List of red dwarfs

Short description: none

This is a list of exceptional red dwarfs.

## Contents

* 1 List of titleholding red dwarf stars
* 1.1 List of red dwarf firsts
* 1.2 List of red dwarf extremes
* 2 List of named red dwarfs
* 3 List of nearest red dwarfs
* 4 List of least voluminous red dwarfs
* 4.1 Timeline of smallest red dwarf recordholders
* 5 See also
* 6 References

## List of titleholding red dwarf stars

This is a list of red dwarfs that currently hold records.

### List of red dwarf firsts

Firsts  Record Title  | Star  | Date  | Data  | Notes  |

|
|
|
|
|

First discovered | Lacaille 8760 | 1753  |  | Originally listed in a 1763 catalog that was published posthumously by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille.

Further information: § List of the earliest red dwarfs discovered

| [1]
First discovered with planet(s)  | Gliese 876 | 1998  | Gliese 876 b |

See also: List of exoplanet firsts

The Jovian planet was the first discovered around a red dwarf.

| [2][3]
First discovered with giant planet(s)  | Gliese 876 | 1998  | Gliese 876 b | The giant planet was the first planet discovered around a red dwarf.  | [2][3]
First discovered with terrestrial planet(s)  | Kepler-42
(KOI-961) | 2012  | KOI-961 b
KOI-961 c
KOI-961 d | 3 terrestrial planets were discovered around KOI-961 in 2012, the first terrestrial planets found to orbit a red dwarf.  | [4]

### List of red dwarf extremes

Extremes  Record Title  | Star  | Date  | Data  | Notes  | References

|
|
|
|
|

Least voluminous | EBLM J0555-57Ab  | 2017  | r= 59,000 km (37,000 mi)  |

Further information: § List of least voluminous red dwarfs

| [5]
Most voluminous | Sz74  | 2017  | 3.13±0.72 R☉ |

Further information: § List of most voluminous red dwarfs

| [6]
Least massive | 2MASS J0523-1403 | 2015  | 67.54±12.79 MJ |

Further information: § List of least massive red dwarfs

Most massive | Kepler-80 | 2012  | 0.73 M☉ |

Further information: § List of most massive red dwarfs

| [7]
Least distant | Proxima Centauri | 1917  | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc)  |

Further information: § List of nearest red dwarfs

This is also known as Alpha Centauri C and is a member of the α Cen trinary system. It is the nearest neighbouring star to the Sun.

| [8]
Most distant | UDF 3561 | 2010  | 202,000 ly

(62,000 pc)

Further information: § List of furthest red dwarfs

| [9]
Least luminous | 2MASS J0523-1403 |  |  |

Further information: § List of least luminous red dwarfs

| [10]
Most luminous |  |  |  |

Further information: § List of most luminous red dwarfs

Dimmest | UDF 2457 |  | V= 25  |

Further information: § List of dimmest red dwarfs

| [11]
Brightest | Lacaille 8760 |  | V= 6.69  |

Further information: § List of brightest red dwarfs

Also called AX Microscopii. This is the 24th closest star to the Sun, and also intrinsically luminous for red dwarfs, having spectral class M0.

| [12][13]
Youngest | See T Tauri star |  |  |

Further information: § List of youngest red dwarfs

Oldest | See cool subdwarfs |  |  |

Further information: § List of oldest red dwarfs

## List of named red dwarfs

This is a list of red dwarfs with names that are not systematically designated.

Star  | Naming  | Notes  |

|
|
|

Proxima Centauri | Named for being the closest neighbouring star to Earth's Sun  | Lies within the Alpha Centauri star system  | [8]
Barnard's Star | Named after its discoverer, E. E. Barnard  | Second closest neighbouring star system to Earth, after α Cen. Also the star with the highest proper motion.  | [14]
van Biesbroeck's star | Named for its discoverer, George van Biesbroeck  | Was once the least luminous, and, lowest mass, known star.  | [15]
Kapteyn's star | Named for the astronomer who discovered it had gone missing, Jacobus Kapteyn  | Was once the star with the highest proper motion, thus making it move away from its recorded position in the sky and go "missing".  | [14]
Teegarden's Star | Named after the lead investigator astrophysicist who discovered it, Bonnard J. Teegarden, through a datacrunching search of archived data.  |

## List of nearest red dwarfs

| Star  | Distance
ly (pc) | Notes  |

|
|
|
|

1  | Proxima Centauri | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc)  | Part of the α Cen trinary system, the closest neighbouring star system. It is also the nearest neighbouring star.  | [8]
2  | Barnard's Star | 5.95 ly (1.82 pc)  | Second closest neighbouring star system  | [16]
3  | Wolf 359 | 7.86 ly (2.41 pc)  | Also called CN Leonis |
4  | Lalande 21185 | 8.3 ly (2.5 pc)  |  |
5  | Luyten 726-8 | 8.7 ly (2.7 pc)  | This is a binary star system with two red dwarfs  |
6  | Ross 154 | 9.68 ly (2.97 pc)  |

## List of least voluminous red dwarfs

| Star  | Radius
Solar radii
(Sun = 1) | Radius
Jupiter radii
(Jupiter = 1) | Radius

(mi)  | Notes  |

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | EBLM J0555-57Ab | 0.084  | 0.84  | 59,000 km (37,000 mi)  | This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn.  | [17][18][19]
2  | 2MASS J0523-1403 | 0.086  | 0.86  | 60,000 km (37,000 mi)  |  | [20][21][22]

### Timeline of smallest red dwarf recordholders

This is a list of titleholders of being the red dwarf with the smallest volume, and its succession over time.

List of smallest red dwarf titleholders Star  | Date  | Radius
Solar radii
(Sun = 1) | Radius
Jupiter radii
(Jupiter = 1) | Radius

(mi)  | Notes  |

|
|
|
|
|
|

EBLM J0555-57Ab | 2017-- | 0.084  | 0.84  | 59,000 km (37,000 mi)  | This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn.  | [17][18][19]
2MASS J0523-1403 | 2013-2017 | 0.086  | 0.86  | 60,000 km (37,000 mi)  |  | [20][21][22]
OGLE-TR-122B | 2005-2013 | 0.120  | 1.16  | 81,100 km (50,400 mi)  |  | [23][24][25]

## See also

* List of least massive stars
* List of brown dwarfs
* Lists of stars

## References

1. ↑ Croswell, Ken (July 2003), "The Brightest Red Dwarf", Sky & Telescope: 32, http://www.kencroswell.com/thebrightestreddwarf.html, retrieved 2019-08-31.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Marietta DiChristina (September 1998). "Other Worlds". Popular Science: 77–79.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Mayor, Michel; Perrier, Christian; Naef, Dominique; Queloz, Didier (1998). "The closest extrasolar planet. A giant planet around the M4 dwarf GL 876". Astronomy and Astrophysics 338: L67–L70. Bibcode: 1998A&A...338L..67D.
4. ↑ Deborah Williams-Hedges (13 January 2012). "Tiny planet triplets orbit dwarf star". Futurity. http://www.futurity.org/tiny-planet-triplets-orbit-dwarf-star/.
5. ↑ von Boetticher, Alexander; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Queloz, Didier; Gill, Sam; Lendl, Monika; Delrez, Laetitia; Anderson, David R.; Cameron, Andrew Collier et al. (August 2017). "The EBLM project III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics 604: L6. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. ISSN 0004-6361. http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.08781.
6. ↑ Alcalá, J. M. et al. (April 2017), "X-shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects in Lupus. Accretion properties of class II and transitional objects", Astronomy & Astrophysics 600: 42, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629929, A20, Bibcode: 2017A&A...600A..20A.
7. ↑ Martin, Pierre-Yves (2023). "Planet Kepler-80 b" (in en). Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/kepler_80_b--1160/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 I.S. Glass (2007). "The Discovery of the Nearest Star". Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa 66 (11 and 12): 244–262. December 2007. Bibcode: 2007MNSSA..66..244G.
9. ↑ Kilic, Mukremin; Gianninas, Alexandros; von Hippel, Ted (2013-08-19). "Moving Objects in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 774 (1): 88. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/774/1/88. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...774...88K. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/88.
10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `:0`
11. ↑ "SKY-MAP.ORG - Interactive Sky Map". http://www.wikisky.org/?ra=3.5441034&de=-27.80278&zoom=15&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=1&show_galaxies=1&show_box=1&box_ra=3.5441034&box_de=-27.80278&box_width=50&box_height=50&img_source=IMG_all.
12. ↑ Ken Croswell (July 2002). "The Brightest Red Dwarf". Sky and Telescope: 38. http://kencroswell.com/thebrightestreddwarf.html.
13. ↑ David Tytell (2013). Lalande 21185: The Brightest Red Dwarf for the Rest of Us. http://www.skyandtelescope.com/wp-content/uploads/Lalande+21185+Sidebar.pdf.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Liz Kruesi (28 November 2005). "The discoverers of Kapteyn's Star". Astronomy Magazine. January 2006. http://www.astronomy.com/magazine/2005/11/the-discoverers-of-kapteyns-star.
15. ↑ Peter van de Kamp (April 1953). "Stars Nearer than Five Parsecs". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 65 (383): 73–77. doi:10.1086/126538. Bibcode: 1953PASP...65...73V.
16. ↑ "Barnard's star | Distance, Facts, & Planet". https://www.britannica.com/place/Barnards-star.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Eric Mack (11 July 2017). "Saturn-sized star is the smallest ever discovered". cnet. https://www.cnet.com/news/smallest-star-eblm-j0555-57ab-space-alien-life-cambridge-trappist-1/.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Smallest-ever star discovered by astronomers". University of Cambridge. 2017. https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/smallest-ever-star-discovered-by-astronomers.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Alexander von Boetticher; Amaury H.M.J. Triaud; Didier Queloz; Sam Gill; Monika Lendl; Laetitia Delrez; David R. Anderson; Andrew Collier Cameron et al. (12 June 2017). "The EBLM project; III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics 604 (6): L6. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. EBLM_III. Bibcode: 2017A&A...604L...6V.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Garmany, Katy. "NOAO/SOAR: Where do stars end and brown dwarfs begin?". National Optical Astronomy Observatory. http://www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1311.php.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 John Bochanski (23 December 2013). "New Cutoff for Star Sizes". Sky and Telescope. http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/new-cutoff-for-star-sizes/.
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Sergio B. Dieterich; Todd J. Henry; Wei-Chun Jao; Jennifer G. Winters; Altonio D. Hosey; Adric R. Riedel; John P. Subasavage (May 2014). "The Solar Neighborhood XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal 147 (5): 25. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. 94. Bibcode: 2014AJ....147...94D.
23. ↑ Robert Roy Britt (3 March 2005). "Newfound Star Smaller than Some Planets". Space.com. http://www.space.com/840-newfound-star-smaller-planets.html.
24. ↑ "What is the smallest star?". SpaceAnswers.com. 22 March 2013. http://www.spaceanswers.com/deep-space/what-is-the-smallest-star/.
25. ↑ Pont, F.; Melo, C. H. F.; Bouchy, F.; Udry, S.; Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Santos, N. C. (27 January 2005). "A planet-sized transiting star around OGLE-TR-122. Accurate mass and radius near the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy and Astrophysics 433 (2): L21–L24. April 2005. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500025. Bibcode: 2005A&A...433L..21P.

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Stars

Formation|

* Accretion
* Molecular cloud
* Bok globule
* Young stellar object
* Protostar
* Pre-main-sequence
* Herbig Ae/Be
* T Tauri
* FU Orionis
* Herbig–Haro object
* Hayashi track
* Henyey track

Evolution|

* Main sequence
* Red-giant branch
* Horizontal branch
* Red clump
* Asymptotic giant branch
* Blue loop
* Protoplanetary nebula
* Planetary nebula
* PG1159
* Dredge-up
* Instability strip
* Luminous blue variable
* Blue straggler
* Stellar population
* Supernova
* Superluminous supernova / Hypernova

Spectral
classification|

* Early
* Late
* Main sequence
* O
* B
* A
* F
* G
* K
* M
* Brown dwarf
* WR
* OB
* Subdwarf
* O
* B
* Subgiant
* Giant
* Blue
* Red
* Yellow
* Bright giant
* Supergiant
* Blue
* Red
* Yellow
* Hypergiant
* Yellow
* Carbon
* S
* CN
* CH
* White dwarf
* Chemically peculiar
* Am
* Ap/Bp
* HgMn
* Helium-weak
* Barium
* Extreme helium
* Lambda Boötis
* Lead
* Technetium
* Be
* Shell
* B[e]

Remnants|

* White dwarf
* Helium planet
* Black dwarf
* Neutron
* Radio-quiet
* Pulsar
* Binary
* X-ray
* Magnetar
* Stellar black hole
* X-ray binary
* Burster

Hypothetical|

* Blue dwarf
* Green
* Black dwarf
* Exotic
* Boson
* Electroweak
* Strange
* Preon
* Planck
* Dark
* Dark-energy
* Quark
* Q
* Black
* Gravastar
* Frozen
* Quasi-star
* Thorne–Żytkow object
* Iron
* Blitzar

Stellar
nucleosynthesis|

* Deuterium burning
* Lithium burning
* Proton–proton chain
* CNO cycle
* Helium flash
* Triple-alpha process
* Alpha process
* Carbon burning
* Neon burning
* Oxygen burning
* Silicon burning
* S-process
* R-process
* Fusor
* Nova
* Symbiotic
* Remnant
* Luminous red nova

Structure|

* Core
* Convection zone
* Microturbulence
* Oscillations
* Radiation zone
* Atmosphere
* Photosphere
* Starspot
* Chromosphere
* Corona
* Stellar wind
* Bubble
* Bipolar outflow
* Accretion disk
* Asteroseismology
* Helioseismology
* Eddington luminosity
* Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism

Properties|

* Designation
* Dynamics
* Effective temperature
* Luminosity
* Kinematics
* Magnetic field
* Absolute magnitude
* Mass
* Metallicity
* Rotation
* Starlight
* Variable
* Photometric system
* Color index
* Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
* Color–color diagram

Star systems|

* Binary
* Contact
* Common envelope
* Eclipsing
* Symbiotic
* Multiple
* Cluster
* Open
* Globular
* Super
* Planetary system

Earth-centric
observations|

* Sun
* Solar System
* Sunlight
* Pole star
* Circumpolar
* Constellation
* Asterism
* Magnitude
* Apparent
* Extinction
* Photographic
* Radial velocity
* Proper motion
* Parallax
* Photometric-standard

Lists|

* Proper names
* Arabic
* Chinese
* Extremes
* Most massive
* Highest temperature
* Largest volume
* Smallest volume
* Brightest
* Historical
* Most luminous
* Nearest
* Nearest bright
* With exoplanets
* Brown dwarfs
* White dwarfs
* Milky Way novae
* Supernovae
* Candidates
* Remnants
* Planetary nebulae
* Timeline of stellar astronomy

Related articles|

* Substellar object
* Brown dwarf
* Sub-brown dwarf
* Planet
* Galactic year
* Galaxy
* Guest
* Gravity
* Intergalactic
* Starfield
* Tidal disruption event

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