Zeta Cephei

Short description: Star in the constellation Cepheus

Zeta Cephei

Location of ζ Cephei (circled)

Observation data
Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS)
Constellation | Cepheus
Right ascension |  22h 10m 51.277s[1]
Declination | +58° 12′ 04.54″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) | 3.35[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage | Red supergiant[3]
Spectral type | K1.5 Ib[4]
B−V color index | +1.55[2]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ)|  RA: 13.359±0.148[1] mas/yr
Dec.: 5.275±0.183[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)| 3.2972 ± 0.1456[1] mas
Distance| 992.7+51.2
−46 ly
(304.5+15.7
−14.1 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)| −4.7[3]
Details
Mass| 10.1±0.1[5] M☉
Radius| 172.7+7.5
−8.3[6] R☉
Luminosity| 10,024±1,052[6] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)| 0.75[7] cgs
Temperature| 4,393±58[6] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]| +0.04[6] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)| 10.64[8] km/s
Other designations

21 Cephei, BD+57°2475, FK5 836, Gaia DR2 2199493438511811712, HD 210745, HIP 109492, HR 8465, SAO 34137[9]

Database references
SIMBAD| data

Zeta Cephei is a red supergiant star in the northern constellation of Cepheus. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ζ Cephei, and abbreviated Zeta Cep or ζ Cep. With an apparent visual magnitude of 3.35,[2] it is a third-magnitude star that is visible to the naked eye. Based on parallax measurements, it is located about 1000 light-years away from the Earth. Zeta Cephei marks the left shoulder of Cepheus, a mythical King of Aethiopia. It is one of the fundamental stars of the MK spectral sequence, defined as type K1.5 Ib.

## Characteristics

Zeta Cephei has a spectral classification of K1.5Ib,[4] indicating that it is a lower luminosity red supergiant star. It is about 173 times larger than the Sun and has a surface temperature of 4,393 K.[6] The luminosity of Zeta Cephei is approximately 10,000 times that of the Sun.[6] At a distance of about 840 light-years,[10] Zeta Cephei has an apparent magnitude (m) of 3.4 and an absolute magnitude (M) of -3.7.[11] The star has a metallicity similar to the Sun.[6]

At a mass of 10.1 M☉, Zeta Cephei might end its life in a core-collapse supernova, and has been listed as a likely pre-supernova candidate by a 2022 study. It could also provide observable pre-supernova neutrino signals, just hours before the core collapses.[5]

Hekker et al. (2008) have detected a periodicity of 533 days, hinting at the possible presence of an as yet unseen companion.[12] It is listed as a candidate eclipsing binary with a very small amplitude.[13] However, spectroscopic measurements made from 1993 to 2015 do not support the presence of the companion.[11]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ducati, J. R. (2002-01-01). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system.". VizieR Online Data Catalog 2237. Bibcode: 2002yCat.2237....0D. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002yCat.2237....0D. Zeta Cephei's database entry at VizieR.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Luck, R. E. (1982). "The chemical composition of late-type supergiants. IV - Homogeneous abundances and galactic metallicity trends". Astrophysical Journal 256: 177. doi:10.1086/159895. Bibcode: 1982ApJ...256..177L.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Morgan, W. W.; Keenan, P. C. (1973). "Spectral Classification". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 11: 29–50. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333. Bibcode: 1973ARA&A..11...29M.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Machado, L. N. et al. (2022-08-12). "Pre-supernova Alert System for Super-Kamiokande" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 935 (1): 40. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7f9c. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...935...40M.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Baines, Ellyn K. et al. (November 2021). "Angular Diameters and Fundamental Parameters of Forty-Four Stars from the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer". The Astronomical Journal 162 (5): 198. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac2431. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162..198B.
7. ↑ Mallik, Sushma V. (December 1999). "Lithium abundance and mass". Astronomy and Astrophysics 352: 495–507. Bibcode: 1999A&A...352..495M.
8. ↑ Hekker, S.; Meléndez, J. (2007). "Precise radial velocities of giant stars. III. Spectroscopic stellar parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics 475 (3): 1003. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078233. Bibcode: 2007A&A...475.1003H.
9. ↑ "zet Cep". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=zet+Cep.
10. ↑ van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 (2): 653–664. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. Bibcode: 2007A&A...474..653V. http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full/2007/41/aa8357-07/aa8357-07.html. Vizier catalog entry
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 R. F., Griffin (April 2015). "Spectroscopic binary orbits from photoelectric radial velocities. Paper 241: HR 1884, HD 174103, HD 182563, and HR 8442, with a note on zeta Cephei" (in en). The Observatory 135. ISSN 0029-7704. Bibcode: 2015Obs...135...71G.
12. ↑ Hekker (2008). "Precise radial velocities of giant stars. IV. A correlation between surface gravity and radial velocity variation and a statistical investigation of companion properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics 480 (1): 215–222. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078321. Bibcode: 2008A&A...480..215H.
13. ↑ Samus, N. N. et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007–2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S 1: 02025. Bibcode: 2009yCat....102025S.

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* v
* t
* e

Cepheus constellation

Stars (list)|

| Bayer|

* α (Alderamin)
* β (Alfirk)
* γ (Errai)
* δ
* ε
* ζ
* η
* θ
* ι
* κ
* λ
* μ (Garnet Star)
* ν
* ξ (Kurhah)
* ο
* π
* ρ1
* ρ2

|

Flamsteed|

* 4
* 6
* 7
* 9
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 18
* 19
* 20
* 24
* 25
* 26
* 30
* 31
* 77 Dra
* 78 Dra
* 79 Dra
* 80 Dra
* 2 UMi

Variable|

* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* RW
* RZ
* SV
* VV
* VW
* WX
* WZ
* XX
* XZ
* ZZ
* AH
* AK
* BH
* BO
* CP
* CQ
* CR
* CW
* CX
* DH
* DI
* DO
* DQ
* EE
* EG
* EI
* EK
* EM
* GP
* GW
* IL
* IR
* IV
* NY
* OV
* PQ
* PV
* V350
* V354
* V368
* V374
* V379
* V380
* V381
* V388
* V398
* V408
* V414
* V419
* V421
* V422
* V426
* V431
* V438
* V444
* V458

HR|

* 20
* 55
* 158
* 240
* 306
* 312
* 333
* 357
* 386
* 572
* 597
* 774
* 881
* 906
* 961
* 965
* 1107
* 1304
* 1317
* 1523
* 1616
* 1885
* 7742
* 7925
* 7938
* 7955
* 7967
* 7993
* 8029
* 8043
* 8049
* 8065
* 8099
* 8119
* 8133
* 8150
* 8168
* 8174
* 8179
* 8226
* 8239
* 8243
* 8281
* 8312
* 8327
* 8342
* 8347
* 8357
* 8374
* 8375
* 8384
* 8388
* 8395
* 8442
* 8472
* 8474
* 8476
* 8479
* 8483
* 8490
* 8493
* 8506
* 8535
* 8537
* 8546
* 8557
* 8568
* 8595
* 8598
* 8599
* 8625
* 8677
* 8683
* 8687
* 8696
* 8702
* 8707
* 8736
* 8745
* 8748
* 8779
* 8808
* 8811
* 8844
* 8867
* 8918
* 8938
* 8952
* 8971
* 8972
* 9005
* 9013
* 9038
* 9104

HD|

* 12918
* 12927
* 25904
* 200775
* 204521
* 204827
* 207538
* 207826
* 208132
* 208392
* 212136
* 215588
* 217903
* 224890

Gliese|

* Gliese 48
* Gliese 809
* GJ 1277

Other|

* Cepheus A HW 2
* Cepheus X-4
* IRAS 21391+5802
* Kruger 60
* NGC 7538 IRS 1
* NGC 7538 IRS 9
* OH 104.9+2.4
* PSR B2224+65
* PSR J2229+6114
* S140 IRS 1
* TYC 3980-1081-1
* 4U 2206+54
* WISE 0313+7807
* WR 152
* WR 156

Star clusters|

| Association|

* Cepheus OB2
* Cepheus OB3
* Cepheus OB4

|

Open|

* NGC 188
* NGC 6939
* NGC 7023
* NGC 7129
* NGC 7142
* NGC 7160
* NGC 7226
* NGC 7234
* NGC 7261
* NGC 7281
* NGC 7380
* NGC 7419
* NGC 7423
* NGC 7429
* NGC 7510
* NGC 7762
* S 140
* Trumpler 37

Globular|

* Palomar 1

Molecular clouds|

* Cepheus A
* Cepheus B
* Cepheus C

Nebulae|

| Dark|

* Barnard 150
* CB 244
* Elephant's Trunk Nebula
* IC 1396N
* L1157
* L1228

|

H II|

* IC 1396
* NGC 7538
* NGC 7822
* S 128
* S 140
* S 155
* S 156

Reflection|

* Ghost Nebula
* Iris Nebula
* NGC 7129
* VdB 157

Planetary|

* NGC 40
* NGC 7076
* NGC 7139
* NGC 7354

SNR|

* CTA 1
* SSTGFLS J222557+601148

Galaxies|

| NGC|

* 1184
* 1544
* 2276
* 2300
* 6949
* 6952

|

Other|

* 3C 61.1
* 3C 427.1
* 4C +74.26
* QSO B2021+614
* S5 0014+81

Other|

* GRB 980519
* SN 2008S

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*[Dec.:]: Declination
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