Kruger 60

Short description: Binary star system in the constellation Cepheus

Coordinates:  22h 27m 59.4677s, +57° 41′ 45.150″

Krüger 60 A/B

Krüger 60

Location of Krüger 60 in the constellation Cepheus

Observation data
{{#ifeq:J2000|J2000.0 (ICRS)|Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)| Epoch J2000 [[Astronomy:Equinox (celestial coordinates)|Equinox J2000}}
Constellation | Cepheus
Krüger 60 A
Right ascension |  22h 27m 59.55755s[1]
Declination | +57° 41′ 42.0806″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) | 9.93±0.03[2]
Krüger 60 B
Right ascension |  22h 27m 59.79560s[3]
Declination | +57° 41′ 49.7468″[3]
Apparent magnitude (V) | 10.3 - 11.4[4]
Characteristics
Spectral type | M3V/M4V[5]
Variable type | None/Flare star
Astrometry
Krüger 60 A
Proper motion (μ)|  RA: −725.227[1] mas/yr
Dec.: −223.461[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)| 249.3926 ± 0.1653[1] mas
Distance| 13.078 ± 0.009 ly
(4.010 ± 0.003 pc)
Krüger 60 B
Proper motion (μ)|  RA: −934.098 mas/yr
Dec.: −686.244 mas/yr
Parallax (π)| 249.9668 ± 0.7414[3] mas
Distance| 13.05 ± 0.04 ly
(4.00 ± 0.01 pc)
Details
Krüger 60 A
Mass| 0.271±0.010[6] M☉
Radius| 0.301±0.015[7] R☉
Luminosity| 0.00983±0.00025[8] L☉
Habitable zone inner limit| 0.103[8] AU
Habitable zone outer limit| 0.201[8] AU
Temperature| 3,342±111[8] K
Metallicity| –0.04[9]
Krüger 60 B
Mass| 0.176±0.007[6] M☉
Radius| 0.209±0.017[7] R☉
Luminosity| 0.00393±0.00016[8] L☉
Habitable zone inner limit| 0.067[8] AU
Habitable zone outer limit| 0.129[8] AU
Temperature| 3,097±111[8] K
Orbit[10]
Primary| Krüger 60 A
Companion| Krüger 60 B
Period (P)| 45.13+0.44
−0.43 yr
Semi-major axis (a)| 2.45±0.02″
Eccentricity (e)| 0.4131+0.0031
−0.0032
Inclination (i)| 165.41+0.72
−0.71°
Longitude of the node (Ω)| 152.6+3.3
−3.9°
Periastron epoch (T)| 56,944+12
−11 MJD
Argument of periapsis (ω)
(primary)| 208.2+2.8
−3.3°
Other designations

BD+56°2783, GJ 860 A/B, HD 239960, HIP 110893, ADS 15972, G 232-075, LHS 3814/3815[11]

Database references
SIMBAD| The system
| A
| B

Krüger 60 (DO Cephei) is a binary star system located 13.1 light-years (4.0 parsecs) from Earth, being one of nearest stars. It is made up of a pair of red dwarf stars orbiting each other every 45 years.

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Name
* 3 Origin of 2I/Borisov
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading
* 6 External links

## Description

The larger, primary star is designated component A, while the secondary, smaller star is labeled component B. Component A has about 27% of the Sun's mass and 30% of the Sun's radius. Component B has about 18% of the Sun's mass and 21% of the Sun's radius.[6][7]

A blue band light curve for a flare on DO Cephei, adapted from Dal (2020)[12]

In 1951, Peter van de Kamp and Sarah Lee Lippincott announced that component B is a flare star.[13] It was given the variable star designation "DO Cephei".[14] Flares lasting as long as one hour have been recorded.[15]

This system is orbiting through the Milky Way at a distance from the core that varies from 7–9 kpc with an orbital eccentricity of 0.126–0.130.[16] The closest approach to the Sun will occur in about 88,600 years when this system will come within 1.95 parsecs (6.4 ly).[17]

## Name

In 1890 Adalbert Krueger published a part of the AGK catalogue with stars with declination between +55 and +65. He noted which stars appeared to be double.[18] Sherburne Wesley Burnham (1894) observed 67 of these candidate double stars, among which number 60 from his list, which later was called Kruger 60 (star 13170 from the catalogue of Krueger).[19]

## Origin of 2I/Borisov

Krüger 60 was proposed as the origin of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov (formerly named C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)) in a preprint submitted to arXiv by Dybczyński, Królikowska, and Wysoczańska.[20] These authors had from other work a list of stars and stellar systems that can potentially act as perturbers of the Oort cloud comets, and searched it for a past close proximity of 2I/Borisov at a very small relative velocity. While hampered by uncertainty about the orbit of 2I/Borisov and particularly its non-gravitational acceleration (due to cometary outgassing), they initially reached a conclusion that 1 Myr ago 2I/Borisov passed Krüger 60 at a small distance of 1.74 pc while having an extremely small relative velocity of 3.43 km/s. Perturbations of 2I/Borisov's incoming orbit altered the intersection distance with relatively small changes in the relative velocity. However, further study by the same authors presented in the revised version of the preprint instead ruled out the possibility of Krüger 60 as a home system for 2I/Borisov.[20]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Brown, A. G. A. (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 616: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
2. ↑ Fabricius, C.; Høg, E.; Makarov, V. V.; Mason, B. D.; Wycoff, G. L.; Urban, S. E. (2002-03-01). "The Tycho double star catalogue". Astronomy and Astrophysics 384: 180–189. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011822. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2002A&A...384..180F.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Brown, A. G. A. (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 616: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
4. ↑ "VSX : Detail for DO Cep". https://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=8489.
5. ↑ Henry, Todd J. (October 1994). "The solar neighborhood, 1: Standard spectral types (K5-M8) for northern dwarfs within eight parsecs". The Astronomical Journal 108 (4): 1437–1444. doi:10.1086/117167. Bibcode: 1994AJ....108.1437H.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; White, Russel J. (2004-04-01). "An Assessment of Dynamical Mass Constraints on Pre-Main-Sequence Evolutionary Tracks" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 604 (2): 741. doi:10.1086/382021. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...604..741H. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/382021.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Cifuentes, C.; Caballero, J. A.; González-Payo, J.; Amado, P. J.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Burgasser, A. J.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Lodieu, N. et al. (January 2025). "CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. IX. Multiplicity from close spectroscopic binaries to ultra-wide systems". Astronomy and Astrophysics 693: A228. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452527. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2025A&A...693A.228C.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Apai, Dániel; Bergsten, Galen J.; Pascucci, Ilaria; López-Morales, Mercedes (2023-06-01). "Bioverse: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Capabilities of Extremely Large Telescopes to Probe Earth-like O2 Levels in Nearby Transiting Habitable-zone Exoplanets". The Astronomical Journal 165 (6): 267. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd1ec. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2023AJ....165..267H. Database entries at VizieR:
Kruger 60 A
Kruger 60 B
9. ↑ Bonfils, Xavier; Delfosse, Xavier; Udry, Stéphane; Santos, Nuno C.; Forveille, Thierry; Ségransan, Damien (2005). "Metallicity of M dwarfs. I. A photometric calibration and the impact on the mass-luminosity relation at the bottom of the main sequence". Astronomy and Astrophysics 442 (2): 635–642. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053046. Bibcode: 2005A&A...442..635B. http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?2005A&A...442..635B;&db_key=AST&nosetcookie=1. Only listed for component A.
10. ↑ Mann, Andrew W.; Dupuy, Trent; Kraus, Adam L.; Gaidos, Eric; Ansdell, Megan; Ireland, Michael; Rizzuto, Aaron C.; Hung, Chao-Ling et al. (2019-01-01). "How to Constrain Your M Dwarf. II. The Mass-Luminosity-Metallicity Relation from 0.075 to 0.70 Solar Masses". The Astrophysical Journal 871 (1): 63. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf3bc. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...871...63M. Kruger 60's database entry at VizieR.
11. ↑ "NSV 14168 – Variable Star". SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NSV+14168.
12. ↑ Dal, H. A. (July 2020). "The flare cumulative frequencies of UV Ceti stars from different spectral types". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495 (4): 4529–4541. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1484. Bibcode: 2020MNRAS.495.4529D.
13. ↑ van de Kamp, Peter; Lippincott, Sarah Lee (June 1951). "Flare-Up of Krüger 60 B". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 63 (372): 141–142. doi:10.1086/126343. Bibcode: 1951PASP...63..141V. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1951PASP...63..141V. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
14. ↑ White, Stephen M. (December 1989). "A VLA survey of nearby flare stars". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 71: 895–904. doi:10.1086/191401. Bibcode: 1989ApJS...71..895W.
15. ↑ Dal, Hasan Ali (January 2011). "Statistical Analysis and the OPEA Model of the White-Light Flares Occurring on Krüger 60B (DO Cep)" (in en). Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 28 (4): 365–377. doi:10.1071/AS11034. ISSN 1448-6083. Bibcode: 2011PASA...28..365D.
16. ↑ "The galactic orbits of nearby UV Ceti stars". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica 34: 37–46. 1998. Bibcode: 1998larm.confE.115A.
17. ↑ García-Sánchez, J. (November 2001). "Stellar encounters with the solar system". Astronomy and Astrophysics 379 (2): 634–659. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011330. Bibcode: 2001A&A...379..634G.
18. ↑ Krueger, A. (1890). AGK1 Helsingfors und Gotha, Katalog von 14680 Sternen zwischen 54 Grad 55 und 65 Grad 10 nördl. Dekl. 1855 für das Aequ. 1875, beobachtet in Helsingfors 1869 bis 1876 und in Gotha 1877 bis 1880. Bibcode: 1890ahgk.book.....K. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1890ahgk.book.....K/abstract.
19. ↑ Burnham, S. W. (1894). "Measures of Stars notes as Double in the Catalogues of the Astronomische Gesellschaft". Publications of Lick Observatory 2: 145. Bibcode: 1894PLicO...2..145B. https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1894PLicO...2..145B.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Dybczyński, Piotr A.; Królikowska, Małgorzata; Wysoczańska, Rita (24 September 2019). "Kruger 60 as a home system for 2I/Borisov -- a case study". arXiv:1909.10952 [astro-ph.EP].

## Further reading

* James B. Kaler (22 March 2001). Extreme Stars: At the Edge of Creation. Cambridge University Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-521-40262-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=3kcjvYLh8xIC.

## External links

* Hires LRGB CCD Image

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← Celestial objects within 5–10 light-years →

| Primary member type|

Celestial objects by systems. Secondary members are listed in small print.

| Main-sequence
stars|

| A-type|

* Sirius (α CMa) (8.60±0.04 ly)
* white dwarf B

|

M-type
(red dwarfs)|

* Barnard's Star (5.980±0.003 ly)
* planet b
* Wolf 359 (7.856±0.031 ly)
* Lalande 21185 (8.307±0.014 ly)
* L 726-8 (8.73±0.06 ly)
* red dwarf UV Cet
* Ross 154 (9.60±0.05 ly)

| Brown dwarfs|

| L-type|

* Luhman 16 (6.59±0.06 ly)
* T-type brown dwarf B

|

| Sub-brown dwarfs
and rogue planets|

| Y-type|

* WISE 0855−0714 (7.27±0.13 ly)

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* 12918
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* 215588
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* 224890

Gliese|

* Gliese 48
* Gliese 809
* GJ 1277

Other|

* Cepheus A HW 2
* Cepheus X-4
* IRAS 21391+5802
* Kruger 60
* NGC 7538 IRS 1
* NGC 7538 IRS 9
* OH 104.9+2.4
* PSR B2224+65
* PSR J2229+6114
* S140 IRS 1
* TYC 3980-1081-1
* 4U 2206+54
* WISE 0313+7807
* WR 152
* WR 156

Star clusters|

| Association|

* Cepheus OB2
* Cepheus OB3
* Cepheus OB4

|

Open|

* NGC 188
* NGC 6939
* NGC 7023
* NGC 7129
* NGC 7142
* NGC 7160
* NGC 7226
* NGC 7234
* NGC 7261
* NGC 7281
* NGC 7380
* NGC 7419
* NGC 7423
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* S 140
* Trumpler 37

Globular|

* Palomar 1

Molecular clouds|

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Nebulae|

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|

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* CTA 1
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Galaxies|

| NGC|

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|

Other|

* 3C 61.1
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Other|

* GRB 980519
* SN 2008S

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Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Astronomy:Kruger_60&oldid=4201092"
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