Quantum cosmology

Short description: Attempts to develop a quantum mechanical theory of cosmology

Quantum field theory

Feynman diagram

History

Background

* Field theory
* Electromagnetism
* Weak force
* Strong force
* Quantum mechanics
* Special relativity
* General relativity
* Gauge theory

Symmetries

* Symmetry in quantum mechanics
* C-symmetry
* P-symmetry
* T-symmetry
* Space translation symmetry
* Time translation symmetry
* Rotation symmetry
* Lorentz symmetry
* Poincaré symmetry
* Gauge symmetry
* Explicit symmetry breaking
* Spontaneous symmetry breaking
* Yang–Mills theory
* Noether charge
* Topological charge

Tools

* Anomaly
* Crossing
* Effective field theory
* Expectation value
* Ghost fields
* Faddeev–Popov ghosts
* Feynman diagram
* Lattice gauge theory
* LSZ reduction formula
* Partition function
* Propagator
* Quantization
* Regularization
* Renormalization
* Vacuum state
* Wick's theorem
* Wightman axioms
* Feynman parametrization

Equations

* Dirac equation
* Klein–Gordon equation
* Proca equations
* Wheeler–DeWitt equation
* Bargmann–Wigner equations
* Joos–Weinberg equation
* Weyl equation

Standard Model

* Quantum electrodynamics
* Electroweak interaction
* Quantum chromodynamics
* Higgs mechanism

Incomplete theories

* Topological quantum field theory
* String theory
* Superstring theory
* M-Theory
* Supersymmetry
* Supergravity
* Technicolor
* Theory of everything
* Quantum gravity

Scientists

* C. D. Anderson
* P. W. Anderson
* Bethe
* Bjorken
* Bogoliubov
* Brout
* Callan
* Coleman
* DeWitt
* Dirac
* Dyson
* Englert
* Fermi
* Feynman
* Fierz
* Fock
* Fröhlich
* Glashow
* Gell-Mann
* Gross
* Guralnik
* Heisenberg
* Higgs
* Haag
* Hagen
* 't Hooft
* Jordan
* Kendall
* Kibble
* Lamb
* Landau
* Lee
* Majorana
* Mills
* Nambu
* Nishijima
* Parisi
* Polyakov
* Salam
* Schwinger
* Skyrme
* Sudarshan
* Tomonaga
* Veltman
* Ward
* Weinberg
* Weisskopf
* Weyl
* Wilczek
* Wilson
* Yang
* Yukawa

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Quantum cosmology[1][2] is the attempt in theoretical physics to develop a quantum theory of the universe. This approach attempts to answer open questions of classical physical cosmology, particularly those related to the first phases of the universe.

Classical cosmology is based on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity (GTR or simply GR) which describes the evolution of the universe very well, as long as you do not approach the Big Bang. It is the gravitational singularity and the Planck time where relativity theory fails to provide what must be demanded of a final theory of space and time. Therefore, a theory is needed that integrates relativity theory and quantum theory.[3] Such an approach is attempted for instance with loop quantum cosmology, loop quantum gravity, string theory and causal set theory.[4]

In quantum cosmology, the universe is treated as a wave function instead of classical spacetime.[5]

## Contents

* 1 See also
* 2 References
* 2.1 Notes
* 3 External links

## See also

* String cosmology
* Brane cosmology
* Loop quantum cosmology
* Top-down cosmology
* Non-standard cosmology
* Loop quantum gravity
* Canonical quantum gravity
* Dark energy
* Minisuperspace
* Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation
* Theory of everything

## References

* Bojowald, Martin (2011). Quantum Cosmology. A Fundamental Description of the Universe. Lecture Notes in Physics. 835. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-8276-6.

### Notes

1. ↑ Bojowald, Martin (2015). "Quantum cosmology: A review". Reports on Progress in Physics 78 (2): 023901. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/78/2/023901. PMID 25582917. Bibcode: 2015RPPh...78b3901B.
2. ↑ Chiou, Dah-Wei (2015). "Loop quantum gravity". International Journal of Modern Physics D 24 (1): 1530005–1530331. doi:10.1142/S0218271815300050. Bibcode: 2015IJMPD..2430005C.
3. ↑ Stephen Hawking wrote 1999: So what the singularity theorems are really telling us, is that the universe had a quantum origin, and that we need a theory of quantum cosmology, if we are to predict the present state of the universe."Quantum Cosmology, M-theory and the Anthropic Principle - Stephen Hawking". http://www.hawking.org.uk/quantum-cosmology-m-theory-and-the-anthropic-principle.html.
4. ↑ Klebanov, Igor; Maldacena, Juan (2009). "Solving Quantum Field Theories via Curved Spacetimes". Physics Today 62 (1): 28. doi:10.1063/1.3074260. Bibcode: 2009PhT....62a..28K.
5. ↑ He, Dongshan; Gao, Dongfeng; Cai, Qing-yu (2014). "Spontaneous creation of the universe from nothing". Physical Review D 89 (8): 083510. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.89.083510. Bibcode: 2014PhRvD..89h3510H.

## External links

* A Layman's Explanation of Quantum Cosmology
* Lectures on Quantum Cosmology by J.J. Halliwell

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Quantum gravity

Central concepts|

* AdS/CFT correspondence
* Causal patch
* Gravitational anomaly
* Graviton
* Holographic principle
* IR/UV mixing
* Planck scale
* Quantum foam
* Trans-Planckian problem
* Weinberg–Witten theorem

Toy models|

* 2+1D topological gravity
* CGHS model
* Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
* Liouville gravity
* RST model
* Topological quantum field theory

Quantum field theory
in curved spacetime|

* Bunch–Davies vacuum
* Hawking radiation
* Semiclassical gravity
* Unruh effect

Black holes|

* Black hole complementarity
* Black hole information paradox
* Black-hole thermodynamics
* Bousso's holographic bound
* ER=EPR
* Firewall (physics)
* Gravitational singularity

Approaches|

| String theory|

* Bosonic string theory
* M-theory
* Supergravity
* Superstring theory

|

Canonical quantum gravity|

* Loop quantum gravity
* Wheeler-DeWitt equation

Euclidean quantum gravity|

* Hartle-Hawking state

Others|

* Causal dynamical triangulation
* Causal sets
* Noncommutative geometry
* Spin foam
* Group field theory
* Superfluid vacuum theory
* Twistor theory
* Dual graviton

Applications|

* Quantum cosmology
* Eternal inflation
* Multiverse
* FRW/CFT duality

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Quantum mechanics

Background|

* Introduction
* History
* timeline
* Glossary
* Classical mechanics
* Old quantum theory

Fundamentals|

* Bra–ket notation
* Casimir effect
* Complementarity
* Density matrix
* Energy level
* ground state
* excited state
* degenerate levels
* Vacuum state
* Zero-point energy
* QED vacuum
* QCD vacuum
* Hamiltonian
* Operator
* Quantum coherence
* Quantum decoherence
* Measurement
* Quantum
* Quantum realm
* Quantum system
* Quantum state
* Quantum number
* Quantum entanglement
* Quantum superposition
* Quantum nonlocality
* Quantum tunnelling
* Quantum levitation
* Quantum fluctuation
* Quantum annealing
* Quantum foam
* Quantum noise
* Heisenberg uncertainty principle
* Spontaneous parametric down-conversion
* Von Neumann entropy
* Spin
* Scattering theory
* Symmetry in quantum mechanics
* Symmetry breaking
* Spontaneous symmetry breaking
* Wave propagation
* Quantum interference
* Wave function
* Wave function collapse
* Wave–particle duality
* Matter wave
* Qubit
* Qutrit
* Observable
* Probability distribution

Formulations|

* Formulations
* Heisenberg
* Interaction
* Matrix mechanics
* Schrödinger
* Path integral formulation
* Phase space

Equations|

* Dirac
* Klein–Gordon
* Pauli
* Rydberg
* Schrödinger

Interpretations|

* Interpretations
* Bayesian
* Consistent histories
* Copenhagen
* de Broglie–Bohm
* Ensemble
* Hidden variables
* Many worlds
* Objective collapse
* Quantum logic
* Relational
* Stochastic
* Transactional
* Cosmological

Experiments|

* Afshar
* Bell's inequality
* Cold Atom Laboratory
* Davisson–Germer
* Delayed-choice quantum eraser
* Double-slit
* Franck–Hertz experiment
* Leggett–Garg inequality
* Mach-Zehnder inter.
* Elitzur–Vaidman
* Popper
* Quantum eraser
* Schrödinger's cat
* Quantum suicide and immortality
* Stern–Gerlach
* Wheeler's delayed choice

Science|

* Q-analog
* List
* Quantum algebra
* Quantum calculus
* Quantum differential calculus
* Quantum geometry
* Quantum group
* Quantum Bayesianism
* Quantum biology
* Quantum chemistry
* Quantum chaos
* Quantum cognition
* Quantum cosmology
* Quantum dynamics
* Quantum economics
* Quantum evolution
* Quantum finance
* Quantum game theory
* Quantum measurement problem
* Quantum mind
* Quantum probability
* Quantum social science
* Quantum stochastic calculus
* Quantum spacetime

Technology|

* Quantum algorithms
* Quantum amplifier
* Quantum cellular automata
* Quantum finite automata
* Quantum electronics
* Quantum logic gates
* Quantum clock
* Quantum channel
* Quantum bus
* Quantum circuit
* Phase qubit
* Matrix isolation
* Quantum dot
* Quantum dot display
* Quantum dot solar cell
* Quantum dot cellular automaton
* Quantum dot single-photon source
* Quantum dot laser
* Quantum well
* Quantum computing
* Timeline
* Quantum cryptography
* Post-quantum cryptography
* Quantum error correction
* Quantum imaging
* Quantum image processing
* Quantum information
* Quantum key distribution
* Quantum machine
* Quantum machine learning
* Quantum metamaterial
* Quantum metrology
* Quantum network
* Quantum neural network
* Quantum optics
* Quantum programming
* Quantum sensors
* Quantum simulator
* Quantum teleportation
* Quantum levitation
* Time travel
* Quantum complexity theory

Extensions|

* Quantum statistical mechanics
* Relativistic quantum mechanics
* Quantum field theory
* Axiomatic quantum field theory
* Quantum field theory in curved spacetime
* Thermal quantum field theory
* Topological quantum field theory
* Local quantum field theory
* Conformal field theory
* Two-dimensional conformal field theory
* Liouville field theory
* History
* Quantum gravity

* Category
* Physics Portal
* Physics WikiProject
* Commons

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