoʊlænz/[8] | Vol | Voln | Volantis
/voʊˈlæntɪs/[8] | 1603, Uranometria, created by Keyser and de Houtman, as Piscis Volans | flying fish | β Volantis
Vulpecula
/vʌlˈpɛkjʊlə/[7] | Vul | Vulp | Vulpeculae
/vʌlˈpɛkjʊliː/ | 1690, Firmamentum Sobiescianum, Hevelius, as Vulpecula cum Ansere | fox | Anser

## Asterisms

Main page: Astronomy:Asterism

Various other unofficial patterns exist alongside the constellations. These are known as "asterisms". Examples include the Big Dipper/Plough and the Northern Cross. Some ancient asterisms, for example Coma Berenices, Serpens, and portions of Argo Navis, are now officially constellations.

## See also

* Lists of astronomical objects
* List of constellations by area
* Biblical names of stars
* Lists of stars by constellation
* Constellation family
* Galactic quadrant

## Notes

1. ↑ The constellations Camelopardalis, Columba, and Monoceros, formed by Petrus Plancius in 1592 and in 1613, are often erroneously attributed to Jacob Bartsch and Augustin Royer.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The Constellations". International Astronomical Union. https://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Eugène Delporte; International Astronomical Union (1930). Délimitation scientifique des constellations. At the University press. https://books.google.com/books?id=v3XvAAAAMAAJ.
3. ↑ Russell, Henry Norris (1922). "The New International Symbols for the Constellations". Popular Astronomy 30: 469. Bibcode: 1922PA.....30..469R.
4. ↑ "Constellations". Ian Ridpath. http://www.ianridpath.com/constellations1.html.
5. ↑ "The Constellations". International Astronomical Union. http://www.iau.org/public/themes/constellations/.
6. ↑ NASA Dictionary of terms for Aerospace Use – table V, Constellations
7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46 7.47 7.48 7.49 7.50 7.51 7.52 7.53 7.54 7.55 7.56 7.57 OED, 2nd edition
8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 8.35 8.36 8.37 8.38 8.39 8.40 8.41 8.42 8.43 8.44 8.45 8.46 8.47 8.48 8.49 8.50 8.51 8.52 8.53 8.54 8.55 8.56 8.57 8.58 Random House Dictionary
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 "Naming Stars". IAU.org. https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/.
10. ↑ "Comae Berenices". http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/comaberenices.html.
11. ↑ "Definition of dorado". Collins English Dictionary. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/dorado.
12. ↑ Serpens may be divided into Serpens Cauda (serpent's tail) and Serpens Caput (serpent's head), but these disjoint areas are considered part of the same constellation by the IAU.

## External links

* http://www.ianridpath.com/constellations1.html – Ian Ridpath's list of constellations.
* http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/contents.html – Ian Ridpath's Star Tales.
* http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?cat=VI/49 – CDS's archive of constellation boundaries. The text file constbnd.dat gives the 1875.0 coordinates of the vertices of the constellation regions, together with the constellations adjacent to each boundary segment.

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The 88 modern constellations

* Andromeda
* Antlia
* Apus
* Aquarius
* Aquila
* Ara
* Aries
* Auriga
* Boötes
* Caelum
* Camelopardalis
* Cancer
* Canes Venatici
* Canis Major
* Canis Minor
* Capricornus
* Carina
* Cassiopeia
* Centaurus
* Cepheus
* Cetus
* Chamaeleon
* Circinus
* Columba
* Coma Berenices
* Corona Australis
* Corona Borealis
* Corvus
* Crater
* Crux
* Cygnus
* Delphinus
* Dorado
* Draco
* Equuleus
* Eridanus
* Fornax
* Gemini
* Grus
* Hercules
* Horologium
* Hydra
* Hydrus
* Indus
* Lacerta
* Leo
* Leo Minor
* Lepus
* Libra
* Lupus
* Lynx
* Lyra
* Mensa
* Microscopium
* Monoceros
* Musca
* Norma
* Octans
* Ophiuchus
* Orion
* Pavo
* Pegasus
* Perseus
* Phoenix
* Pictor
* Pisces
* Piscis Austrinus
* Puppis
* Pyxis
* Reticulum
* Sagitta
* Sagittarius
* Scorpius
* Sculptor
* Scutum
* Serpens
* Sextans
* Taurus
* Telescopium
* Triangulum
* Triangulum Australe
* Tucana
* Ursa Major
* Ursa Minor
* Vela
* Virgo
* Volans
* Vulpecula

* Lists of constellations

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Constellation history

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The 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy after 150 AD

* Andromeda
* Aquarius
* Aquila
* Ara
* Argo Navis
* Aries
* Auriga
* Boötes
* Cancer
* Canis Major
* Canis Minor
* Capricornus
* Cassiopeia
* Centaurus
* Cepheus
* Cetus
* Corona Australis
* Corona Borealis
* Corvus
* Crater
* Cygnus
* Delphinus
* Draco
* Equuleus
* Eridanus
* Gemini
* Hercules
* Hydra
* Leo
* Lepus
* Libra
* Lupus
* Lyra
* Ophiuchus
* Orion
* Pegasus
* Perseus
* Pisces
* Piscis Austrinus
* Sagitta
* Sagittarius
* Scorpius
* Serpens
* Taurus
* Triangulum
* Ursa Major
* Ursa Minor
* Virgo

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The 41 additional constellations added in the 16th and 17th centuries

* Vespucci or Corsalius early 16c: Crux
* Triangulum Australe
* Vopel 1536: Coma Berenices
* Keyser & de Houtman 1596: Apus
* Chamaeleon
* Dorado
* Grus
* Hydrus
* Indus
* Musca
* Pavo
* Phoenix
* Tucana
* Volans
* Plancius 1613: Camelopardalis
* Columba
* Monoceros
* Habrecht 1621: Reticulum
* Hevelius 1683: Canes Venatici
* Lacerta
* Leo Minor
* Lynx
* Scutum
* Sextans
* Vulpecula
* de Lacaille 1763: Antlia
* Caelum
* Carina
* Circinus
* Fornax
* Horologium
* Mensa
* Microscopium
* Norma
* Octans
* Pictor
* Puppis
* Pyxis
* Sculptor
* Telescopium
* Vela

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Obsolete constellations (including Ptolemy's Argo Navis)

* Anser
* Antinous
* Apes
* Argo Navis
* Asterion
* Cancer Minor
* Cerberus
* Chara
* Custos Messium
* Felis
* Frederici Honores/Gloria Frederici
* Gallus
* Globus Aerostaticus
* Jordanus
* Lilium
* Lochium Funis
* Machina Electrica
* Malus
* Mons Maenalus
* Musca Borealis
* Noctua
* Officina Typographica
* Polophylax
* Psalterium Georgianum/Harpa Georgii
* Quadrans Muralis
* Ramus Pomifer
* Robur Carolinum
* Sceptrum Brandenburgicum
* Sceptrum et Manus Iustitiae
* Solarium
* Rangifer/Tarandus
* Taurus Poniatovii
* Telescopium Herschelii
* Testudo
* Tigris
* Triangulum Minus
* Turdus Solitarius
* Vespa
* Vultur cadens
* Vultur volans

* obsolete constellation names

* Apis
* Phoenicopterus
* Serpentarius
* Xiphias

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Constellations introduced by Johannes Hevelius after 1687

IAU-recognized constellations|

* Canes Venatici
* Lacerta
* Leo Minor
* Lynx
* Scutum
* Sextans
* Vulpecula

Obsolete constellations
(non-IAU constellations)|

* Cerberus
* Mons Maenalus
* Triangulum Minus

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Constellations introduced by Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille after 1756

* Antlia
* Caelum
* Circinus
* Fornax
* Horologium
* Mensa
* Microscopium
* Norma
* Octans
* Pictor
* Pyxis
* Reticulum
* Sculptor
* Telescopium

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