McMurdo (crater)

McMurdo

Close-up of Layers in wall of McMurdo, as seen by HiRISE.

Planet| Mars
Coordinates|  [ ⚑ ] : 84°24′S 359°06′W﻿ / ﻿84.4°S 359.1°W﻿ / -84.4; -359.1

McMurdo is a crater in the Mare Australe quadrangle of Mars, located at 84.4° S and 359.1° W. It is 30.3 km in diameter and was named after McMurdo Station in Antarctica.[1]

Many layers are visible in the south wall of the crater. Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. The study of layering on Mars greatly expanded when the Mars Global Surveyor sent back images.[2][3] Rock can form layers in a variety of ways. Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers.[4][5][6] A detailed discussion of layering with many Martian examples can be found in Sedimentary Geology of Mars.[7] A paper by Grotzinger and Milliken discusses the role of water and wind in forming layers of sedimentary rocks.[8]

Just to the south of McMurdo is a field of numerous short, dark streaks or fans. These are caused by the outgassing of carbon dioxide in the spring when the temperature is rising. The carbon dioxide gas carries with it dark particles. If a wind is blowing at the time, the plume of material is spread to one side forming a streak or a fan; these features have been called spiders because at times they look like spiders with many legs.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Both layers and fans are shown in the pictures below.

* McMurdo, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter).

* Short dark streaks are dark fans caused by outgassing of carbon dioxide and dark material. Layers are easily visible in the wall of the crater. Note: this is an enlargement of the previous image of McMurdo. Picture taken with CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter).

## See also

* Geology of Mars
* Geyser (Mars)
* HiRISE
* Impact crater
* Impact event
* List of craters on Mars
* Ore resources on Mars
* Planetary nomenclature

## References

1. ↑ "McMurdo (crater)". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
2. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.geo.brown.edu/research/Milliken/GEOL2920C_files/Week04_Summary_Jawin.pdf.
3. ↑ Malin, M. C., & Edgett, K. S. (2000). Sedimentary Rocks of Early Mars. Science, 290(5498), 1927–1937
4. ↑ NASA.gov
5. ↑ NASA.gov
6. ↑ "HiRISE | High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment". Hirise.lpl.arizona.edu?psp_008437_1750. http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu?PSP_008437_1750.
7. ↑ Grotzinger, J. and R. Milliken (eds.). 2012. Sedimentary Geology of Mars. SEPM.
8. ↑ Grotzinger, J.P. and R.E. Milliken (2012). The sedimentary rock record of Mars: Distribution, origins, and global stratigraphy, SEPM Special Publication, 102, 1-48.
9. ↑ Manrubia, S. C.; O. Prieto Ballesteros; C. González Kessler; D. Fernández Remolar; C. Córdoba-Jabonero; F. Selsis; S. Bérczi; T. Gánti et al. (2004). "Comparative Analysis of Geological Features and Seasonal Processes in Inca City and PittyUSA Patera Regions on Mars". European Space Agency Publications (ESA SP): 545. http://www.colbud.hu/esa/publications/29ProcCAB-3ESASP-545pp77-80.pdf.
10. ↑ Kieffer, H. H. (2000). Mars Polar Science 2000 - Annual Punctuated CO2 Slab-ice and Jets on Mars. http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/polar2000/pdf/4095.pdf. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
11. ↑ Kieffer, Hugh H. (2003). Third Mars Polar Science Conference (2003)- Behavior of Solid CO. http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/polar2003/pdf/8083.pdf. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
12. ↑ Portyankina, G., ed (2006). Fourth Mars Polar Science Conference - Simulations of Geyser-Type Eruptions in Cryptic Region of Martian South. http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/polar2006/pdf/8040.pdf. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
13. ↑ Sz. Bérczi, ed (2004). Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV (2004) - Stratigraphy of Special Layers – Transient Ones on Permeable Ones: Examples. http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2004/pdf/1317.pdf. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
14. ↑ "NASA Findings Suggest Jets Bursting From Martian Ice Cap". Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA). 16 August 2006. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2006-100.
15. ↑ C.J. Hansen; N. Thomas; G. Portyankina; A. McEwen; T. Becker; S. Byrne; K. Herkenhoff; H. Kieffer et al. (2010). "HiRISE observations of gas sublimation-driven activity in Mars' southern polar regions: I. Erosion of the surface". Icarus 205 (1): 283–295. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.021. Bibcode: 2010Icar..205..283H. http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~shane/publications/hansen_etal_icarus_2010.pdf. Retrieved 26 July 2010.

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Geography of Mars and geology of Mars

Cartography

| Regions|

* Abalos Undae
* Aspledon Undae
* Arabia Terra
* Cerberus
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|

Quadrangles|

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* Tharsis
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Geology

| Surface features|

* Brain terrain
* Carbonates
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* Color
* Composition
* Concentric crater fill
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* Dichotomy
* Dune fields
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|

History|

* Amazonian
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Rocks observed|

* Curiosity rover
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* Martian meteorites found on Earth
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* List

Topography

| Mountains and
volcanoes

(list by height)

* Acidalia Colles
* Alba Mons
* Anseris Mons
* Apollinaris Mons
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* Elysium
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* Albor Tholus
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* Erebus Montes
* Galaxius Mons
* Hadriacus Mons
* Hellas Montes
* Jovis Tholus
* Libya Montes
* Mount Sharp
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* Olympus Mons
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* Syrtis Major Planum
* Tartarus Colles
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* Ascraeus
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* Ulysses Tholus
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* Uranius Mons
* Ceraunius Tholus
* Uranius Tholus

|

Plains and
plateaus|

* Acidalia Planitia
* Aeolis Palus
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* Arcadia Planitia
* Argyre Planitia
* Chryse Planitia
* Daedalia Planum
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* Syria Planum
* Syrtis Major Planum
* Utopia Planitia
* Eden Patera
* Orcus Patera
* Peneus Patera
* Pityusa Patera

Canyons and
valleys|

* Aram Chaos
* Arsia Chasmata
* Aromatum Chaos
* Atlantis Chaos
* Aureum Chaos
* Candor Chasma
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* Coprates Chasma
* Echus Chasma
* Eos Chaos
* Eos Chasma
* Galaxias Chaos
* Ganges Chasma
* Gorgonum Chaos
* Hebes Chasma
* Hydaspis Chaos
* Hydraotes Chaos
* Iani Chaos
* Ister Chaos
* Ius Chasma
* Juventae Chasma
* Melas Chasma
* Ophir Chasma
* Tithonium Chasma

* List of valles
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* Dao
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* Simud
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* Tader
* Tinia
* Tinjar
* Tiu
* Tyras
* Uzboi
* ULM
* Vedra
* Verde
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Fossae, mensae
rupes and labyrinthi|

* Amenthes Fossae
* Ceraunius Fossae
* Cerberus Fossae
* Coloe Fossae
* Cyane Fossae
* Elysium Fossae
* Hephaestus Fossae
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* Labeatis Fossae
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* Medusae Fossae
* Memnonia Fossae
* Nili Fossae
* Olympica Fossae
* Oti Fossae
* Sirenum Fossae
* Tantalus Fossae
* Tempe Fossae
* Tithonium Fossae
* Tractus Fossae
* Ulysses Fossae
* Aeolis Mensae
* Ausonia Mensa
* Capri Mensa
* Cydonia Mensae
* Deuteronilus Mensae
* Ganges Mensa
* Nilosyrtis Mensae
* Protonilus Mensae
* Sacra Mensa
* Claritas Rupes
* Olympus Rupes
* Rupes Tenuis
* Angustus Labyrinthus
* Noctis Labyrinthus

Catenae and
craters|

* Artynia Catena
* Tithoniae Catenae
* Tractus Catena
* Adams
* Agassiz
* Airy
* Airy-0
* Aniak
* Antoniadi
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* Curie
* Da Vinci
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* Dejnev
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* Matijevic Hill
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* Fontana
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* Chaffee
* Grissom
* White
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* Husband
* McCool
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* Hadley
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* Hartwig
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* Heinlein
* Helmholtz
* Henry
* Herschel
* Hipparchus
* Holden
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* Huggins
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* Hutton
* Huxley
* Huygens
* Iazu
* Ibragimov
* Inuvik
* Janssen
* Jarry-Desloges
* Jeans
* Jezero
* Jezža
* Joly
* Jones
* Kaiser
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* Kinkora
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* Lipik
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* Main
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* Maraldi
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* Masursky
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* McLaughlin
* McMurdo
* Mellish
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