List of missions to comets

Short description: None

As of 2013, the United States , the Soviet Union, Japan , and the European Space Agency have conducted missions to comets.

Spacecraft  | Launch Date[1] | Operator  | Comet  | Mission  | Outcome  | Remarks  | Carrier rocket[2]

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ICE
(ISEE-3) | 12 August 1978  | NASA
United States / ESA | 21P/Giacobini–Zinner  | Flyby  | Successful  | Extended mission; Closest approach of 7,862 kilometres (4,885 mi) at 11:02 UTC on 11 September 1985. Also made distant observations of 1P/Halley in May 1986.[3] | Delta 2914
Vega 1
(5VK No.901) | 15 December 1984  | Soviet Union | 1P/Halley  | Flyby  | Successful  | Flew past Halley after visiting Venus; closest approach 8,889 kilometres (5,523 mi) at 07:20:06 UTC on 6 March 1986.[4] | Proton-K/D-1
Vega 2
(5VK No.902) | 21 December 1984  | Soviet Union | 1P/Halley  | Flyby  | Successful  | Flew past Halley after visiting Venus; closest approach at 07:20 UTC on 9 March 1986.[5] | Proton-K/D-1
Sakigake
(MS-T5) | 7 January 1985  | ISAS
Japan | 1P/Halley  | Flyby  | Successful  | Closest approach of 6.99 million kilometres (4.34 million miles) at 04:18 UTC on 11 March 1986.[6] | Mu-3S-II
Giotto | 2 July 1985 | ESA | 1P/Halley  | Flyby  | Successful  | Closest approach of 605 kilometres (376 mi) at 00:03:02 UTC on 14 March 1986.[7] | Ariane 1
26P/Grigg–Skjellerup  | Flyby  | Successful  | Extended mission. Closest approach of 200 kilometres (120 mi) at 15:30 UTC on 10 July 1992.[7]
Suisei
(PLANET-A) | 19 August 1985 | ISAS
Japan | 1P/Halley  | Flyby  | Successful  | Closest approach of 152,400 kilometres (94,700 mi) at 13:06 UTC on 8 March 1986[8] | Mu-3S-II
21P/Giacobini–Zinner  | Flyby  | Spacecraft failure
(Extended mission) | Extended mission, spacecraft ran out of fuel en route; flyby had been scheduled for 24 November 1998[8]
Deep Space 1 | 24 October 1998 | NASA
United States | 107P/Wilson–Harrington[9] | Flyby  | Spacecraft failure  | Spacecraft was unable to reach Wilson–Harrington due to ion engine operation being suspended while a problem with the probe's star tracker was investigated.[10] | Delta II 7326
19P/Borrelly  | Flyby  | Successful  | Extended mission
Stardust
(Discovery 4) | 7 February 1999  | NASA
United States | 81P/Wild  | Flyby  | Successful  |  | Delta II 7426
Sample return  | Successful  |
9P/Tempel  | Flyby  | Successful  | Extended mission, Stardust-NExT, to survey crater caused by Deep Impact
CONTOUR
(Discovery 6) | 3 July 2002  | NASA
United States | 2P/Encke  | Flyby  | Spacecraft failure  |  | Delta II 7425
73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann | Flyby  | Spacecraft failure |
6P/d'Arrest  | Flyby  | Spacecraft failure  | Flyby provisionally scheduled at time of spacecraft's failure
Rosetta | 2 March 2004  | ESA | 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko  | Orbiter  | Successful  | Entered orbit around 67P at 09:06 UTC on 6 August 2014. On 30 September 2016 mission ended in an attempt to slow land on the comet's surface near a 130 m (425 ft) wide pit called Deir el-Medina.  | Ariane 5G+
Philae | 2 March 2004  | ESA / DLR
Germany | 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko  | Lander  | Successful | Carried by Rosetta. Came to rest on the surface of 67P at 17:32 UTC on 12 November 2014. Communications ceased with the loss of battery power at 00:36 UTC on 15 November 2014 and the lander began hibernating. Reactivated on solar power and briefly established contact with ground control again at 20:28 UTC on 13 June 2015, and sporadically until 9 July 2015 when the last communication was received.[11][12] | Ariane 5G+
Deep Impact
(Discovery 7) | 12 January 2005  | NASA
United States | 9P/Tempel  | Flyby  | Successful  |  | Delta II 7925
Impactor  | Successful  | Impact occurred at 05:52 UTC on 4 July 2005.
103P/Hartley  | Flyby  | Successful  | Extended mission (EPOXI)

## See also

* List of missions to minor planets (includes asteroids)
* List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft

## References

1. ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt.
2. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Interplanetary Probes". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/ip_probe.htm.
3. ↑ "Solar System Exploration - ISEE-3/ICE". NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Comets&MCode=ISEEICE&Display=ReadMore.
4. ↑ "Solar System Exploration - Vega 1". NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Comets&MCode=Vega_01&Display=ReadMore.
5. ↑ "Solar System Exploration - Vega 2". NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Comets&MCode=Vega_02&Display=ReadMore.
6. ↑ "Solar System Exploration - Sakigake". NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Comets&MCode=Sakigake&Display=ReadMore.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Solar System Exploration - Giotto". NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Comets&MCode=Giotto&Display=ReadMore.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Solar System Exploration - Suisei". NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Comets&MCode=Suisei&Display=ReadMore.
9. ↑ Wilson-Harrington is catalogued as both a comet and an asteroid
10. ↑ "Solar System Exploration - Deep Space 1". NASA. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Comets&MCode=DS1&Display=ReadMore.
11. ↑ "Rosetta's lander Philae wakes up from hibernation". European Space Agency, Rosetta Blog. 14 June 2015. http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2015/06/14/rosettas-lander-philae-wakes-up-from-hibernation/.
12. ↑ Baldwin, Emily (20 July 2015). "Rosetta and Philae status update". European Space Agency. http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2015/07/20/rosetta-and-philae-status-update/.

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Spacecraft missions to minor planets and comets

* List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft
* List of artificial objects on extra-terrestrial surfaces

Past and
current|

| Flybys|

* Cassini–Huygens
* Chang'e 2
* Clementine†
* CONTOUR†
* Deep Impact
* EPOXI
* Deep Space 1
* Galileo
* Halley Armada
* Giotto
* Sakigake
* Suisei
* Vega 1
* Vega 2
* International Cometary Explorer
* NEAR Shoemaker
* New Horizons
* Pioneer 7
* PROCYON†
* Rosetta
* Stardust/NExT
* Ulysses

|

Orbiters|

* Dawn
* Hayabusa
* Hayabusa2
* NEAR Shoemaker
* OSIRIS-REx
* Rosetta
* Timeline

Landers|

* Hayabusa
* MINERVA†
* Hayabusa2
* HIBOU
* MASCOT
* MINERVA-II 2
* OWL
* NEAR Shoemaker
* Philae

Impactors|

* Deep Impact

Sample return|

* Hayabusa
* Hayabusa2
* OSIRIS-REx
* Stardust

Planned|

* NEA Scout (flyby, 2020-2021)
* Lucy (multiple flybys, 2021)
* DART (impactor and flyby, 2021)
* DESTINY+ (multiple flybys, 2022)
* Psyche (orbiter, 2022)
* Hera (orbiter and landers, 2024)
* Comet Interceptor (flyby, 2028)

Proposed|

* ASTER (orbiter, 2021)
* Athena (flyby of Pallas, 2022)
* Centaurus (multiple flybys, 2026-2029)
* CORSAIR (sample return)
* HAMMER (nuclear impactor concept)
* MANTIS (multiple flybys)
* OKEANOS (multiple flybys and sample return, 2026)
* World Is Not Enough (spacecraft refueling concept)
* ZhengHe (multiple flybys and sample return, 2024)

Cancelled or
not developed|

* AGORA
* AIM
* Asteroid Redirect Mission
* CAESAR
* Castalia
* Clementine 2
* Comet Hopper
* CONDOR
* CRAF
* Don Quijote
* Hayabusa Mk2
* MAOSEP
* Marco Polo
* New Horizons 2
* Vesta

Related|

* Asteroid belt
* Asteroid capture
* Asteroid mining
* Colonization of asteroids
* Ceres
* Colonization
* Pluto
* Exploration
* Small Solar System bodies
* Near-Earth object
* Trans-Neptunian object
* Colonization
* Trojan
* Vesta

* Probes are listed in chronological order of launch. Italics indicate currently active missions. † indicates mission failures.

* v
* t
* e

Space missions by destination

Planets|

* Mercury
* Venus
* Mars
* Outer planets
* Jupiter
* Saturn
* Uranus
* Neptune

Others|

* The Moon
* lunar probes
* Minor planets
* Comets

Orbiters|

* Extraterrestrial orbiters
* Mars orbiters
* Objects in heliocentric orbit

* v
* t
* e

Solar System

* Sun
* Mercury
* Venus
* Earth
* Mars
* Ceres
* Jupiter
* Saturn
* Uranus
* Neptune
* Pluto
* Haumea
* Makemake
* Eris

| Planets|

* Terrestrial planets
* Mercury
* Venus
* Earth
* Mars

* Giant planets
* Jupiter
* Saturn
* Uranus
* Neptune

* Dwarf planets
* Ceres
* Pluto
* Haumea
* Makemake
* Eris

|

Rings|

* Jovian
* Saturnian (Rhean)
* Charikloan
* Chironean
* Uranian
* Neptunian
* Haumean

Moons|

* Terrestrial
* Moon
* other near-Earth objects
* Martian
* Phobos
* Deimos
* Jovian
* Ganymede
* Callisto
* Io
* Europa
* all 79
* Saturnian
* Titan
* Rhea
* Iapetus
* Dione
* Tethys
* Enceladus
* Mimas
* Hyperion
* Phoebe
* all 82
* Uranian
* Titania
* Oberon
* Umbriel
* Ariel
* Miranda
* all 27
* Neptunian
* Triton
* Proteus
* Nereid
* all 14
* Plutonian
* Charon
* Nix
* Hydra
* Kerberos
* Styx
* Eridian
* Dysnomia
* Haumean
* Hiʻiaka
* Namaka
* Makemakean
* S/2015 (136472) 1

Exploration
(outline)|

* Colonization
* Discovery
* astronomy
* historical models
* timeline
* Human spaceflight
* space stations
* list
* Space probes
* timeline
* list

* Mercury
* Venus
* Moon
* mining
* Mars
* Ceres
* Asteroids
* mining
* Comets
* Jupiter
* Saturn
* Uranus
* Neptune
* Pluto
* Deep space

Hypothetical
objects|

* Fifth giant
* Nemesis
* Phaeton
* Planet Nine
* Planet V
* Planet X
* Theia
* Tyche
* Vulcan
* Vulcanoids
* Subsatellites

Lists|

* Comets
* Dwarf planets (possible)
* Gravitationally rounded objects
* Minor planets
* names
* Natural satellites
* Solar System models
* Solar System objects
* by size
* by discovery date

| Small Solar
System bodies|

* Comets
* Damocloids
* Meteoroids
* Minor planets
* moons
* Planetesimal

* Mercury-crossers
* Venus-crossers
* Venus trojans
* Near-Earth objects
* Earth-crossers
* Earth trojans
* Mars-crossers
* Mars trojans

* Asteroid belt
* Asteroids
* Ceres
* Pallas
* Juno
* Vesta
* first 1000
* families
* exceptional
* Kirkwood gap
* Main-belt comets

* Jupiter-crossers
* Jupiter trojans
* Centaurs
* Saturn-crossers
* Uranus-crossers
* Uranus trojans
* Neptune-crossers
* Neptune trojans
* Cis-Neptunian objects
* Trans-Neptunian objects

* Plutoids
* Kuiper belt
* Cubewanos
* Plutinos
* Detached objects
* Hills cloud
* Oort cloud
* Scattered disc
* Sednoids

|

Formation
and evolution|

* Accretion
* Accretion disk
* Asteroid belt
* Circumplanetary disk
* Circumstellar disc
* Circumstellar envelope
* Cosmic dust
* Debris disk
* Detached object
* Disrupted planet
* Excretion disk
* Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer
* Exozodiacal dust
* Extraterrestrial materials
* Extraterrestrial sample curation
* Giant-impact hypothesis
* Gravitational collapse
* Hills cloud
* Interplanetary dust cloud
* Interplanetary medium
* Interplanetary space
* Interstellar cloud
* Interstellar dust
* Interstellar medium
* Interstellar space
* Kuiper belt
* List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
* Merging stars
* Molecular cloud
* Nebular hypothesis
* Oort cloud
* Outer space
* Planetary migration
* Planetary system
* Planetesimal
* Planet formation
* Protoplanetary disk
* Ring system
* Rubble pile
* Sample-return mission
* Scattered disc
* Star formation

* Outline of the Solar System
*   *   *

Solar System → Local Interstellar Cloud → Local Bubble → Gould Belt → Orion Arm → Milky Way → Milky Way subgroup → Local Group → Local Sheet → Virgo Supercluster → Laniakea Supercluster → Observable universe → Universe
Each arrow (→) may be read as "within" or "part of".

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