List of potentially habitable exoplanets

Short description: Overview of potentially habitable terrestrial exoplanets

This is a list of potentially habitable exoplanets. The list is mostly based on estimates of habitability by the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog (HEC), and data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The HEC is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.[1] There is also a speculative list being developed of superhabitable planets.

Surface planetary habitability is thought to require to orbit at the right distance from the host star for liquid surface water to be present, in addition to various geophysical and geodynamical aspects, atmospheric density, radiation type and intensity, and the host star's plasma environment.[2]

## Contents

* 1 List
* 2 Previous candidates
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

This is a list of exoplanets within the circumstellar habitable zone that are under 10 Earth masses and smaller than 2.5 Earth radii, and thus have a chance of being rocky.[3][1] Note that inclusion on this list does not guarantee habitability, and in particular the larger planets are unlikely to have a rocky composition.[4] Earth is included for comparison.

Note that mass and radius values prefixed with "~" have not been measured, but are estimated from a mass-radius relationship.

Object  | Star  | Star type  | Mass (M⊕)  | Radius (R⊕)  | Density (g/cm3)  | Flux (F⊕)  | Teq (K)  | Period (days)  | Distance (ly)  | Refs/Notes

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Earth | Sun | Template:StarG | 1.00 | 1.00 | 5.514 | 1.00 | 255 | 365.25 | 0 | Reported for reference. Only planet known to support life.[3]
Teegarden's Star b | Teegarden's Star | Template:StarM | ≥1.05 | ~1.02 | — | 1.15 | 264 | 4.91 | 12.5 | Radius is estimated[5][6]
TOI-700 d | TOI-700 | Template:StarM | ~1.72 | 1.14 | — | 0.87 | 246 | 37.4 | 101
Kepler-1649c | Kepler-1649 | Template:StarM | ~1.20 | 1.06 | — | 0.75 | 237 | 19.5 | 301  | [7]
TRAPPIST-1d | TRAPPIST-1 | Template:StarM | 0.39 | 0.78 | 3.39 | 1.12 | 258 | 4.05 | 41 | Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
Luyten b | Luyten's Star | Template:StarM | ≥2.89 | ~1.35 | — | 1.06 | 258 | 18.65 | 12.3 | [10]
LP 890-9 c | LP 890-9 | Template:StarM | — | 1.37 | — | 0.91 | 272 | 8.46 | 105 | [11]
K2-72e | K2-72 | Template:StarM | ~2.21 | 1.29 | — | 1.30 | 261 | 24.2 | 217  | [12]
GJ 1061 d | GJ 1061 | Template:StarM | ≥1.64 | ~1.16 | — | 0.69 | 218 | 13.0 | 12 |
GJ 1002 b | GJ 1002 | Template:StarM | ≥1.08 | ~1.03  | — | 0.67 | 231 | 10.3 | 15.8 | [13]
GJ 1061 c | GJ 1061 | Template:StarM | ≥1.74 | ~1.18 | — | 1.45 | 275 | 6.7 | 12
Kepler-296e | Kepler-296 | Template:StarK | ~2.96 | 1.52 | — | 1.00 | 276 | 34.1 | 737 | [1][14]
Wolf 1069 b | Wolf 1069 | Template:StarM | ≥1.26 | ~1.08 | — | 0.65 | 250 | 15.6 | 31.2 | [15]
TRAPPIST-1e | TRAPPIST-1 | Template:StarM | 0.69 | 0.92 | 5.65 | 0.65 | 230 | 6.1 | 41 | Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
Proxima Centauri b | Proxima Centauri | Template:StarM | ≥1.27 | ~1.30 | — | 0.70 | 228 | 11.186 | 4.25 | Affected by solar flare, possibly affected by high radiation[16]
Kepler-442b | Kepler-442 | Template:StarK | ~2.36 | 1.35 | — | 0.70 | 233 | 112.3 | 1193 | [1]
Kepler-62f | Kepler-62 | Template:StarK | ~2.8 | 1.41 | — | 0.41 | 204 | 267.3 | 981 | [1][17]
TRAPPIST-1f | TRAPPIST-1 | Template:StarM | 1.04 | 1.04 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 0.37 | 200 | 9.2 | 41 | Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
Teegarden's Star c | Teegarden's Star | Template:StarM | ≥1.11 | ~1.04 | — | 0.37 | 199 | 11.4 | 12.5 | [5]
Kepler-1229b | Kepler-1229 | Template:StarM | ~2.54 | 1.40 | — | 0.32 | 213 | 86.8 | 865  | [1]
Kepler-186f | Kepler-186 | Template:StarM | ~1.71 | 1.17 | — | 0.29 | 188 | 129.9 | 579 | [1]
TRAPPIST-1g | TRAPPIST-1 | Template:StarM | 1.32 | 1.13 | 4.186 | 0.25 | 182 | 12.4 | 41 | Confirmed to be rocky[8][9]
GJ 1002 c | GJ 1002 | Template:StarM | ≥1.36 | 1.1  | — | 0.26 | 182 | 21.2 | 15.8 | [13][18]
Kepler-452b | Kepler-452 | Template:StarG | ~5 | 1.63 | — | 1.11 | 261 | 384.8 | 1799 | Not confirmed[1][19][20][21][22]
Kepler-62e | Kepler-62 | Template:StarK | ~4.5 | 1.61 | — | 1.15 | 264 | 122.4 | 981 | [1][23]
Kepler-1652b | Kepler-1652 | Template:StarM | — | 1.60 | — | 0.84 | 244 | 38.1 | 822 |
Wolf 1061c | Wolf 1061 | Template:StarM | ≥3.41 | ~1.60 | — | 1.30 | 271 | 17.9 | 13.8  | [1]
Kepler-1410b | Kepler-1410 | Template:StarK | — | 1.78 | — | 1.07 | 274 | 60.9 | 1196 |
Gliese 667 Cc | Gliese 667 C | Template:StarM | ≥3.81 | ~1.54 | — | 0.88 | 277 | 28.1 | 23.62 | [24][1]
Kepler-1544 b | Kepler-1544 | Template:StarK | — | 1.78 | — | 0.84 | 248 | 168.8 | 1092 | [1]
Kepler-283c | Kepler-283 | Template:StarK | — | 1.82 | — | 0.89 | 248 | 92.7 | 1526 | [1]
Ross 508 b | Ross 508 | Template:StarM | ≥4.00 | —  | — | 1.32 |  | 10.8 | 37 | [25]
Kepler-1638b | Kepler-1638 | Template:StarG | — | 1.87 | — | 1.39 | 276 | 259.3 | 4973 | [26]
Ross 128 b | Ross 128 | Template:StarM | ≥1.40 | ~1.80 | — | 1.48 | 280 | 9.87 | 11.0 | [27]
Kepler-440b | Kepler-440 | Template:StarK | — | 1.91 | — | 1.44 | 273 | 101.1 | 981 | [1]
Gliese 433 d | Gliese 433 | Template:StarM | ≥5.22 | —  | — | 1.06 |  | 36.1 | 29.6 | [1]
Kepler-1653b | Kepler-1653 | Template:StarK | — | 2.17 | — | 1.04 | 258 | 140.3 | 2461 |
Kepler-705b | Kepler-705 | Template:StarM | — | 2.11 | — | 0.77 | 243 | 56.1 | 903 |
K2-332b | K2-332 | Template:StarM | — | 2.20 | — | 1.17 |  | 17.7 | 402 | [1]
Kepler-155c | Kepler-155 | Template:StarM | — | 2.24 | — | 1.05 |  | 52.7 | 957 | [1]
TOI-2257 b | TOI-2257 | Template:StarM | — | 2.20 | — | 0.74 |  | 35.2 | 188 | Highly eccentric[1][28]
Kepler-443b | Kepler-443 | Template:StarK | — | 2.35 | — | 0.89 | 247 | 177.7 | 2615 | [1]
Kepler-22b | Kepler-22 | Template:StarG | — | 2.38 | — | 1.10 | 261 | 289.9 | 635 | [1][29]
Kepler-1701b | Kepler-1701 | Template:StarK | — | 2.22 | — | 1.42 | 275 | 169.1 | 1904 | [1][30]
Kepler-1606b | Kepler-1606 | Template:StarG | — | 2.07 | — | 1.64 | 277 | 196.4 | 2710 | [31]
K2-9b | K2-9 | Template:StarM | — | 2.25 | — | 1.45 | 279 | 18.4 | 270 | [1][32]
Gliese 180 c | Gliese 180 | Template:StarM | ≥6.40 | —  | — | 0.78 | 239 | 24.3 | 39 | Not confirmed[1][33]
Gliese 163 c | Gliese 163 | Template:StarM | ≥6.80 | —  | — | 1.25 | 277 | 25.6 | 49 | [1]
Kepler-1540b | Kepler-1540 | Template:StarK | — | 2.49 | — | 0.78 | 250 | 125.4 | 799 |
Kepler-174d | Kepler-174 | Template:StarK | — | 2.19 | — | 0.59 | 206 | 247.4 | 1254 | [1]
HD 40307 g | HD 40307 | Template:StarK | ≥7.09 | —  | — | 0.67 | 226 | 197.8 | 42 | Not confirmed[1][34]
Kepler-296f | Kepler-296 | Template:StarK | — | 1.80 | — | 0.44 | 225 | 63.3 | 737 | [1][35]
HIP 38594 b | HIP 38594 | Template:StarM | ≥8.10 | —  | — | 1.34 |  | 60.7 | 58 | [1]
K2-288Bb | K2-288 B | Template:StarM | — | 1.91 | — | 0.44 | 207 | 31.4 | 214 |
HD 216520 c | HD 216520 | Template:StarK | ≥9.44 | —  | — | 1.28 |  | 154.4 | 64 | [1]
GJ 3293 d | GJ 3293 | Template:StarM | ≥7.60 | —  | — | 0.59 | 223 | 48.1 | 66 | [1]
LHS 1140 b | LHS 1140 | Template:StarM | 5.60 | 1.73 | 5.9±0.3 | 0.43 | 226 | 24.7 | 49 | Likely ocean world or dense mini-Neptune[36]
Gliese 357 d | Gliese 357 | Template:StarM | ≥6.10 | —  | — | 0.38 | 200 | 55.7 | 31 |
Gliese 229 Ac | Gliese 229 A | Template:StarM | ≥8.57 | —  | — | 0.44 | 216 | 121.9 | 18.8 |
Gliese 514 b | Gliese 514 | Template:StarM | ≥5.20 | —  | — | 0.27 | 202 | 140.4 | 25 | Highly eccentric[37]
Gliese 180 d | Gliese 180 | Template:StarM | ≥7.56 | —  | — | 0.26 |  | 106.3 | 39 | [1]
Gliese 625 b | Gliese 625 | Template:StarM | ≥2.82 | —  | — |  |  | 14.628 | 21.1 | Only in HZ if very optimistic models used[38][39][40]
L 98-59 f | L 98-59 | Template:StarM | ≥2.46 | —  | — | >1 | ~280 | 23.15 | 34.6  | Unconfirmed candidate[41]
Kepler-235e | Kepler-235 | Template:StarK | — | ~2 | — | ~1.32 | ~277 | 46.18 | ~1396  | Likely non-rocky, may or may not be in HZ depending on data source[26][42][43]

## Previous candidates

Some exoplanet candidates detected by radial velocity that were originally thought to be potentially habitable were later found to most likely be artifacts of stellar activity. These include Gliese 581 d & g,[44][45][46] Gliese 667 Ce & f,[24][47] Gliese 682 b & c,[33] Kapteyn b,[48][49] and Gliese 832 c.[50]

HD 85512 b was initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[51][52] but updated models for the boundaries of the habitable zone placed the planet interior to the HZ,[53][54] and it is now considered non-habitable.[1] Kepler-69c has gone through a similar process; though initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[55] it was quickly realized that the planet is more likely to be similar to Venus,[56] and is thus no longer considered habitable.[1] Several other planets, such as Gliese 180 b, also appear to be examples of planets once considered potentially habitable but later found to be interior to the habitable zone.[1]

Similarly, Tau Ceti e and f were initially both considered potentially habitable,[57] but with improved models of the circumstellar habitable zone, as of 2022 PHL does not consider either planet potentially habitable.[1][failed verification] Kepler-438b was also initially considered potentially habitable; however, it was later found to be a subject of powerful flares that can strip a planet of its atmosphere, so it is now considered non-habitable.[1]

K2-3d and K2-18b were originally considered potentially habitable, and the latter remains listed in the HEC,[1] but recent studies have shown them to be gaseous sub-Neptunes and thus unlikely to be habitable.[58][59][60][61][62][63]

KOI-1686.01 was also considered a potentially habitable exoplanet after its detection in 2011, until proven a false positive by NASA in 2015.[64] Several other KOIs, like Kepler-577b and Kepler-1649b, were considered potentially habitable prior to confirmation, but with new data are no longer considered habitable.

## See also

* Astrobiology
* Carbon planet
* Habitable zone
* Comparative planetary science
* Earth analog
* Earth Similarity Index
* Extraterrestrial atmosphere
* Extraterrestrial life
* Extraterrestrial liquid water
* Galactic habitable zone
* Goldilocks principle
* Habitability of red dwarf systems
* Habitability of orange dwarf systems
* Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
* Habitability of natural satellites
* Hypothetical types of biochemistry
* Lists of exoplanets
* List of Kepler exoplanet candidates in the habitable zone
* List of multiplanetary systems
* List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
* List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates
* List of potentially habitable moons
* Habitability of natural satellites
* Ocean world
* Planetary habitability
* Rare Earth hypothesis
* Solar analog
* Space colonization
* Super-Earth
* Superhabitable planet
* Terrestrial planet
* Timeline of astronomical maps, catalogs, and surveys

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 "The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog". University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo. https://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog.
2. ↑ Lammer, H. et al. (2009). "What makes a planet habitable?". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review 17 (2): 181–249. doi:10.1007/s00159-009-0019-z. Bibcode: 2009A&ARv..17..181L. http://veilnebula.jorgejohnson.me/uploads/3/5/8/7/3587678/lammer_et_al_2009_astron_astro_rev-4.pdf. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Méndez, A.; González-Espada, W. (2016). Searching for Habitable Worlds: An Introduction. IOP Concise Physics. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-68174-401-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=bD9iDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
4. ↑ Chen, Jingjing; Kipping, David (2017). "Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds". The Astrophysical Journal 834 (1): 17. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/17. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...834...17C.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Caballero, J. A. et al. (12 June 2019). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 627: A49. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935460. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2019A&A...627A..49Z. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/forth/aa35460-19.pdf.
6. ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7423/teegardens-star-b/.
7. ↑ "Earth-Size, Habitable Zone Planet Found Hidden in Early NASA Kepler Data". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1637/earth-size-habitable-zone-planet-found-hidden-in-early-nasa-kepler-data/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Delrez, Laetitia et al. (9 January 2018). "Early 2017 observations of TRAPPIST-1 with Spitzer". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 475 (3): 3577–3597. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty051. Bibcode: 2018MNRAS.475.3577D.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Grimm, Simon L. et al. (5 February 2018). "The nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets". Astronomy & Astrophysics 613: A68. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732233. Bibcode: 2018A&A...613A..68G.
10. ↑ Astudillo-Defru, Nicola; Forveille, Thierry; Bonfils, Xavier; Ségransan, Damien; Bouchy, François; Delfosse, Xavier et al. (2017). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XLI. A dozen planets around the M dwarfs GJ 3138, GJ 3323, GJ 273, GJ 628, and GJ 3293". Astronomy and Astrophysics 602: A88. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630153. Bibcode: 2017A&A...602A..88A. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/06/aa30153-16/aa30153-16.html.
11. ↑ Delrez, L. et al. (September 2022). "Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics 667: A59. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244041. Bibcode: 2022A&A...667A..59D.
12. ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/3343/k2-72-e/.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Suárez Mascareño, A. et al. (November 2022). "Two temperate Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ 1002". Astronomy & Astrophysics 670: A5. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244991.
14. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-296e". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-296 e&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET.
15. ↑ Kossakowski, D. et al. (January 2023). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star". Astronomy & Astrophysics 670: A84. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245322. Bibcode: 2023A&A...670A..84K.
16. ↑ Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri". Nature 536 (7617): 437–440. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. Bibcode: 2016Natur.536..437A. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19106.
17. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-62f". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-62 f&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET.
18. ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog" (in en). https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/8721/gj-1002-c/.
19. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-452 b". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-452 b&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET.
20. ↑ "Targets of Note: Kepler-452 b". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/kepler452b.html.
21. ↑ Mullally, Fergal; Thompson, Susan E.; Coughlin, Jeffrey L.; Burke, Christopher J.; Rowe, Jason F. (2018). "Kepler's Earth-like Planets Should Not be Confirmed without Independent Detection: The Case of Kepler-452b". The Astronomical Journal 155 (5): 210. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aabae3. Bibcode: 2018AJ....155..210M.
22. ↑ Burke, Christopher J.; Mullally, F.; Thompson, Susan E.; Coughlin, Jeffrey L.; Rowe, Jason F. (2019). "Re-evaluating Small Long-period Confirmed Planets from Kepler". The Astronomical Journal 157 (4): 143. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aafb79. Bibcode: 2019AJ....157..143B.
23. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-62e". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-62 e&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Feroz, F.; Hobson, M. P. (2014). "Bayesian analysis of radial velocity data of GJ667C with correlated noise: evidence for only two planets". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 437 (4): 3540–3549. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2148. Bibcode: 2014MNRAS.437.3540F.
25. ↑ Harakawa, Hiroki et al. (2022). "A super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone around the M4.5 dwarf Ross 508". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 74 (4): 904–922. doi:10.1093/pasj/psac044. Bibcode: 2022PASJ...74..904H.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Torres, Guillermo et al. (2017). "Validation of Small Kepler Transiting Planet Candidates in or near the Habitable Zone". The Astronomical Journal 154 (6): 264. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa984b. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154..264T.
27. ↑ Wenz, John (15 November 2017). "A potentially habitable planet has been discovered just 11 light-years away". Astronomy. http://www2.astronomy.com/news/2017/11/a-potentially-habitable-planet-11-light-years-away.
28. ↑ Schanche, N. et al. (2022). "TOI-2257 b: A highly eccentric long-period sub-Neptune transiting a nearby M dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics 657: A45. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142280. Bibcode: 2022A&A...657A..45S.
29. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-22 b". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-22 b&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET.
30. ↑ "Exoplanet catalog-Exoplanet exploration-Kepler-1701b". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7742/kepler-1701-b/.
31. ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog-Exoplanet exploration-Kepler-1606b". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/2252/kepler-1606-b/.
32. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-9b". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=K2-9 b&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Feng, Fabo et al. (8 January 2020). "Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. II. Detection of Five New Planets, Eight Planet Candidates, and Confirmation of Three Planets around Nine Nearby M Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 246 (1): 11. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab5e7c. Bibcode: 2020ApJS..246...11F.
34. ↑ Díaz, Rodrigo F. et al. (2016). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics 585: A134. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526729. Bibcode: 2016A&A...585A.134D.
35. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: Kepler-296 f". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-296 f&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET.
36. ↑ Cadieux, Charles et al. (October 2023). "New Mass and Radius Constraints on the LHS 1140 Planets -- LHS 1140 b is Either a Temperate Mini-Neptune or a Water World". The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
37. ↑ Damasso, M. et al. (2022), "A quarter century of spectroscopic monitoring of the nearby M dwarf Gl 514", Astronomy & Astrophysics 666: A187, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243522
38. ↑ Suárez Mascareño, A. et al. (2017). "HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. V. A super-Earth on the inner edge of the habitable zone of the nearby M dwarf GJ 625". Astronomy and Astrophysics 605: A92. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730957. Bibcode: 2017A&A...605A..92S. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/09/aa30957-17/aa30957-17.html.
39. ↑ LePage, Andrew (22 May 2017). "Habitable Planet Reality Check: Is GJ 625b a Super-Earth or a Super-Venus?". https://www.drewexmachina.com/2017/05/22/habitable-planet-reality-check-is-gj-625b-a-super-earth-or-a-super-venus/.
40. ↑ "GJ 625". http://hzgallery.org/3417_2.png.
41. ↑ "Comparison of the L 98-59 exoplanet system with the inner Solar System" (in en). https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso2112b/.
42. ↑ "Kepler-235 Overview". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/overview/Kepler-235 e.
43. ↑ "Kepler-235". http://hzgallery.org/3417_2.png.
44. ↑ Robertson, Paul; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Endl, Michael; Roy, Arpita (3 July 2014). "Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581". Science 345 (6195): 440–444. doi:10.1126/science.1253253. PMID 24993348. Bibcode: 2014Sci...345..440R.
45. ↑ Hatzes, A. P. (2016). "Periodic Hαvariations in GL 581: Further evidence for an activity origin to GL 581d". Astronomy & Astrophysics 585: A144. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527135. Bibcode: 2016A&A...585A.144H.
46. ↑ Dodson-Robinson, Sarah E.; Delgado, Victor Ramirez; Harrell, Justin; Haley, Charlotte L. (2022). "Magnitude-squared Coherence: A Powerful Tool for Disentangling Doppler Planet Discoveries from Stellar Activity". The Astronomical Journal 163 (4): 169. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac52ed. Bibcode: 2022AJ....163..169D.
47. ↑ Robertson, Paul; Mahadevan, Suvrath (October 2014). "Disentangling Planets and Stellar Activity for Gliese 667C". The Astrophysical Journal 793 (2): L24. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/793/2/L24. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...793L..24R.
48. ↑ Robertson, Paul (11 May 2015). "Stellar activity mimics a habitable-zone planet around Kapteyn's star". The Astrophysical Journal 805 (2): L22. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/805/2/L22. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...805L..22R.
49. ↑ Bortle, Anna et al. (2021). "A Gaussian Process Regression Reveals No Evidence for Planets Orbiting Kapteyn's Star". The Astronomical Journal 161 (5): 230. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abec89. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161..230B.
50. ↑ Gorrini, P. et al. (2022). "Detailed stellar activity analysis and modelling of GJ 832". Astronomy & Astrophysics 664: A64. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243063.
51. ↑ Kaltenegger, L.; Udry, S.; Pepe, F. (2011). "A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?". arXiv:1108.3561 [astro-ph.EP].
52. ↑ Mendez, Abel (1 August 2012). "Five Potential Habitable Exoplanets Now" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
53. ↑ Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar et al. (2013). "Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates". The Astrophysical Journal 765 (2): 131. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/131. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...765..131K.
54. ↑ Mendez, Abel (29 January 2013). "A New Habitable Zone" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
55. ↑ Barclay, Thomas (2013). "A super-Earth-sized planet orbiting in or near the habitable zone around Sun-like star". The Astrophysical Journal 768 (2): 101. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/101. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...768..101B.
56. ↑ Kane, Stephen R. et al. (2013). "A Potential Super-Venus in the Kepler-69 System". The Astrophysical Journal 770 (2): L20. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/770/2/L20. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...770L..20K.
57. ↑ Mendez, Abel (28 December 2012). "Two Nearby Habitable Worlds?" (Press release). Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
58. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-3d". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=K2-3 d&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET.
59. ↑ "Confirmed Planet Overview Page: K2-18 b". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=K2-18 b&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET.
60. ↑ Garner, Rob (2019-09-11). "Hubble Finds Water Vapor on Habitable-Zone Exoplanet for 1st Time". http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-hubble-finds-water-vapor-on-habitable-zone-exoplanet-for-1st-time.
61. ↑ Damasso, Mario et al. (2018). "Eyes on K2-3: A system of three likely sub-Neptunes characterized with HARPS-N and HARPS". Astronomy and Astrophysics 615: A69. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732459. Bibcode: 2018A&A...615A..69D.
62. ↑ Kosiarek, Molly R. et al. (2019). "Bright Opportunities for Atmospheric Characterization of Small Planets: Masses and Radii of K2-3 b, c, and d and GJ3470 b from Radial Velocity Measurements and Spitzer Transits". The Astronomical Journal 157 (3): 97. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf79c. Bibcode: 2019AJ....157...97K.
63. ↑ Benneke, Björn et al. (2019). "Water Vapor and Clouds on the Habitable-zone Sub-Neptune Exoplanet K2-18b". The Astrophysical Journal 887 (1): L14. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab59dc. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...887L..14B.
64. ↑ "Kepler Candidate Overview Page: KOI-1686.01". NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=KOI-1686.01.

## External links

* "The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog" (PHL/UPR Arecibo)
* Habitable Exoplanets Catalogue ranks alien worlds on suitability for life

* v
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Extraterrestrial life

Events and objects|

* ALH77005
* ALH84001
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* Red rain in Kerala
* Shergotty meteorite
* Viking lander biological experiments
* Yamato 000593

Signals of interest|

| Misidentified|

* CP 1919 (misidentified pulsar)
* CTA-102 (misidentified quasar)

|

Stars|

* KIC 8462852 (unusual light fluctuations)
* EPIC 204278916 (unusual light fluctuations)
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* HD 164595 signal (unknown origin)

Other|

* SHGb02+14a (radio source)
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Life in the Universe|

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Planetary
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* Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems
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Hypotheses|

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* Astrobiology
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* Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
* Noogenesis
* San Marino Scale
* Technosignature
* UFO religion
* Xenoarchaeology

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Exoplanetology

* Planet
* Definition
* IAU
* Planetary science

Main topics|

* Exoplanet
* Methods of detecting exoplanets
* Planetary system

Sizes
and types|

| Terrestrial|

* Carbon planet
* Coreless planet
* Desert planet
* Dwarf planet
* Ice planet
* Iron planet
* Lava planet
* Mega-Earth
* Ocean planet
* Sub-Earth
* Super-Earth

|

Gaseous|

* Eccentric Jupiter
* Gas dwarf
* Helium planet
* Hot Jupiter
* Hot Neptune
* Ice giant
* Mini-Neptune
* Super-Neptune
* Super-Jupiter

Other types|

* Brown dwarf
* Chthonian planet
* Circumbinary planet
* Disrupted planet
* Double planet
* Eyeball planet
* Mesoplanet
* Planemo
* Planet/Brown dwarf boundary
* Planetesimal
* Protoplanet
* Pulsar planet
* Sub-brown dwarf
* Ultra-cool dwarf
* Ultra-short period planets (USP)

Formation
and evolution|

* Accretion
* Accretion disk
* Asteroid belt
* Circumplanetary disk
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* Circumstellar envelope
* Cosmic dust
* Debris disk
* Detached object
* Disrupted planet
* Excretion disk
* Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer
* Exozodiacal dust
* Extraterrestrial materials
* Extraterrestrial sample curation
* Giant-impact hypothesis
* Gravitational collapse
* Hills cloud
* Interplanetary dust cloud
* Interplanetary medium
* Interplanetary space
* Interstellar cloud
* Interstellar dust
* Interstellar medium
* Interstellar space
* Kuiper belt
* List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
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* Oort cloud
* Outer space
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* Planetesimal
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* Ring system
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* Scattered disc
* Star formation

Systems|

* Exocomet
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* Interstellar comet
* Mean-motion resonances
* Retrograde planet
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* Tidally detached exomoon
* Titius–Bode laws
* Trojan planet

Host stars|

* A
* B
* Binary star
* Brown dwarfs
* Extragalactic planet
* F/Yellow-white dwarfs
* G/Yellow dwarfs
* Herbig Ae/Be
* K/Orange dwarfs
* M/Red dwarfs
* Planets in globular clusters
* Pulsar
* Red giant
* Subdwarf B
* Subgiant
* T Tauri
* White dwarfs
* Yellow giants

Detection|

* Astrometry
* Direct imaging
* list
* Microlensing
* list
* Polarimetry
* Pulsar timing
* list
* Radial velocity
* list
* Transit method
* list
* Transit-timing variation

Habitability|

* Astrobiology
* Circumstellar habitable zone
* Earth analog
* Extraterrestrial liquid water
* Habitability of natural satellites
* Superhabitable planet

Catalogues|

* Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems
* Exoplanet Data Explorer
* Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
* NASA Exoplanet Archive
* NASA Star and Exoplanet Database

Lists|

* Exoplanetary systems
* Host stars
* Multiplanetary systems
* Stars with proplyds
* Exoplanets
* Lists of exoplanets
* Discoveries
* Extremes
* Firsts
* Nearest
* Largest
* Most massive
* Terrestrial candidates
* Kepler
* Potentially habitable
* Discovered exoplanets by year
* before 2000
* 2000–2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019

Other|

* Carl Sagan Institute
* Exoplanet phase curves
* Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
* Planets in science fiction
* Sudarsky's gas giant classification

* Discoveries of exoplanets
* Search projects

* v
* t
* e

Astrobiology

Disciplines|

* Astrochemistry
* Astrophysics
* Atmospheric sciences
* Biochemistry
* Evolutionary biology
* Exoplanetology
* Geomicrobiology
* Microbiology
* Paleontology
* Planetary science

Main topics|

* Abiogenesis
* Allan Hills 84001
* Biomolecule
* Biosignature
* Drake equation
* Earliest known life forms
* Earth analog
* Extraterrestrial life
* Extraterrestrial sample curation
* Extremophiles
* Hypothetical types of biochemistry
* List of microorganisms tested in outer space
* Molecules detected in outer space
* Ocean planet
* Origin of life
* Panspermia
* Planetary protection
* Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)
* Yamato meteorite

Planetary
habitability|

* Habitability of binary star systems
* Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
* Habitability of natural satellites
* Habitability of red dwarf systems
* Circumstellar habitable zone
* Earth analog
* List of potentially habitable exoplanets
* Tholin
* Extraterrestrial liquid water
* Galactic habitable zone
* Superhabitable planet

Space
missions|

| Earth orbit|

* BIO
* BIOCORE
* Biolab
* Bion
* BIOPAN
* Biosatellite program
* E-MIST
* ERA
* CROPIS
* EXOSTACK
* EXPOSE
* Lunar Micro Ecosystem
* O/OREOS
* OREOcube
* Tanpopo
* VEGGIE

|

Mars|

* Beagle 2
* ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
* Fobos-Grunt
* Mars Science Laboratory
* Curiosity
* Phoenix
* Viking

Comets and
asteroids|

* Hayabusa2
* OSIRIS-REx
* Rosetta

Planned|

* BioSentinel
* Dragonfly
* Europa Clipper
* ExoMars
* Rosalind Franklin rover
* Kazachock lander
* Mars 2020 rover
* HX-1

Proposed|

* CAESAR
* Enceladus Explorer
* Enceladus Life Finder‎
* Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability
* Europa Lander
* ExoLance
* Explorer of Enceladus and Titan
* Icebreaker Life
* Journey to Enceladus and Titan
* Laplace-P
* Life Investigation For Enceladus
* Mars sample return mission
* Oceanus
* THEO
* Trident

Cancelled and
undeveloped|

* Astrobiology Field Laboratory
* Beagle 3
* Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
* Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment
* Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher
* MELOS
* Northern Light
* Red Dragon
* Terrestrial Planet Finder

Institutions
and programs|

* Astrobiology Society of Britain
* Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets
* Breakthrough Initiatives
* Breakthrough Listen
* Breakthrough Message
* Breakthrough Starshot
* Carl Sagan Institute
* Center for Life Detection Science
* European Astrobiology Network Association
* NASA Astrobiology Institute
* Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
* Ocean Worlds Exploration Program
* Spanish Astrobiology Center‎

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