List of proposed Solar System spacecraft

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This is a list of proposed spacecraft that are planned to focus on the exploration of the Solar System, ordered by date of spacecraft launch.

## Contents

* 1 Planned or scheduled
* 2 Long-term proposals
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Planned or scheduled

Mission name  | Launch date  | Description  | Ref(s)

|
|
|

IM-1 | Lunar lander  | [1][2]
Chang'e 6 | Lunar south pole sample return mission  | [3][4]
Blue Ghost M1  | Lunar lander  | [5][6]
MMX | Martian moon sample return mission  | [7][8][9]
Europa Clipper | Jupiter orbiter, Europa multiple flyby  | [10][11][12]
Hera | Asteroid 65803 Didymos rendezvous  | [13]
VIPER | Lunar rover  | [14][15][16]
Rocket Lab Venus Probe  | Venus atmospheric probe  | [17]
DESTINY+ | Asteroid 3200 Phaethon flyby  | [18][19]
Tera-hertz Explorer | Mars orbiter and lander  | [20][21]
Tianwen-2 | Asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa sample return, comet 311P/PanSTARRS orbiter  | [22]
Artemis II | 4-person lunar flyby  | [23][24]
Artemis III  | September 2026  | 4-person lunar flyby, 2-person lunar landing  | [23][25]
Chang'e 7 | Lunar south pole lander, rover and flying probe  | [26]
Luna 26 | Lunar orbiter  | [27]
Dragonfly | Titan rotorcraft lander  | [28][29]
Luna 27 | Lunar lander  | [27]
Tianwen-3 | Mars sample return mission  | [30]
DAVINCI | June 2029  | Venus orbiter and atmospheric probe  | [31]
Tianwen-4 | Jupiter and Callisto Orbiter, Uranus flyby  | [32][33]
Comet Interceptor | Flyby of an Oort Cloud comet  | [34][35][36]
VERITAS | 2029  | Venus orbiter  | [31]
Luna 28 | Lunar sample return mission  | [37]

## Long-term proposals

Mission name  | Preliminary launch date estimate  | Description  | Ref(s)

|
|
|

Estimated launch date  | Estimate by  | Estimate as of
Hakuto-R Mission 2 | ispace | 2019  | Private lunar lander and rover  | [38]
Shukrayaan-1 | SpaceNews  | 2020  | Venus orbiter  | [39]
Mars Orbiter Mission 2 | Business Standard  | 2019  | Mars orbiter  | [40]
Europa Lander | SpaceNews  | 2019  | Europa lander  | [41][42]
Orel spacecraft  | RIA Novosti  | 2018  | Uncrewed lunar orbit  | [43][44]
NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return | The Space Review  | 2020  | Mars sample return mission  | [45]
ExoMars | European Space Agency | 2022  | Rosalind Franklin, Mars rover  | [46][47][48]
Venera-D | Russian Space Research Institute | 2021  | Venus orbiter and lander  | [49]

## See also

* Timeline of Solar System exploration
* List of proposed space observatories

## References

1. ↑ Foust, Jeff (19 December 2023). "Intuitive Machines delays first lunar lander launch to February". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/intuitive-machines-delays-first-lunar-lander-launch-to-february/.
2. ↑ "Intuitive Machines Sets January 2024 for Historic U.S. Lunar Mission". Intuitive Machines (Press release). 27 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
3. ↑ China N' Asia Spaceflight [@CNSpaceflight] (24 November 2022). "Update:
2024 Queqiao-2 data relay
2025 Chang'e-6 lunar sample return from far side
2026 Chang'e-7 lunar landing in south pole
2028 Chang'e-8 basic model of lunar research station". https://twitter.com/CNSpaceflight/status/1595758500977971201.
4. ↑ "China aims to launch Chang'e-6 lunar probe around 2024". Xinhua News Agency. 2021-04-24. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-04/24/c_139903600.htm. "China aims to launch the Chang'e-6 probe to collect samples in the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon around 2024, said a space expert on Saturday."
5. ↑ Alamalhoadei, Aria (6 November 2023). "Firefly’s Blue Ghost lander represents a big bet on a future lunar economy". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/06/fireflys-blue-ghost-lander-represents-a-big-bet-on-a-future-lunar-economy/.
6. ↑ "Firefly Completes Integration Readiness Review of its Blue Ghost Lunar Lander". Firefly Aerospace. 26 April 2022. https://firefly.com/firefly-has-completed-the-integration-readiness-review-irr-of-blue-ghost-m1/.
7. ↑ "Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=MMX-MARS.
8. ↑ Yamakawa, Hiroshi; Le Gall, Jean-Yves; Ehrenfreund, Pascale; Dittus, Hansjörg (October 3, 2018). "Joint Statement with Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and German Aerospace Center (DLR) regarding Martian Moons eXploration" (PDF) (Press release). JAXA. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
9. ↑ "Mission Overview・Mission Flow" (in en). http://mmx.isas.jaxa.jp/en/mission/.
10. ↑ "Europa Clipper". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=EUROPA-CL.
11. ↑ Foust, Jeff (10 February 2021). "NASA to use commercial launch vehicle for Europa Clipper". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/nasa-to-use-commercial-launch-vehicle-for-europa-clipper/.
12. ↑ "Cost growth prompts changes to Europa Clipper instruments" (in en-US). 2020-07-10. https://spacenews.com/cost-growth-prompts-changes-to-europa-clipper-instruments/. "Chodas said that Europa Clipper now has a launch readiness date of 2024, a year later than plans announced last year."
13. ↑ "Industry starts work on Europe's Hera planetary defence mission". ESA. 15 September 2020. https://www.esa.int/Safety_Security/Hera/Industry_starts_work_on_Europe_s_Hera_planetary_defence_mission.
14. ↑ "Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER)". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=VIPER.
15. ↑ Loff, Sarah (2019-10-23). "New VIPER Lunar Rover to Map Water Ice on the Moon". http://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-viper-lunar-rover-to-map-water-ice-on-the-moon.
16. ↑ Colaprete, Anthony (17 August 2020). "VIPER: A lunar water reconnaissance mission". NASA. https://science.nasa.gov/science-pink/s3fs-public/atoms/files/09-Colaprete-VIPER Overview for PAC 08172020.pdf.
17. ↑ Foust, Jeff (31 October 2023). "Rocket Lab plans launch of Venus mission as soon as late 2024". SpaceNews.com. https://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-plans-late-2024-launch-of-venus-mission/.
18. ↑ Kuninaka, Hitoshi (19 May 2020). "宇宙科学ミッション打上げ計画について" (in ja). JAXA. https://www.jaxa.jp/press/2020/05/files/20200519-1.pdf#page=7.
19. ↑ "DESTINY+: Deep Space Exploration Technology Demonstrator and Explorer to Asteroid 3200 Phaethon". 2017-08-15. http://www.lcpm12.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/1415-1435-Toyota.pdf.
20. ↑ Takeshi Kuroda, Yasuko Kasai, Shinichi Nakasuka, Hiroyuki Maezawa, Takayoshi Yamada, Ryohei Takahashi: TEREX-1: A micro-satellite terahertz lander for the exploration of water/oxygen resources on Mars. 43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Abstract B0.5-0006-21 (oral), id.223, January 2021.
21. ↑ Kasai, Yasuko (13 June 2018). "Tera-hertz Explorer, TEREX, Mission". University of Tsukuba. NICT. https://www2.ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp/Astro/assets/doc/uchu-forum-2018-06-13-kasai.pdf.
22. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2022-05-18). "China to launch Tianwen 2 asteroid-sampling mission in 2025" (in en). https://www.space.com/china-tianwen2-asteroid-sampling-mission-2025-launch.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Tingley, Brett (9 January 2024). "Astronauts won't walk on the moon until 2026 after NASA delays next 2 Artemis missions". https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-2-moon-mission-delay-september-2025.
24. ↑ "NASA's Artemis 2 mission set for November 2024". Phys.org. 7 March 2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-03-nasa-artemis-mission-moon-november.html.
25. ↑ "Artemis III Launch - NASA" (in en-US). https://www.nasa.gov/event/artemis-iii-launch/.
26. ↑ Jones, Andrew (5 August 2020). "China is moving ahead with lunar south pole and near-Earth asteroid missions". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/china-is-moving-ahead-with-lunar-south-pole-and-near-earth-asteroid-missions/.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Ученый сообщил об активном ходе работ по импортозамещению комплектующих "Луны-27"" (in ru). TASS. 19 July 2023. https://tass.ru/kosmos/18307283.
28. ↑ "Dragonfly". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=DRAGONFLY.
29. ↑ "NASA New Frontiers 5: Third Community Announcement". NASA Science Mission Directorate. 2021-05-12. https://newfrontiers.larc.nasa.gov/NF5/. "The launch date for Dragonfly, the fourth mission in the New Frontiers Program, has been delayed to June 2027."
30. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2022-06-20). "China aims to bring Mars samples to Earth 2 years before NASA, ESA mission" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/china-aims-to-bring-mars-samples-to-earth-2-years-before-nasa-esa-mission/.
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "NASA Selects 2 Missions to Study ‘Lost Habitable’ World of Venus - NASA" (in en-US). https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-2-missions-to-study-lost-habitable-world-of-venus/.
32. ↑ CNSA Watcher [@CNSAWatcher] (23 December 2023). "Tianwen-4, launching Sept 2029, will journey to Jupiter using Venus & Earth gravity assists. Targeting Jupiter capture by Dec 2035 & a Uranus flyby in March 2045, the mission includes 2 probes, one exploring Jupiter's system and another flying by Uranus.". https://twitter.com/CNSAWatcher/status/1738469749179171088.
33. ↑ Andrew Jones published (2022-09-22). "China wants to probe Uranus and Jupiter with 2 spacecraft on one rocket" (in en). https://www.space.com/china-probes-jupiter-uranus-same-launch.
34. ↑ "Ariel moves from blueprint to reality". ESA. 12 November 2020. https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Ariel_moves_from_blueprint_to_reality.
35. ↑ "ESA's new mission to intercept a comet" (in en-GB). http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/ESA_s_new_mission_to_intercept_a_comet.
36. ↑ "Comet Interceptor" (in en-GB). http://www.cometinterceptor.space/.
37. ↑ @katlinegrey (11 August 2023). "Yuri Borisov: Roscosmos plans to launch #Luna26 in 2027, Luna-27 - in 2028, and Luna-28 - in 2030 or later. After that, the next goal will be a crewed mission to the Moon.". https://twitter.com/katlinegrey/status/1689922853607550976.
38. ↑ "ispace alters Moon mission timelines for greater response to customer needs". NASASpaceFlight.com. 23 August 2019. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/ispace-moon-mission-timelines-greater-response-customer/.
39. ↑ Mehta, Jatan (2020-11-19). "India's Shukrayaan orbiter to study Venus for over four years, launches in 2024". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/indias-shukrayaan-orbiter-to-study-venus-for-over-four-years-launches-in-2024/.
40. ↑ "What is Mars Orbiter Mission or Mangalyaan". Business Standard India. https://www.business-standard.com/about/what-is-mangalyaan. "ISRO now plans to develop and launch a follow-up mission called Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM-2 or Mangalyaan-2) in 2024."
41. ↑ "In Depth | Europa Lander". https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/europa-lander/in-depth.
42. ↑ "Final fiscal year 2019 budget bill secures $21.5 billion for NASA" (in en-US). 2019-02-17. https://spacenews.com/final-fiscal-year-2019-budget-bill-secures-21-5-billion-for-nasa/.
43. ↑ ""Федерация" без экипажа сможет облететь Луну в 2026 году" (in ru). РИА Новости. 2018-12-07. https://ria.ru/20181207/1547637941.html. "Российский корабль "Федерация" без экипажа на борту впервые может облететь Луну в 2026 году [The Russian Federation spaceship without a crew on board may first fly around the moon in 2026]"
44. ↑ "Russia plans to land humans on the Moon in 2031". 20 November 2016. https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/roscosmos/russia-plans-to-land-humans-on-the-moon-in-2031/.
45. ↑ "The Space Review: Taking on the challenge of Mars sample return". 2020-04-27. https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3930/1.
46. ↑ "ExoMars 2022". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=EXOMARS22.
47. ↑ "ExoMars Mission (2022)" (in en-GB). http://exploration.esa.int/mars/48088-mission-overview/.
48. ↑ "ExoMars official says launch unlikely before 2028" (in en-US). 2022-05-03. https://spacenews.com/exomars-official-says-launch-unlikely-before-2028/.
49. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (5 March 2021). "New promise for the Venera-D project". RussianSpaceWeb. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/venera-d-2021.html. Retrieved 7 March 2021.

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