Mikhailo Lomonosov (satellite)

Mikhailo topan(MVL-300)

A model of the Mikhailo Lomonosov

Mission type| Astronomy
Operator| MSU
COSPAR ID| 2016-026A
SATCAT no.| 41464
Website| lomonosov.sinp.msu.ru
Mission duration| Planned: 3 years [1]
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer| VNIIEM
Launch mass| 620 kg (1,370 lb)[1]
Payload mass| 170 kg (370 lb)[1]
Power| ~300 W[1]
Start of mission
Launch date| 28 April 2016, 02:01 UTC
Rocket| Soyuz-2.1a/Volga
Launch site| Vostochny Site 1S
Contractor| Roscosmos
End of mission
Deactivated| 14 January 2019
Decay date| 12 December 2023
Orbital parameters
Reference system| Geocentric
Regime| Sun-synchronous
Semi-major axis| 6,856 kilometers (4,260 mi)[2]
Perigee altitude| 478.2 km (297.1 mi)[2]
Apogee altitude| 492.9 km (306.3 mi)[2]
Inclination| 97.3 degrees[2]
Period| 94.2 minutes[2]
| Instruments

TUS| Orbital ultraviolet telescope (300–400 nm)
BDRG| X-ray and gamma radiation detector
UFFO| UV-optic telescope and x-ray camera
ShOK| Wide-angle optical cameras
DEPRON| Electron, proton, and neutron dosimeter
ELFIN-L| Charged particles detector[3]
IMISS-1| Microelectromechanical inertial measuring
BI| Information unit

Mikhailo Lomonosov (MVL-300, or Mikhailo, or more commonly Lomonosov; MVL stands for Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov[4]) is an astronomical satellite operated by Moscow State University (MSU) named after Mikhail Lomonosov.[5]

## Contents

* 1 Mission
* 1.1 Launch
* 1.2 Scientific payload
* 1.3 End of mission
* 2 References
* 3 External links

## Mission

The objective of the mission is the observation of gamma-ray bursts, high-energy cosmic rays and transient phenomena in the Earth's upper atmosphere.[5]

### Launch

The mission launch was initially planned for 2011 when 300 years since the birthday of Mikhail Lomonosov was celebrated.[6] After several postponements the mission was finally launched on 28 April 2016 from Vostochny Cosmodrome by the Soyuz 2.1a launch vehicle.[7]

### Scientific payload

The spacecraft is equipped with seven scientific instruments:[4][1]

* Tracking Ultraviolet Set Up system (TUS) was designed to measure fluorescence light radiated by EAS (Extensive Air Showers) of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) in the Earth atmosphere as well as for transients' studies within UV-range. This was the first space based instrument dedicated to these phenomena. The TUS-project started in 2001.[8]
* Block for X-ray and gamma-radiation detection (BDRG) is intended for detecting and monitoring gamma-ray bursts and for producing a trigger signal for ShOK cameras (see below);
* UFFO consists of X-ray and 10 cm UV telescopes intended for studying gamma-ray bursts;
* Optic cameras of super-wide field of vision (ShOK) is a pair of wide-field optical cameras, which main purpose is a prompt detection of the optical radiation of gamma-ray bursts after receiving trigger signals from BDRG;
* Dosimeter of Electrons, PROtons and Neutrons (DEPRON) measures absorbed doses and spectra of electrons, protons, neutrons and heavy nuclei;
* Electron Loss and Fields Investigator for Lomonosov (ELFIN-L) comprises the Energetic Particle Detector for Electrons (EPDE), Energetic Proton Detector for Ions (EPDI) and Flux Gate Magnetometer (FGM). Its main purposes is to study energetic particles in the Earth magnetosphere;
* IMISS-1 is a device intended to test microelectromechanical inertial modules.

### End of mission

The TUS-telescope aboard Lomonosov stopped data collection in late 2017.[8]

On June 30, 2018, it was published that the Lomonosov-satellite had suffered a malfunction in its data transmission system. Attempts to fix the problem were underway, but fixing the problem had so far been unsuccessful.[9]

As of 14 January 2019, the problems had not been solved and all the scientific equipment of the satellite were powered off. The recovery attempts continued (some systems of the satellite were responsive, the problem was with scientific payload systems). Before succumbing to these difficulties, the satellite had worked for one and a half years for its intended purpose. With the failure of the Lomonosov satellite and the Spektr-R end of mission on 30 May 2019, the Russian space program lost both of its scientific satellites until the launch of Spektr-RG in July 2019.

The satellite decayed from orbit on 16 December 2023.[10]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Космический аппарат "Ломоносов"" (in ru). VNIIEM. http://www.vniiem.ru/ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=620:-l-r&catid=84:--l-r&Itemid=62.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "MVL 300 Satellite details 2016-026A NORAD 41464". N2YO. 4 May 2016. http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=41464.
3. ↑ ELFIN-L consists of three components: a flux gate magnetometer (FGM), an electron particle detector (EPDE), and an ion proton detector (EPDI)
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "MVL-300 (Mikhailo Lomonosov)". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mvl-300.htm.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Soyuz prepared for first flight from Siberian cosmodrome". http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/01/31/soyuz-prepared-for-first-flight-from-siberian-cosmodrome/.
6. ↑ "Садовничий: спутник "Михайло Ломоносов" будет запущен в 2011 году" (in ru). Ria Novosti. 26 January 2010. http://www.gazeta.ru/news/science/2010/01/26/n_1449010.shtml.
7. ↑ "Первый пуск с Восточного прошёл успешно!" (in ru). Roscosmos. 28 April 2016. http://www.roscosmos.ru/22198/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Khrenov, B.A.; Garipov, G.K.; Kaznacheeva, M.A.; Klimov, P.A.; Panasyuk, M.I.; Petrov, V.L.; Sharakin, S.A.; Shirokov, A.V. et al. (2020). "An extensive-air-shower-like event registered with the TUS orbital detector". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2020 (3): 033. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/033. Bibcode: 2020JCAP...03..033K.
9. ↑ "Mikhailo Lomonosov". http://russianspaceweb.com/mikhailo-lomonosov.html.
10. ↑ "MVL 300". N2YO.com. 16 December 2023. https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=41464.

## External links

* Mikhailo Lomonosov at Russianspaceweb.com

* v
* t
* e

Space observatories

Operating|

* AGILE (since 2007)
* AMS-02 (since 2011)
* Aoi (since 2018)
* ASTERIA (since 2017)
* Astrosat (since 2015)
* BRITE constellation (since 2013)
* CALET (since 2015)
* Chandra (AXAF) (since 1999)
* DAMPE (since 2015)
* Fermi (since 2008)
* Gaia (since 2013)
* HXMT (Insight) (since 2017)
* Hinode (Solar-B) (since 2006)
* HiRISE (since 2005)
* Hisaki (SPRINT-A) (since 2013)
* Hubble (since 1990)
* INTEGRAL (since 2002)
* IBEX (since 2008)
* IRIS (since 2013)
* ISS-CREAM (since 2017)
* MAXI (since 2009)
* Mikhailo Lomonosov (since 2016)
* Mini-EUSO (since 2019)
* NCLE (since 2018)
* NEOSSat (since 2013)
* NICER (since 2017)
* NuSTAR (since 2012)
* Odin (since 2001)
* SDO (since 2010)
* SOHO (since 1995)
* SOLAR (since 2008)
* Spektr-RG (since 2019)
* Spitzer (since 2003)
* STEREO (since 2006)
* Swift (since 2004)
* TESS (since 2018)
* WISE (since 2009)
* XMM-Newton (since 1999)

Planned|

* CHEOPS (2019)
* iWF-MAXI (2019)
* Astro-1 Telescope (2020)
* ILO-1 (2020)
* LUCI (2020)
* Nano-JASMINE (2020)
* ORBIS (2020)
* Solar Orbiter (SolO) (2020)
* IXPE (2021)
* James Webb (JWST) (2021)
* LORD (2021)
* SVOM (2021)
* XPoSat (2021)
* Euclid (2022)
* Space Solar Telescope (2022)
* XRISM (2022)
* Xuntian (2022)
* K-EUSO (2023)
* Solar-C (2023)
* SPHEREx (2023)
* Small-JASMINE (2024)
* Near-Earth Object Surveillance Mission (2025+)
* Spektr-UV (2025)
* WFIRST (2025+)
* PLATO (2026)
* LiteBIRD (2027)
* ARIEL (2028)
* Spektr-M (2030+)
* ATHENA (2031)
* LISA (2034)

Proposed|

* Arcus
* AstroSat-2
* EXCEDE
* Fresnel Imager
* FOCAL
* HabEx
* Hibari
* Hypertelescope
* JEM-EUSO
* LUVOIR
* ATLAST
* HDST
* Lynx
* Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
* New Worlds Mission
* NRO donation to NASA
* OST
* PhoENiX
* Solar-D
* SPICA
* THEIA
* THESEUS

Retired|

* Akari (Astro-F) (2006–2011)
* ALEXIS (1993–2005)
* Alouette 1 (1962–1972)
* Ariel 1 (1962, 1964)
* Ariel 2 (1964)
* Ariel 3 (1967–1969)
* Ariel 4 (1971–1972)
* Ariel 5 (1974–1980)
* Ariel 6 (1979–1982)
* ATM (1973–1974)
* ASCA (Astro-D) (1993–2000)
* Astro-1 (1990)
* BBXRT
* HUT
* Astro-2 (HUT) (1995)
* Astron (1983–1989)
* ANS (1974–1976)
* BeppoSAX (1996–2003)
* CHIPSat (2003–2008)
* Compton (CGRO) (1991–2000)
* CoRoT (2006–2013)
* Cos-B (1975–1982)
* COBE (1989–1993)
* DXS (1993)
* EPOCh (2008)
* EPOXI (2010)
* Explorer 11 (1961)
* EXOSAT (1983–1986)
* EUVE (1992–2001)
* FUSE (1999–2007)
* Kvant-1 (1987–2001)
* GALEX (2003–2013)
* Gamma (1990–1992)
* Ginga (Astro-C) (1987–1991)
* Granat (1989–1998)
* Hakucho (CORSA-b) (1979–1985)
* HALCA (MUSES-B) (1997–2005)
* HEAO-1 (1977–1979)
* Herschel (2009–2013)
* Hinotori (Astro-A) (1981–1991)
* HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) (1978–1982)
* HEAO-3 (1979–1981)
* HETE-2 (2000–2008)
* Hipparcos (1989–1993)
* IUE (1978–1996)
* IRAS (1983)
* IRTS (1995–1996)
* ISO (1996–1998)
* IXAE (1996–2004)
* Kepler (2009–2018)
* Kristall (1990–2001)
* LEGRI (1997–2002)
* LISA Pathfinder (2015–2017)
* MOST (2003–2019)
* MSX (1996–1997)
* OAO-2 (1968–1973)
* OAO-3 (Copernicus) (1972–1981)
* Orbiting Solar Observatory
* OSO 1
* OSO 2/OSO B
* OSO 3
* OSO 4
* OSO 5
* OSO 6
* OSO 7
* OSO 8
* Orion 1 (1971)
* Orion 2 (1973)
* PAMELA (2006–2016)
* PicSat (2018)
* Planck (2009–2013)
* RELIKT-1 (1983–1984)
* R/HESSI (2002–2018)
* ROSAT (1990–1999)
* RXTE (1995–2012)
* SAMPEX (1992–2004)
* SAS-B (1972–1973)
* SAS-C (1975–1979)
* Solwind (1979–1985)
* Spektr-R (2011–2019)
* Suzaku (Astro-EII) (2005–2015)
* Taiyo (SRATS) (1975–1980)
* Tenma (Astro-B) (1983–1985)
* Uhuru (1970–1973)
* Vanguard 3 (1959)
* WMAP (2001–2010)
* Yokoh (Solar-A) (1991–2001)

Hibernating
(Mission completed)|

* SWAS (1998–2005)
* TRACE (1998–2010)

Lost|

* OAO-1 (1966)
* OAO-B (1970)
* CORSA (1976)
* OSO C (1965)
* ABRIXAS (1999)
* HETE-1 (1996)
* WIRE (1999)
* Astro-E (2000)
* Tsubame (2014–2015)
* Hitomi (Astro-H) (2016)

Cancelled|

* AOSO
* Astro-G
* Constellation-X
* Darwin
* Destiny
* EChO
* Eddington
* FAME
* FINESSE
* GEMS
* HOP
* IXO
* JDEM
* LOFT
* OSO J
* OSO K
* Sentinel
* SIM & SIMlite
* SNAP
* SPOrt
* TAUVEX
* TPF
* XEUS
* XIPE

See also|

* Great Observatories program
* List of space telescopes
* List of proposed space observatories
* List of X-ray space telescopes

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Russian space observatories

Current|

* Mikhailo Lomonosov (2016–present)
* Spektr-RG (2019–present)

Past|

* Spektr-R (2011–2019)

Planned|

* Gamma-400 (ru) (2025)
* Spektr-UV (2025)
* Spektr-M (2030)
* OZIRIS

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