Traditional Chinese star names

Traditional Chinese star names (Chinese: 星名, xīng míng) are the names of stars used in ancient Chinese astronomy and astrology. Most of these names are enumerations within the respective Chinese constellations, but a few stars have traditional proper names.

## Single Star of Asterism

Name  | Romanization | Translation  | Western name  | Proper name  | Western constellation  | Comments

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軍南門  | Jūn Nán Mén | Southern Military Gate  | Phi Andromedae[1] |  | Andromeda | A single-star asterism within the Legs mansion.
玄戈  | Xuán Gē | Sombre Lance  | Lambda Boötis[2] | Xuange  | Boötes | A single-star asterism within the Purple Forbidden enclosure. Xuán Gē became the official name. Xuange for this star by approval of IAU in 30 June 2017[3]
大角  | Dà Jiǎo | Great Horn  | Alpha Boötis[4] | Arcturus | A single-star asterism within the Neck mansion.
招搖  | Zhāo Yáo | Twinkling Indicator  | Gamma Boötis[5] | Seginus  | A single-star asterism within the Root mansion.
積尸  | Jī Shī | Cumulative Corpses  | Messier 44[6] | Beehive Cluster  | Cancer | A single-star asterism within the Ghost mansion.
相  | Xiāng | Prime Minister  | 5 Canum Venoticarum[7] |  | Canes Venatici | A single-star asterism within the Purple Forbidden enclosure.
野雞  | Yě Jī | Wild Cockerel  | Nu2 Canis Majoris[8] |  | Canis Major | A single-star asterism within the Well mansion.
天狼  | Tiān Láng | Celestial Wolf  | Alpha Canis Majoris[8] | Sirius
老人  | Lǎo Rén | Old Man  | Alpha Carinae[8] | Canopus | Carina
附路  | Fù Lù | Auxiliary Road  | Zeta Cassiopeiae[1] | Fulu  | Cassiopeia | A single-star asterism in the Legs mansion. Fù Lù became the official name Fulu for this star by approval of IAU in 30 June 2017[3]
策  | Cè | Whip  | Gamma Cassiopeiae[1] |  | A single-star asterism in the Legs mansion.
土司空  | Tǔ Sī Kōng | Master of Constructions  | Beta Ceti [1] | Diphda  | Cetus
屎  | Shǐ | Excrement  | Mu Columbae[9] |  | Columba | A single-star asterism in the Three Stars mansion.
郎將  | Láng Jiāng | Captain of the Bodyguards  | 31 Comae Berenices[10] |  | Coma Berenices | A single-star asterism in the Supreme Palace enclosure.
長沙  | Cháng Shā | Changsha | Zeta Corvi[11] |  | Corvus | A single-star asterism in the Chariot mansion.
左轄  | Zuǒ Xiá | Left Linchpin  | Eta Corvi[11] |
右轄  | Yòu Xiá | Right Linchpin  | Alpha Corvi[11] | Alchiba
女史  | Nǚ Shǐ | Female Protocol  | Psi Draconis[12] | Dziban  | Draco | A single-star asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure.
柱史  | Zhù Shǐ | Official of Royal Archives  | Phi Draconis[12] |
钺  | Yuè | Battle Axe  | Eta Geminorum[13] | Propus  | Gemini | A single-star asterism in the Well mansion.
積薪  | Jī Xīn | Pile of Firewood  | Kappa Geminorum[8]
帝座  | Dì Zuò | Emperor's Seat  | Alpha Herculis[14] | Rasalgethi  | Hercules | A single-star asterism in the Heavenly Market enclosure.
太子  | Tài Zǐ | Crown Prince  | 93 Leonis[15] |  | Leo | A single-star asterism in the Supreme Palace enclosure.
從官  | Cóng Guān | Retinue  | 92 Leonis[15] |
虎賁  | Hǔ Bēn | Emperor’s Bodyguard  | 72 Leonis[15] |
日  | Rì | Sun  | Kappa Librae[16] |  | Libra | A single-star asterism in the Room mansion
騎陣將軍  | Qí Zhèn Jiāng Jūn | Chariots and Cavalry General  | Kappa1 Lupi[5] |  | Lupus | A single-star asterism in the Root mansion.
候  | Hòu | Astrologer  | Alpha Ophiuchi[14] | Rasalhague  | Ophiuchus  | A single-star asterism in the Heavenly Market enclosure.
積屍 | Jī Shī | Heap of Corpses  | Pi Persei[17][18] |  | Perseus | A single-star asterism in the Stomach mansion.
積水 | Jī Shuǐ | Stored Water  | Lambda Persei[17] |  |
天讒 | Tiān Chán | Celestial Slander  | 42 Persei[19] |  |
北落師門 | Běi Là Shī Mén | North Gate of the Military Camp  | Alpha Piscis Austrini[20] | Fomalhaut | Piscis Austrinus | A single-star asterism in the Encampment mansion
天綱 | Tiān Gāng | Materials for Making Tents  | Delta Piscis Austrini[20] |
農丈人 | Nóng Zhàng Rén | Peasant  | HD 172910[21] |  | Sagittarius | A single-star asterism in the Dipper mansion
鍵閉 | Jiàn Bì | Door Bolt  | Nu Scorpii[22] | Jabbah  | Scorpius  | A single-star asterism in the Room mansion
神宮 | Shén Gōng | Changing Room  | Mu2 Scorpii[23] | Pipirima  | A single-star asterism in the Tail mansion
魚 | Yú | Fish  | Messier 7[23] | Ptolemy Cluster
傅說 | Fù Yuè | Fuyue | G Scorpii[24] | Fuyue  | A single-star asterism in the Tail mansion. Fù Yuè became the official name Fuyue for this star by approval of IAU in 30 June 2017[3]
天乳 | Tiān Rǔ | Celestial Milk  | Mu Serpentis[5] |  | Serpens  | A single-star asterism in the Root mansion
月 | Yuè | Moon  | 37 Tauri[25] |  | Taurus | A single-star asterism in the Hairy Head mansion
附耳 | Fù Ěr | Whisper  | Sigma2 Tauri[26] |  | A single-star asterism in the Net mansion
天關 | Tiān Guān | Celestial Gate  | Zeta Tauri[27] | Tianguan  | A single-star asterism in the Net mansion. Tiān Guān became the official name Tianguan for this star by approval of IAU in 30 June 2017[3]
太尊 | Tài Zūn | Royal  | Psi Ursae Majoris[28] |  | Ursa Major | A single-star asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure
太陽守 | Tài Yáng Shǒu | Guard of the Sun  | Chi Ursae Majoris[28] | Taiyangshou  | A single-star asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure. Tài Yáng Shǒu became the official name Taiyangshou for this star by approval of IAU in 30 June 2017[3]
輔 | Fǔ | Assistant  | 80 Ursae Majoris[29] | Alcor | A single-star asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure.
天記 | Tiān Jì | Judge for Estimating the Age of Animals  | Lambda Velorum[30] | Suhail  | Vela | A single-star asterism in the Ghost mansion
謁者 | Yè Zhě | Usher to the Court  | 16 Virginis[31] |  | Virgo | A single-star asterism in the Supreme Palace enclosure.

## Star that Represent

Name  | Romanization | Translation  | Western name  | Proper name  | Western constellation  | Represent  | Romanization | Translation  | Description

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天市左垣六  | Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán liù | the Sixth Star of Left Wall  | Zeta Aquilae[32] | Okab  | Aquila | 吳越  | Wú Yuè | The state of Wu and Yue  | Left Wall (天市左垣, Tiānshìzuǒyuán) is the asterism in the Heavenly Market enclosure.
河鼓二  | Hé Gŭ èr | the Second Star of Drum at the River  | Alpha Aquilae[33] | Altair | 牛郎 or 牵牛  | Niúláng or Qiānniú | Niulang, Cowherd  | Niulang, the cowherd who fell in love with the daughter of the Jade Emperor in the Qixi Festival  Weaver Girl and the Cowherd folk story. Drum at the River (河鼓, Hégŭ) is the asterism in the Ox mansion.
紫微右垣六  | Zǐ Wēi Yòu Yuán liù | the Sixth Star of Right Wall  | Alpha Camelopardalis[34] |  | Camelopardalis | 少衛  | Shǎo Wèi | The Second Imperial Guard  | Right Wall (紫微右垣六, Zǐwēiyòuyuán) is the asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure.
|  |  | Phi Capricorni[35] |  | Capricornus  | 楚  | Chǔ | The state of Chu  | These stars is once of members of Twelve States (十二國, Shíèrguó), which is the asterism in the Girl mansion. The Twelve States refer to these ancient states in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period: Chu (楚), Dai (代), Han (韓), Jin (晉), Qi (齊), Qin (秦), Wei (魏), Yan (燕), Yue (越), Zhao (趙), Zheng (鄭), Zhou (周).
|  |  | Iota Capricorni[35] |  | 代一  | Dài yī | (First star of) The state of Dai
|  |  | 35 Capricorni[36] |  | 韓  | Hán | The state of Han
|  |  | 36 Capricorni[36] |  | 晉  | Jìn | The state of Jin
|  |  | Chi Capricorni[35] |  | 齊  | Qí | The state of Qi
|  |  | Theta Capricorni[35] |  | 秦一  | Qín yī | (First star of) The state of Qin
|  |  | 30 Capricorni[36] |  | 秦二  | Qín èr | (Second star of) The state of Qin
|  |  | 33 Capricorni[36] |  | 魏  |  Wèi | The state of Wei
|  |  | Zeta Capricorni[35] |  | 燕  | Yān | The state of Yan
|  |  | 19 Capricorni[36] |  | 越  | Yuè | The state of Yue
|  |  | 20 Capricorni[36] |  | 鄭  | Zhèng | The state of Zheng
|  |  | Eta Capricorni[35] |  | 周一  | Zhōu yī | (First star of) The state of Zhou
老人  | Lǎo Rén | Old Man  | Alpha Carinae[8] | Canopus  | Carina  | 壽  | Shòu | Longevity  | One of the "Three Stars", the Shou star is personified as the Old Man of the South Pole, believed to control the life spans of mortals. He is sometimes conflated with Laozi and corresponding gods of Taoist theology. Old Man is the asterism in the Well mansion.
紫微左垣七  | Zǐ Wēi Zuǒ Yuán qī | the Seventh Star of Right Wall  | Gamma Cephei[12] | Errai  | Cepheus | 少衛  | Shǎo Wèi | The Second Imperial Guard  | Right Wall (紫微右垣六, Zǐwēiyòuyuán) is the asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure.
太微左垣五  | Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán wǔ | the Fifth Star of Left Wall  | Alpha Comae Berenices[37] | Diadem  | Coma Berenices  | 東上將  | Dōng Shǎng Jiāng | The First Eastern General  | Left Wall (太微左垣, Tàiwēizuǒyuán) is the asterism in the Supreme Palace enclosure.
紫微左垣一  | Zǐ Wēi Zuǒ Yuán yī | the First Star of Left Wall  | Iota Draconis[12] | Edasich  | Draco  | 左樞  | Zuǒ Shū | The Left Pivot  | Left Wall (紫微左垣, Zǐwēizuǒyuán) is the asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure.
紫微左垣二  | Zǐ Wēi Zuǒ Yuán èr | the Second Star of Left Wall  | Theta Draconis[12] |  | 上宰  | Shǎng Zǎi | The First Premier
紫微左垣三  | Zǐ Wēi Zuǒ Yuán sān | the Third Star of Left Wall  | Eta Draconis[12] | Athebyne  | 少宰  | Shǎo Zǎi | The Second Premier
紫微左垣四  | Zǐ Wēi Zuǒ Yuán sì | the Fourth Star of Left Wall  | Zeta Draconis[12] | Aldhibah  | 上弼  | Shǎng Bì | The First Minister
紫微左垣五  | Zǐ Wēi Zuǒ Yuán wǔ | the Fifth Star of Left Wall  | Upsilon Draconis[12] |  | 少弼  | Shǎo Bì | The Second Minister
紫微右垣一  | Zǐ Wēi Yòu Yuán yī | the First Star of Right Wall  | Alpha Draconis[34] | Thuban | 右樞  | Yòu Shū | The Right Pivot  | Right Wall (紫微右垣, Zǐwēiyòuyuán) is the asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure.
紫微右垣二  | Zǐ Wēi Yòu Yuán èr | the Second Star of Right Wall  | Kappa Draconis[34] |  | 少尉  | Shǎo Wèi | The Second Chief Judge
紫微右垣三  | Zǐ Wēi Yòu Yuán sān | the Third Star of Right Wall  | Lambda Draconis[34] | Giausar  | 上輔  | Shǎng Fǔ | The First Minister
天市左垣一  | Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán yī | the First Star of Left Wall  | Delta Herculis[32] | Sarin  | Hercules | 魏  | Wèi | The state of Wei  | Left Wall (天市左垣, Tiānshìzuǒyuán) is the asterism in the Heavenly Market enclosure.
天市左垣二  | Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán èr | the Second Star of Left Wall  | Lambda Herculis[32] | Maasym  | 趙  | Zhào | The state of Zhao
天市左垣三  | Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán sān | the Third Star of Left Wall  | Mu Herculis[32] |  | 九河  | Jiǔ Hé | Jiuhe
天市左垣四  | Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán sì | the Fourth Star of Left Wall  | Omicron Herculis[32] |  | 中山  | Zhōng Shān | Zhongshan
天市右垣一  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán yī | the First Star of Right Wall  | Beta Herculis[38] | Kornephoros  | 河中  | Hé Zhōng | Hezhong | Right Wall (天市左垣, Tiānshìyòuyuán) is the asterism in the Heavenly Market enclosure.
天市右垣二  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán èr | the Second Star of Right Wall  | Gamma Herculis[38] |  | 河間  | Hé Jiān | Hejian
天市右垣三  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán sān | the Third Star of Right Wall  | Kappa Herculis[38] | Marsic  | 晉  | Jìn | The state of Jin
太微右垣二  | Tài Wēi Yòu Yuán èr | the Second Star of Right Wall  | Sigma Leonis[39] |  | Leo  | 西上將  | Xī Shǎng Jiāng | The First Western General  | Right Wall (太微右垣, Tàiwēiyòuyuán) is the asterism in the Supreme Palace enclosure.
太微右垣三  | Tài Wēi Yòu Yuán sān | the Third Star of Right Wall  | Iota Leonis[39] |  | 西次將  | Xī Cì Jiāng | The Second Western General
太微右垣四  | Tài Wēi Yòu Yuán sì | the Fourth Star of Right Wall  | Theta Leonis[39] | Chertan  | 西次相  | Xī Cì Xiāng | The Second Western Minister
太微右垣五  | Tài Wēi Yòu Yuán wǔ | the Fifth Star of Right Wall  | Delta Leonis[39] | Zosma  | 西上相  | Xī Shǎng Xiāng | The First Western Minister
織女一  | Zhī Nǚ yī | the First Star of Weaving Girl  | Alpha Lyrae[33] | Vega | Lyra | 織女  | Zhī Nǚ | Weaving Girl  | After the Qixi Festival  Weaver Girl and the Cowherd folk story. Weaving Girl (織女, Zhīnǚ) is the asterism in the Ox mansion.
天市左垣九  | Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán jiǔ | the Ninth Star of Left Wall  | Nu Ophiuchi[32] |  | Ophiuchus  | 燕  | Yān | The state of Yan  | Left Wall (天市左垣, Tiānshìzuǒyuán) is the asterism in the Heavenly Market enclosure.
天市左垣十一  | Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán shíyī | the Eleventh Star of Left Wall  | Eta Ophiuchi[32] | Sabik  | 宋  | Sòng | The state of Song
天市右垣九  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán jiǔ | the Ninth Star of Right Wall  | Delta Ophiuchi[38] | Yed Prior  | 梁  | Liáng | The state of Liang  | Right Wall (天市左垣, Tiānshìyòuyuán) is the asterism in the Heavenly Market enclosure.
天市右垣十  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán shí | the Tenth Star of Right Wall  | Epsilon Ophiuchi[38] | Yed Posterior  | 楚  | Chǔ | The state of Chu
天市右垣十一  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán shíyī | the Eleventh Star of Right Wall  | Zeta Ophiuchi[38] |  | 韓  | Hán | The state of Han
天市左垣七  | Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán qī | the Seventh Star of Left Wall  | Theta Serpentis[32] | Alya  | Serpens  | 徐  | Xú | The state of Xu  | Left Wall (天市左垣, Tiānshìzuǒyuán) is the asterism in the Heavenly Market enclosure.
天市左垣八  | Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán bā | the Eighth Star of Left Wall  | Eta Serpentis[32] |  | 東海  | Dōng Hǎi | Dong Hai
天市左垣十  | Tiān Shì Zuǒ Yuán shí | the Tenth Star of Left Wall  | Xi Serpentis[32] |  | 南海  | Nán Hǎi | Nan Hai
天市右垣四  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán sì | the Fourth Star of Right Wall  | Gamma Serpentis[38] |  | 鄭  | Zhèng | The state of Zheng  | Right Wall (天市右垣, Tiānshìyòuyuán) is the asterism in the Heavenly Market enclosure.
天市右垣五  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán wǔ | the Fifth Star of Right Wall  | Beta Serpentis[38] |  | 周  | Zhōu | The state of Zhou
天市右垣六  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán liù | the Sixth Star of Right Wall  | Delta Serpentis[38] |  | 秦  | Qín | The state of Qin
天市右垣七  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán qī | the Seventh Star of Right Wall  | Alpha Serpentis[38] | Unukalhai  | 蜀  | Shǔ | The state of Shu
天市右垣八  | Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán bā | the Eighth Star of Right Wall  | Epsilon Serpentis[38] |  | 巴  | Bā | The state of Ba
紫微右垣四  | Zǐ Wēi Yòu Yuán sì | the Fourth Star of Right Wall  | 24 Ursae Majoris[29] |  | Ursa Major  | 少辅  | Shǎo Fǔ | The Second Minister  | Right Wall (紫微右垣, Zǐwēiyòuyuán) is the asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure.
北斗一  | Běi Dǒu yī | the First Star of Northern Dipper  | Alpha Ursae Majoris[40] | Dubhe  | 天樞  | Tiān Shū | The Celestial Pivot  | Northern Dipper (北斗, Běidǒu) is the asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure.
北斗二  | Běi Dǒu èr | the Second Star of Northern Dipper  | Beta Ursae Majoris[40] | Merak  | 天璇  | Tiān Xuán | The Celestial Rotating Jade
北斗三  | Běi Dǒu sān | the Third Star of Northern Dipper  | Gamma Ursae Majoris[40] | Phecda  | 天璣  | Tiān Jī | The Celestial Shining Pearl
北斗四  | Běi Dǒu sì | the Fourth Star of Northern Dipper  | Delta Ursae Majoris[40] | Megrez  | 天權  | Tiān Quán | The Celestial Balance
北斗五  | Běi Dǒu wǔ | the Fifth Star of Northern Dipper  | Epsilon Ursae Majoris[40] | Alioth  | 玉衡  | Yù Héng | The Jade Sighting-Tube
北斗六  | Běi Dǒu liù | the Sixth Star of Northern Dipper  | Zeta Ursae Majoris[40] | Mizar
禄 | Lù | Status  | One of the "Three Stars", the Lu star is believed to be Zhang Xian, who lived during the Later Shu dynasty. The word lu specifically refers to the salary of a government official. As such, the Lu star is the star of prosperity, rank, and influence.
開陽 | Kāi Yáng | The Opener of Heat  | Northern Dipper (北斗, Běidǒu) is the asterism in the Purple Forbidden enclosure.
北斗七  | Běi Dǒu qī | the Seventh Star of Northern Dipper  | Eta Ursae Majoris[40] | Alkaid  | 搖光  | Yáo Guāng | The Twinkling Brilliance
|  |  | Iota Ursae Majoris[28] | Talitha  | 上台一  | Shàng Tái yī | The First Upper Step  | These stars is once of members of Three Steps (三台, Sāntái), which is the asterism in the Supreme Palace enclosure mansion. The Three Steps represent three rank official, or triple deck room in the heaven. They are The Upper Step (上台, Shàngtái), The Middle Step (中台, Zhōngtái) and The Lower Step (下台, Xiàtái).
|  |  | Kappa Ursae Majoris[28] | Alkaphrah  | 上台二  | Shàng Tái èr | The Second Upper Step
|  |  | Lambda Ursae Majoris[28] | Tania Borealis  | 中台一  | Zhōng Tái yī | The First Middle Step
|  |  | Mu Ursae Majoris[28] | Tania Australis  | 中台一  | Zhōng Tái èr | The Second Middle Step
|  |  | Nu Ursae Majoris[28] | Alula Borealis  | 下台一  | Xià Tái yī | The First Lower Step
|  |  | Xi Ursae Majoris[28] | Alula Australis  | 下台二  | Xià Tái èr | The Second Lower Step
太微左垣一  | Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán yī | the First Star of Left Wall  | Eta Virginis[37] | Zaniah  | Virgo  | 左執法  | Zuǒ Zhí Fǎ | The Left Law Administrator  | Left Wall (太微左垣, Tàiwēizuǒyuán) is the asterism in the Supreme Palace enclosure.
太微左垣二  | Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán èr | the Second Star of Left Wall  | Gamma Virginis[37] | Porrima  | 東上相  | Dōng Shàng Xiàng | The First Eastern Minister
太微左垣三  | Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán sān | the Third Star of Left Wall  | Delta Virginis[37] | Minelauva  | 東次相  | Dōng Cì Xiàng | The Second Eastern Minister
太微左垣四  | Tài Wēi Zuǒ Yuán sì | the Fourth Star of Left Wall  | Epsilon Virginis[37] | Vindemiatrix  | 東次將  | Dōng Cì Jiàng | The Second Eastern General
太微右垣一  | Tài Wēi Yòu Yuán yī | the First Star of Right Wall  | Beta Virginis[39] | Zavijava  | 右執法  | Yòu Zhí Fǎ | The Right Law Administrator  | Right Wall (太微右垣, Tàiwēiyòuyuán) is the asterism in the Supreme Palace enclosure.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 9 日
2. ↑ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 14 日
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Naming Stars". IAU.org. https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
4. ↑ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 28 日
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 29 日
6. ↑ Ian Ridpath's Startales - Cancer the Crab
7. ↑ Ian Ridpath's Startales - Canis Venatici the Hunting Dogs
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 16 日
9. ↑ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 15 日
10. ↑ Ian Ridpath's Startales - Coma Berenices the Berenice's Hair
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 (in Chinese)AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 22 日
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 10 日
13. ↑ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 5 月 26 日
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 25 日
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Ian Ridpath's Startales - Leo the Lion
16. ↑ Ian Ridpath's Startales - Libra the Scales
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 11 日
18. ↑ Allen (1899) associated the name with Algol. See : Perseus, the Champion
19. ↑ Ian Ridpath's Startales - Perseus
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 7 日
21. ↑ Ian Ridpath's Startales - Sagittarius the Archer
22. ↑ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 30 日
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 5 月 10 日
24. ↑ Ian Ridpath's Startales -Scorpius the Scorpion
25. ↑ Ian Ridpath's Startales - Taurus the Bull
26. ↑ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 5 月 23 日
27. ↑ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 5 月 24 日
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 28.7 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 21 日
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Ian Ridpath's Startales - Ursa Major the Great Bear
30. ↑ (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 17 日
31. ↑ Ian Ridpath's Startales - Virgo teh Virgin
32. ↑ 32.00 32.01 32.02 32.03 32.04 32.05 32.06 32.07 32.08 32.09 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 23 日
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 3 日
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 11 日
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 (in Chinese)AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 7 月 4 日
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 Ian Ridpath's Startales - Capricornus the Sea Goat
37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 18 日
38. ↑ 38.00 38.01 38.02 38.03 38.04 38.05 38.06 38.07 38.08 38.09 38.10 (in Chinese)AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 24 日
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 19 日
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 (in Chinese) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 15 日

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Stars

Formation|

* Accretion
* Molecular cloud
* Bok globule
* Young stellar object
* Protostar
* Pre-main-sequence
* Herbig Ae/Be
* T Tauri
* FU Orionis
* Herbig–Haro object
* Hayashi track
* Henyey track

Evolution|

* Main sequence
* Red-giant branch
* Horizontal branch
* Red clump
* Asymptotic giant branch
* Blue loop
* Protoplanetary nebula
* Planetary nebula
* PG1159
* Dredge-up
* Instability strip
* Luminous blue variable
* Blue straggler
* Stellar population
* Supernova
* Superluminous supernova / Hypernova

Spectral
classification|

* Early
* Late
* Main sequence
* O
* B
* A
* F
* G
* K
* M
* Brown dwarf
* WR
* OB
* Subdwarf
* O
* B
* Subgiant
* Giant
* Blue
* Red
* Yellow
* Bright giant
* Supergiant
* Blue
* Red
* Yellow
* Hypergiant
* Yellow
* Carbon
* S
* CN
* CH
* White dwarf
* Chemically peculiar
* Am
* Ap/Bp
* HgMn
* Helium-weak
* Barium
* Extreme helium
* Lambda Boötis
* Lead
* Technetium
* Be
* Shell
* B[e]

Remnants|

* White dwarf
* Helium planet
* Black dwarf
* Neutron
* Radio-quiet
* Pulsar
* Binary
* X-ray
* Magnetar
* Stellar black hole
* X-ray binary
* Burster

Hypothetical|

* Blue dwarf
* Green
* Black dwarf
* Exotic
* Boson
* Electroweak
* Strange
* Preon
* Planck
* Dark
* Dark-energy
* Quark
* Q
* Black
* Gravastar
* Frozen
* Quasi-star
* Thorne–Żytkow object
* Iron
* Blitzar

Stellar
nucleosynthesis|

* Deuterium burning
* Lithium burning
* Proton–proton chain
* CNO cycle
* Helium flash
* Triple-alpha process
* Alpha process
* Carbon burning
* Neon burning
* Oxygen burning
* Silicon burning
* S-process
* R-process
* Fusor
* Nova
* Symbiotic
* Remnant
* Luminous red nova

Structure|

* Core
* Convection zone
* Microturbulence
* Oscillations
* Radiation zone
* Atmosphere
* Photosphere
* Starspot
* Chromosphere
* Corona
* Stellar wind
* Bubble
* Bipolar outflow
* Accretion disk
* Asteroseismology
* Helioseismology
* Eddington luminosity
* Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism

Properties|

* Designation
* Dynamics
* Effective temperature
* Luminosity
* Kinematics
* Magnetic field
* Absolute magnitude
* Mass
* Metallicity
* Rotation
* Starlight
* Variable
* Photometric system
* Color index
* Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
* Color–color diagram

Star systems|

* Binary
* Contact
* Common envelope
* Eclipsing
* Symbiotic
* Multiple
* Cluster
* Open
* Globular
* Super
* Planetary system

Earth-centric
observations|

* Sun
* Solar System
* Sunlight
* Pole star
* Circumpolar
* Constellation
* Asterism
* Magnitude
* Apparent
* Extinction
* Photographic
* Radial velocity
* Proper motion
* Parallax
* Photometric-standard

Lists|

* Proper names
* Arabic
* Chinese
* Extremes
* Most massive
* Highest temperature
* Largest volume
* Smallest volume
* Brightest
* Historical
* Most luminous
* Nearest
* Nearest bright
* With exoplanets
* Brown dwarfs
* White dwarfs
* Milky Way novae
* Supernovae
* Candidates
* Remnants
* Planetary nebulae
* Timeline of stellar astronomy

Related articles|

* Substellar object
* Brown dwarf
* Sub-brown dwarf
* Planet
* Galactic year
* Galaxy
* Guest
* Gravity
* Intergalactic
* Starfield
* Tidal disruption event

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