List of solar telescopes

Short description: none

This is a list of solar telescopes built in various countries around the world. A solar telescope is a specialized telescope that is used to observe the Sun.

This list contains ground-based professional observatory telescopes at optical wavelengths in chronological order. Solar telescopes often have multiple focal lengths, and use a various combination of mirrors such as coelostats, lenses, and tubes for instruments including spectrographs, cameras, or coronagraphs. There are many types of instruments that have been designed to observe Earth's Sun, for example, in the 20th century solar towers were common.

## Contents

* 1 Ground telescopes
* 1.1 Optical telescopes
* 1.2 Potential future optical telescopes
* 1.3 Radio telescopes
* 2 Other types of solar telescopes
* 3 Further reading
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Ground telescopes

### Optical telescopes

Name/Observatory  | Image  | Aperture | Year(s)  | Location  | Country(s)  | Note(s)

|
|
|
|
|
|

Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) |  | 400 cm | 2019– | Haleakalā, Maui, Hawaii, United States |  United States | [1][2][3][4]
Chinese Large Solar Telescope (CLST) |  | 180 cm | 2019– | Chengdu, Sichuan, China |  China | First light 10 December 2019[5]
GREGOR, Teide Observatory |  | 150 cm | 2012– | Tenerife, Spain |  Germany | [6]
Goode Solar Telescope (GST), Big Bear Solar Observatory |  | 160 cm | 2008– | California , United States |  United States |
New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), Yunnan Astronomical Observatory |  | 100 cm | 2010– | Yunnan, China |  China | 100 cm vacuum solar telescope[7]
Andrei Severny Tower Solar Telescope, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory |  | 90 cm | 1954– | Crimea |  |
Multi-Purpose Automated Solar Telescope, Sayan Solar Observatory |  | 80 cm |  | Mondy, Republic of Buryatia, Russia |  Russia | Located in the mountains at 2000m altitude.[8]
Large Solar Vakuum Telescope, Baikal Astrophysical Observatory |  | 76 cm | 1980– | Irkutsk Oblast, Russia |  Russia | Located on the Coast of Lake Baikal.[8]
Optical and Near-Infrared Solar Eruption Tracer (ONSET), School of Astronomy & Space Science, Nanjing University |  | 3x27,5 cm | 2010– | Nanjing, China |  China | The ONSET consists of four tubes: (1) a near-infrared vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (2) a chromospheric vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (3) a WL vacuum tube, with an aperture of 20 cm and (4) a guiding tube.[9]
Bulgarian 15-cm Solar Coronagraph,[10] Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory Bulgaria |  | 100 cm | 2005– | Rozhen, Bulgaria |  Bulgaria |
Swedish Solar Telescope (SST), Roque de los Muchachos Observatory |  | 100 cm | 2002– | La Palma, Spain |  Sweden | [11]
Prairie View Solar Observatory (PVSO)[12] |  | 35 cm | 1999– | Texas , United States |  United States |
Upgraded Coronal Multi-Channel Polarimeter (UCOMP)  |  | 20 cm | 2021– | Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States |  United States |
K-Coronagraph (K-COR) |  | 20 cm | 2013– | Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States |  United States |
Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), Roque de los Muchachos Observatory |  | 45 cm | 1997– | La Palma, Spain |  Netherlands |
THÉMIS Solar Telescope, Teide Observatory |  | 90 cm | 1996– | Tenerife, Spain |  Italy and  France |
Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT), Teide Observatory |  | 70 cm | 1989– | Tenerife, Spain |  Germany | [13]
Hida Domeless Solar Telescope (ja) |  | 60 cm | 1979– | Takayama, Gifu, Japan |  Japan | [14]
Udaipur Solar Observatory
MAST
Full Disk H-alpha Telescope
H-alpha Spar Telescope
Coudé Telescope |  |
50 cm
15 cm
25 cm
15 cm | 1976– | Udaipur, India |  India |
Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope (DST), Sacramento Peak |  | 76 cm | 1969– | Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, United States |  United States |
Solar Observatory Tower Meudon |  | 60 cm | 1968– | Meudon, France |  France |
McMath–Pierce solar telescope, KPO |  | 161 cm | 1961– | Arizona, United States |  United States | Largest aperture optical and infrared solar telescope for nearly six decades
ARIES Observatory |  | 15 cm | 1961– | Nainital, India |  India |
Solar Tunnel Telescope, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory |  | 61 cm (24 in) | 1958– | Kodaikanal, India |  India | [15]
45-cm-Turmteleskop |  | 45 cm | 1943– | Schauinsland, Germany |  Germany |
Gregory Coudé Telescope |  | 45 cm | 1959- | Locarno, Switzerland |  Switzerland | Operated by the Universitäts-Sternwarte Göttingen until 1984 and by IRSOL after 1984.
Solar Tower Telescope by Zeiss |  | 45 cm | 1930– | Tokyo, Japan |  Japan | [16]
Einsteinturm |  | 60 cm | 1924– | Potsdam, Germany |  Germany |
150-foot tower, Mount Wilson Observatory |  | 35 cm (24") | 1912– | California , United States |  United States | [1]
Snow Solar Telescope, Mount Wilson Observatory |  | 61 cm (24") | 1904– | California , United States |  United States | First solar telescope[17]
Lerebour/Grubb-Parsons, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory |  | 20 cm | 1901– | Kodaikanal, India |  India (1947- )
United Kingdom (1901–1950) |
Solar-T (pt) |  | 2x7.6 cm | 2016 | Antarctica |  Brazil | [18]
Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, Roque de los Muchachos Observatory |  | 47.5 cm | 1985–2000 | La Palma, Spain |  Sweden | Replaced by the SST
Gregory Coude Telescope (GCT) |  | 45 cm[1] | 1984–2002 | Tenerife, Spain (1984–2002) |  Germany | Replaced by GREGOR[19][1]
Evans Solar Facility (ESF), Sacramento Peak |  | 40 cm | 1953–2014 | Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, United States |  United States | [20]
Göttinger Sonnenturm (Solar Tower Telescope) |  | 2x15 cm
11 cm | 1942–2004 | Göttingen, Germany |  Germany | 65 cm-Coelostat by Zeiss, feeding light into several small light paths in tower
McMath-Hulbert Observatory |  | 61 cm (24") | 1941–1979 | Michigan, United States |  United States | Replaced the 10.5in in 1941
50-foot tower, McMath-Hulbert Observatory |  | 40 cm | 1936–1979 | Michigan, United States |  United States |
10.5 inch, McMath-Hulbert Observatory |  | 26.7 cm (10.5") | 1930–1941 | Michigan, United States |  United States | Replaced by the 24 inch in 1941
Arcetri Solar Tower, Arcetri Observatory |  | 37 cm | 1925-2006 | Arcetri, Italy |  Italy |

Telescopes for the Sun have existed for hundreds of years, this list is not complete and only goes back to 1900.

### Potential future optical telescopes

Name/Observatory  | Image  | Aperture d.  | Status  | Location  | Country(s)  | Note

|
|
|
|
|
|

Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO) |  | 150 cm | proposed |  |  United States | [21]
National Large Solar Telescope (NLST) |  | 200 cm | proposed[22] | Merak Village, Ladakh, India |  India |
Chinese Giant Solar Telescope (CGST) |  | 500–800 cm | planned | Western part of China |  China | [23]
European Solar Telescope (EST) |  | 400+ cm | planned | Canary Islands | 15 European countries[24] | [25]

### Radio telescopes

Name/Observatory  | Image  | Frequency range  | Year(s)  | Location  | Country(s)  | Note(s)

|
|
|
|
|
|

Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph (CSRH) |  | 0.4 - 2.0 Ghz
2.0 - 15 GHz | 2013 - | Inner Mongolia, China Template:Coord/display/CSRH Location |  China |

40x 4.5m dishes - low freq band

60x 2m dishes - high freq band

Radio imaging-spectroscopy observations of the Sun in decimetric and centimetric wavelengths[26]

Nançay Radioheliographe (NRH), Nançay Radio Observatory |  | 150–450 MHz |  | Sologne, Centre-Val de Loire, France |  France | [27]
Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA) |  | 1–18 GHz |  | Sologne, Centre-Val de Loire, France |  France | Previously known as the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA) before getting an expansion to upgrade its control system and increase the total number of antennas to 15.[28]
Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), Nobeyama Radio Observatory |  | 17 and 34 GHz |  | Minamimaki, Nagano Prefecture, Japan |  Japan | [29]
Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters, Nobeyama Radio Observatory |  | 1, 2, 3.75, 9.4, 17, 35, and 80 GHz |  | Minamimaki, Nagano Prefecture, Japan |  Japan | [30]
Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT) |  |  | 1983– | Republic of Buryatia, Russia |  Russia | [31]
Solar Submillimeter Telescope (SST), Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito |  | 212 and 405 GHz | 1999– | San Juan Province, Argentina |  Argentina | SST is the only solar submillimeter telescope currently in operation.[32]
Polarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the Sun (POEMAS), Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito |  | 45 and 90 GHz | 2011– | San Juan Province, Argentina |  Argentina |
Bleien Radio Observatory |  | 10 MHz–5 GHz | 1979– | Gränichen, Switzerland |  Switzerland | [33]
Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN) |  | 245, 410, 610, 1415, 2695, 4975, 8800 and 15400 MHz |  | Australia; Italy; Massachusetts and Hawaii, United States |  Australia,  Italy, and  United States | A series of four radio telescopes located at various locations around the world.[33][34]
Daocheng Solar Radio Telescope |  | 150-450 MHz  | 2023-  | Sichuan province  | 313 parabolic antennas for detection of coronal mass ejection events. Operations started in 2023.[35]
Mingantu interplanetary scintillation telescope  |  | 327 MHz and 654 MHz  | 2023-  | Inner Mongolia | interplanetary scintillation telescope, consists of three rotatable cylindrical antennas (140 metres by 40 metres each).[36]

## Other types of solar telescopes

There are much smaller commercial and/or amateur telescopes such as Coronado Filters from founder and designer David Lunt, bought by Meade Instruments in 2004 and sells SolarMax solar telescopes up to 8 cm[37][38]

Most solar observatories observe optically at visible, UV, and near infrared wavelengths, but other things can be observed.

* CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST), looks for solar axions from the early 2000s onwards
* Multi-spectral solar telescope array (MSSTA), a rocket launched payload of UV telescopes in the 1990s
* Leoncito Astronomical Complex, has a submillimeter wavelength solar telescope.
* Owens Valley Solar Array, for solar radio observation

Further information: Astronomy:Razdow Telescope

## Further reading

* BBSO List of large solar telescopes by aperture

## See also

* Solar tower
* List of heliophysics missions
* Lists of telescopes

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Big Bear Solar Observatory - Large Solar Telescopes". http://www.bbso.njit.edu/newtelescope/large.html.
2. ↑ Witze, A. (29 January 2020). "World's most powerful solar telescope is up and running". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00224-z. PMID 33504997.
3. ↑ "Welcome to the DKIST | DKIST". http://atst.nso.edu/.
4. ↑ "Cycle 1 Proposal Call Announcement". NSO/DKIST. https://nso.edu/dkist/proposal-call-1/.
5. ↑ Rao, Changhui; Gu, Naiting; Rao, Xuejun; Li, Cheng; Zhang, Lanqiang; Huang, Jinlong; Kong, Lin; Zhang, Ming et al. (22 April 2020). "First light of the 1.8-m solar telescope–CLST". Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy 63 (10): 109631. doi:10.1007/s11433-019-1557-3. Bibcode: 2020SCPMA..6309631R. https://engine.scichina.com/publisher/scp/journal/SCPMA/63/10/10.1007/s11433-019-1557-3?slug=fulltext. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
6. ↑ "Home: Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik". https://www.leibniz-kis.de/de/home/.
7. ↑ Ding-qiang Su (2012). "Understanding Astronomy in China through Recent Major Projects". http://www.iau.org/static/scientific_meetings/iau_ga_2012/speeches/su_ding_qiang.pdf.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 http://en.iszf.irk.ru/Main_Page Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics
9. ↑ Hao, Q.; Guo, Y.; Dai, Y.; Ding, M. D.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X. Y.; Fang, C. (2012). "Understanding the white-light flare on 2012 March 9: Evidence of a two-step magnetic reconnection". Astronomy & Astrophysics 544: L17. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219941. Bibcode: 2012A&A...544L..17H.
10. ↑ "Solar Observations in Bulgaria | National Astronomical Observatory ROZHEN". http://sob.nao-rozhen.org/.
11. ↑ solarphysics.kva.se The Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope
12. ↑ "Prairie View Solar Observatory". https://www.pvamu.edu/pvso/.
13. ↑ "Vacuum Tower Telescope". http://www.otri.iac.es/opticon/view_telescopes.php?telescope=27.
14. ↑ "The Domeless Solar Telescope". http://www.kwasan.kyoto-u.ac.jp/general/facilities/dst/index_en.html.
15. ↑ "I.S. Glass's home page". http://www.saao.ac.za/~isg/gp.html.
16. ↑ "Solar Tower". http://solarwww.mtk.nao.ac.jp/en/tower.html.
17. ↑ "Telescope: Snow Solar Telescope". http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/groundup//lesson/scopes/snow/index.php.
18. ↑ P. Kaufmann. "THz Solar Observations on Board of a Trans-Antarctic Stratospheric Balloon Flight". http://www.tydexoptics.com/files/about/THz_Solar_Observations_on_Board_of_a_Trans-Antarctic_Stratospheric_Balloon_Flight.pdf.
19. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.astro.physik.uni-goettingen.de/research/solphys/GCT_text.html.
20. ↑ "John W. Evans Solar Facility". https://nso.edu/telescopes/john-w-evans-solar-facility/.
21. ↑ "COSMO | High Altitude Observatory". https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/cosmo.
22. ↑ "India to Build World's Largest Solar Telescope". http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/India_To_Build_World_Largest_Solar_Telescope_999.html.
23. ↑ Y. Y. Deng (21 March 2011). "Introduction to the Chinese Giant Solar Telescope". www.ncra.tifr.res.in. http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in/~basi/ASICS_2/031-Deng.pdf.
24. ↑ "Home". http://www.astro-east.org/.
25. ↑ "Home". http://www.iac.es/project/EST/.
26. ↑ Yan, Yihua; Wang, Wei; Liu, Fei; Geng, Lihong; Chen, Zhijun; Zhang, Jian (2013). "Radio imaging-spectroscopy observations of the Sun in decimetric and centimetric wavelengths". Solar and Astrophysical Dynamos and Magnetic Activity, Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 294, 2012 8: 489–494. doi:10.1017/S1743921313003001. Bibcode: 2013IAUS..294..489Y. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B7B0170020CFA8709D432D7D91F9ABAE/S1743921313003001a.pdf/radio-imaging-spectroscopy-observations-of-the-sun-in-decimetric-and-centimetric-wavelengths.pdf. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
27. ↑ "Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay". https://www.obs-nancay.fr/index.php/instruments/radioheliographe?lang=fr.
28. ↑ "OVSA Expanstion Project." New Jersey Institute of Technology. Retrieved: 18 June 2017.
29. ↑ "Nobeyama Radioheliograph." Nobeyama Radio Observatory. Retrieved: 18 June 2017.
30. ↑ "Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters." Nobeyama Radio Observatory. Retrieved: 18 June 2017.
31. ↑ "The Siberian Solar Radio Telescope – ISTP SB RAS". http://en.iszf.irk.ru/The_Siberian_Solar_Radio_Telescope.
32. ↑ Gimenez de Castro, C.G., Raulin, J.-P., Makhmutov, V., Kaufmann, P., Csota, J.E.R., Instantaneous positions of microwave solar bursts: Properties and validity of the multiple beam observations Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 140, 3, December II 1999 doi:10.1051/aas:1999428
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Radioastronomy FHNW". http://soleil.i4ds.ch/solarradio/.
34. ↑ "Space Weather Services website" (in en). https://www.sws.bom.gov.au/World_Data_Centre/2/8/9.
35. ↑ "China's new radio telescope will have dangerous solar eruptions in its gaze" (in en). 5 July 2022. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3184087/chinas-new-radio-telescope-will-have-dangerous-solar-eruptions.
36. ↑ "China to start building giant telescope to monitor solar winds" (in en). 29 June 2022. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3183412/china-start-building-giant-telescope-monitor-solar-winds-can.
37. ↑ "Sky & Telescope: David Lunt (1942-2005)". http://www.skyandtelescope.com/news/3309971.html?page=1&c=y.
38. ↑ David Lunt biography, Solar Filter designer

* v
* t
* e

Solar space missions

Current|

* ACE
* DSCOVR
* Hinode (Solar-B)
* IRIS
* MinXSS2
* Parker Solar Probe
* SOHO
* SDO
* SOLAR
* STEREO
* Wind

Past|

* Apollo Telescope Mount
* Coronas F (Koronas F)
* EURECA
* ESRO 2B
* Genesis
* GOES 13
* Helios
* Hinotori (Astro-A)
* IMP-8
* Intercosmos 26 (Koronas I)
* ISEE-1
* ISEE-2
* ICE / ISEE-3
* Koronas-Foton
* MinXSS1
* Orbiting Solar Observatory
* OSO 1
* OSO 2/OSO B
* OSO 3
* OSO 4
* OSO 5
* OSO 6
* OSO 7
* OSO 8
* Solwind
* PICARD
* Pioneer 5
* Pioneer 6, 7, 8 and 9
* PROBA-2
* Prognoz 6
* RHESSI
* SolarMax
* Spartan 201
* Taiyo (SRATS)
* TRACE
* Ulysses
* Yohkoh (Solar-A)

Planned|

* Solar Orbiter (2020)
* Aditya-L1 (2020)
* PROBA-3 (2021)
* PUNCH (2023)
* TRACERS (2023)
* SWFO-L1 (2024)

Proposed|

* ADAHELI
* EUVST
* Lagrange
* Solar-C
* SETH
* Solar Cruiser
* Sundiver

Cancelled (C) and lost (L)|

* AOSO (C)
* Pioneer E (L)
* Pioneer H (C)
* OSO C (L)
* OSO J (C)
* OSO K (C)
* Solar Sentinels (C)

Sun-Earth|

* SORCE
* SXI
* ACRIMSAT

List of heliophysics missions

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of solar telescopes. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Astronomy:List_of_solar_telescopes&oldid=609140"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template