Solar Terrestrial Probes program

Short description: Series of NASA missions

NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes program (STP) is a series of missions focused on studying the Sun-Earth system. It is part of NASA's Heliophysics Science Division within the Science Mission Directorate.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Objectives
* 2 Missions
* 2.1 TIMED
* 2.2 Hinode
* 2.3 STEREO
* 2.4 MMS
* 2.5 IMAP
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Objectives

* Understand the fundamental physical processes of the complex space environment throughout the Solar System, which includes the flow of energy and charged material, known as plasma, as well as a dynamic system of magnetic and electric fields.
* Understand how human society, technological systems, and the habitability of planets are affected by solar variability and planetary magnetic fields.
* Develop the capability to predict the extreme and dynamic conditions in space in order to maximize the safety and productivity of human and robotic explorers.

## Missions

### TIMED

Main article: Astronomy:TIMED

The TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics) is an orbiter mission dedicated to study the dynamics of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) portion of the Earth's atmosphere.[2] The mission was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California on December 7, 2001 aboard a Delta II rocket launch vehicle.[3]

### Hinode

Main article: Astronomy:Hinode (satellite)

Hinode, an ongoing collaboration with JAXA, is a mission to explore the magnetic fields of the Sun.[4] It was launched on the final flight of the M-V-7 rocket from Uchinoura Space Center, Japan on September 22, 2006.

### STEREO

Main article: Astronomy:STEREO

STEREO (Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory) is a solar observation mission.[5] It consists in two nearly identical spacecraft, launched on October 26, 2006.

### MMS

Main article: Physics:Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission

The Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) is a mission to study the Earth's magnetosphere, using four identical spacecraft flying in a tetrahedral formation.[6] The spacecraft were launched on March 13, 2015.

### IMAP

Main article: Astronomy:Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe

IMAP (Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe) is a heliosphere observation mission. Planned for launch in 2025, it will sample, analyze, and map particles streaming to Earth from the edges of interstellar space.[7]

## References

1. ↑ "Solar Terrestrial Probes". https://science.nasa.gov/heliophysics/programs/solar-terrestrial-probes.
2. ↑ "TIMED Web Site" (in en). http://www.timed.jhuapl.edu/WWW/index.php.
3. ↑ "Press Release". https://www.jhuapl.edu/PressRelease/011207.
4. ↑ "Hinode - About the Mission". https://hinode.msfc.nasa.gov/introduction.html.
5. ↑ "STEREO". https://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
6. ↑ "Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission". https://mms.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
7. ↑ Northon, Karen (2018-06-01). "NASA Selects Mission to Study Solar Wind Boundary of Solar System". http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-mission-to-study-solar-wind-boundary-of-outer-solar-system.

## External links

* NASA Goddard Space Flight Center - Solar Terrestrial Probes Program
* NASA Science Mission Directorate - Solar Terrestrial Probes Program

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