Sinope (moon)

Short description: Moon of Jupiter

Sinope

Sinope photographed by the Haute-Provence Observatory on 14 August 1998

Discovery [1]
Discovered by| Seth B. Nicholson
Discovery site| Lick Observatory
Discovery date| 21 July 1914
Designations

Designation

| Jupiter IX
Pronunciation| /səˈnoʊpiː/[2][3]
Named after| Σινώπη Sinōpē
Adjectives| Sinopean[4] /saɪnəˈpiːən/[5]
Orbital characteristics [6]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Observation arc| 103.87 yr (37,938 days)

Semi-major axis

| 0.1629144 astronomical unit|AU (24,371,650 km)
Eccentricity| 0.3366550
Orbital period| –777.29 d
(2.13 years)
Mean anomaly| 71.53524°
Mean motion| 0° 27m 47.33s / day
Inclination| 158.63840° (to ecliptic)
Longitude of ascending node| 8.61437°

|{{{apsis}}}|helion}}

| 60.30205°
Satellite of| Jupiter
Group| Pasiphae group
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter| 35.0±0.6 km[7]
Rotation period| 13.16±0.10 h[8]
Albedo| 0.042±0.006[7]
Apparent magnitude| 18.3[9]
Absolute magnitude (H)| 11.1[6]

Sinope /səˈnoʊpiː/ is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Lick Observatory in 1914,[1] and is named after Sinope of Greek mythology.

Sinope did not receive its present name until 1975;[10][11] before then, it was simply known as Jupiter IX. It was sometimes called "Hades"[12] between 1955 and 1975.

## Contents

* 1 Orbit
* 2 Physical characteristics
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Orbit

Pasiphae group.

Sinope orbits Jupiter on a high-eccentricity and high-inclination retrograde orbit. Its orbit is continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations.[13] Sinope is believed to belong to the Pasiphae group of retrograde irregular moons.[14] However, given its mean inclination and different colour, Sinope could be also an independent object, captured independently, unrelated to the collision and break-up at the origin of the group.[15] The diagram illustrates Sinope's orbital elements in relation to other satellites of the group.

Sinope is also known to be in a secular resonance with Jupiter, similar to Pasiphae. However, Sinope can drop out of this resonance and has periods of both resonant and non-resonant behaviour in time scales of 107 years.[16]

## Physical characteristics

Sinope observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft in 2014

From measurements of its thermal emission, Sinope has an estimated diameter of 35 km (22 mi).[7] Sinope is red (colour indices B−V=0.84, R−V=0.46),[15] unlike Pasiphae, which is grey.

Sinope's infrared spectrum is similar to those of D-type asteroids but different from that of Pasiphae.[17] These dissimilarities of the physical parameters suggest a different origin from the core members of the group.

## See also

* Sinope in fiction

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nicholson, S. B. (1914). "Discovery of the Ninth Satellite of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 26 (1): 197–198. doi:10.1086/122336. PMID 16586574. PMC 1090718. Bibcode: 1914PASP...26..197N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0026//0000197.000.html.
2. ↑ "Sinope". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Sinope.
3. ↑ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
4. ↑ Sergey Vnukov (2010) "Sinopean Amphorae of the Roman Period", Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 16
5. ↑ Hector Stuart (1876) Ben Nebo, and Other Poems, p. 22
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "M.P.C. 111777". Minor Planet Circular. Minor Planet Center. 25 September 2018. https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2018/MPC_20180925.pdf.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Grav, T.Expression error: Unrecognized word "etal". (August 2015). "NEOWISE: Observations of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal 809 (1): 9. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/3. 3. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...809....3G.
8. ↑ Luu, Jane (September 1991). "CCD photometry and spectroscopy of the outer Jovian satellites". Astronomical Journal 102: 1213–1225. doi:10.1086/115949. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1991AJ....102.1213L.
9. ↑ Sheppard, Scott. "Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Carnegie Institution for Science. https://sites.google.com/carnegiescience.edu/sheppard/moons/jupitermoons. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
10. ↑ Nicholson, S. B. (April 1939). "The Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 51 (300): 85–94. doi:10.1086/125010. Bibcode: 1939PASP...51...85N. http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0051//0000093.000.html. (in which he declines to name the recently discovered satellites (pp. 93–94))
11. ↑ IAUC 2846: Satellites of Jupiter 1974 October (naming the moon)
12. ↑ Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Katherine Haramundanis (1970). Introduction to Astronomy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-478107-4.
13. ↑ Jacobson, R. A. (2000). "The orbits of outer Jovian satellites". Astronomical Journal 120 (5): 2679–2686. doi:10.1086/316817. Bibcode: 2000AJ....120.2679J. https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/2014/15175/1/00-1187.pdf.
14. ↑ Sheppard, S. S.; and Jewitt, D. C.; An Abundant Population of Small Irregular Satellites Around Jupiter, Nature, Vol. 423 (May 2003), pp. 261-263
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Grav, T.; Holman, M. J.; Gladman, B. J.; and Aksnes, K.; Photometric Survey of the Irregular Satellites, Icarus, Vol. 166 (2003), pp. 33-45
16. ↑ Nesvorný, D.; Beaugé, C.; Dones, L. (2004). "Collisional Origin of Families of Irregular Satellites". The Astronomical Journal 127 (3): 1768–1783. doi:10.1086/382099. Bibcode: 2004AJ....127.1768N. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/127/3/1768/203442.html.
17. ↑ Grav, T.; Holman, M. J. (2004). "Near-Infrared Photometry of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal 605 (2): L141–L144. doi:10.1086/420881. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...605L.141G.

## External links

* Sinope Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
* David Jewitt pages
* Jupiter's Known Satellites (by Scott S. Sheppard)
* Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES

* v
* t
* e

Moons of Jupiter

Listed in approximately increasing distance from Jupiter. Provisional designations in italics.

Inner moons|

* Metis
* Adrastea
* Amalthea
* Thebe

Galilean moons|

* Io
* Europa
* Ganymede
* Callisto

Themisto group|

* Themisto

Himalia group|

* Leda
* Himalia
* Ersa
* Pandia
* Lysithea
* Elara
* Dia

Carpo group|

* Carpo

Valetudo group|

* Valetudo

Ananke group|

* S/2003 J 12(?)
* Euporie
* Eupheme
* Jupiter LV
* Jupiter LII
* Thelxinoe
* Euanthe
* Helike
* Orthosie
* Jupiter LXVIII
* Jupiter LIV
* Jupiter LXIV
* Iocaste
* S/2003 J 16(?)
* Praxidike
* Harpalyke
* Mneme
* Hermippe
* Thyone
* Jupiter LXX
* Ananke

Carme group|

* Jupiter LXXII
* Herse
* Aitne
* Kale
* Taygete
* Jupiter LXI
* Chaldene
* S/2003 J 10(?)
* Erinome
* Kallichore
* Jupiter LXVI
* Jupiter LXIX
* Kalyke
* Carme
* Jupiter LXIII
* Pasithee
* Jupiter LI
* Eukelade
* Arche
* Isonoe
* S/2003 J 9(?)
* Eirene

Pasiphae group|

* Jupiter LXVII
* Philophrosyne
* S/2003 J 23(?)
* Aoede
* Callirrhoe
* Eurydome
* Kore
* Cyllene
* Jupiter LVI
* Jupiter LIX
* S/2003 J 4(?)
* Pasiphae
* Hegemone
* Sinope
* Sponde
* Autonoe
* Megaclite
* S/2003 J 2(?)

* Rings of Jupiter
* In fiction

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