Solenoid (meteorology)

In the context of meteorology, a solenoid is a tube-shaped region in the atmosphere where isobaric (constant pressure) and isopycnal (constant density) surfaces intersect, causing vertical circulation.[1][2] They are so-named because they are driven by the solenoid term of the vorticity equation.[3] Examples of solenoids include the sea breeze circulation and the mountain–plains solenoid.[4][5]

## References

1. ↑ "Solenoid (meteorology)". McGraw-Hill Companies. 2008. doi:10.1036/1097-8542.634300. http://accessscience.com/content/Solenoid (meteorology)/634300.
2. ↑ Mike Pritchard (2011-02-04). "Notes on mountain plains solenoid literature from Koch et al., MWR, 2001". http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~mpritchard/bib/KocZhaKap01/index.html.
3. ↑ Eumetcal. "Sea Breeze". http://www.eumetcal.org/euromet/english/nwp/n2a20/n2a20005.htm.
4. ↑ "Sea and Land Breezes". University of Oklahoma. 2006. http://kkd.ou.edu/METR4433_Spring_2011/Land_Sea_Breezes.pdf.
5. ↑ Jianhua Sun; Fuqing Zhang (February 2012). "Impacts of Mountain–Plains Solenoid on Diurnal Variations of Rainfalls along the Mei-Yu Front over the East China Plains". Monthly Weather Review (American Meteorological Society) 140 (2): 379–397. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-11-00041.1. Bibcode: 2012MWRv..140..379S.

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