Anthony James Leggett

Sir

Anthony Leggett

KBE FRS HonFInstP

Leggett in 2007

Born|

Anthony James Leggett

(1938-03-26) 26 March 1938 (age 88)[1]

Camberwell, London, England

Citizenship| United Kingdom
United States
Alma mater| University of Oxford (BA, DPhil)
Known for|

* Caldeira–Leggett model of quantum dissipation
* Leggett–Garg inequality
* Leggett inequality
* Superfluid phase of helium-3

Spouse(s)|

Haruko Kinase (m. 1972)

Awards|

* Maxwell Medal and Prize (1975)
* FRS (1980)[2]
* IOP Dirac Medal (1992)
* Nobel Prize in Physics (2003)
* Wolf Prize in Physics (2002)
* KBE (2004)

Scientific career
Fields| Physics
Institutions|

* University of Sussex
* University of Waterloo
* Institute for Quantum Computing
* University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Thesis|  (1964)
Doctoral advisor| Dirk ter Haar[3]
Doctoral students|

* Amir Caldeira[4]
* Matthew Fisher[3]
* Mohit Randeria

Sir Anthony James Leggett (born 26 March 1938) is a British–American theoretical physicist and professor emeritus at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC).[5] Leggett is widely recognised as a world leader in the theory of low-temperature physics, and his pioneering work on superfluidity was recognised by the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics.[6] He has shaped the theoretical understanding of normal and superfluid helium liquids and strongly coupled superfluids.[7] He set directions for research in the quantum physics of macroscopic dissipative systems and use of condensed systems to test the foundations of quantum mechanics.[8][9]

## Contents

* 1 Early life and education
* 2 Career
* 3 Research
* 4 Awards and honours
* 5 Personal life
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Early life and education

Leggett was born in Camberwell, south London, and raised Catholic.[10] His father's forebears were village cobblers in a small village in Hampshire; Leggett's grandfather broke with this tradition to become a greengrocer; his father would relate how he used to ride with him to buy vegetables at the Covent Garden market in London. His mother's parents were of Irish descent; her father had moved to Britain and worked as a clerk in the naval dockyard in Chatham.[10] His maternal grandmother, who survived into her eighties, was sent out to domestic service at the age of twelve. She eventually married his grandfather and raised a large family, then in her late sixties emigrated to Australia to join her daughter and son-in-law, and finally returned to the UK for her last years.

His father and mother were each the first in their families to receive a university education; they met and became engaged while students at the Institute of Education at the University of London, but were unable to get married for some years because his father had to care for his own mother and siblings. His father worked as a secondary school teacher of physics, chemistry and mathematics. His mother also taught secondary school mathematics for a time, but had to give this up when he was born. He was eventually followed by two sisters, Clare and Judith, and two brothers, Terence and Paul, all raised in their parents' Roman Catholic faith. Leggett ceased to be a practising Catholic in his early twenties.[10]

He later attended Beaumont College, a Jesuit school in Old Windsor. He and his two younger brothers, Terrence and Paul, attended Beaumont as a consequence of his father's appointment to teach science at the college. While there, Leggett primarily studied classics, since that was generally regarded as the most prestigious field at the time; this study led directly to his Greats degree while at Oxford. Despite Leggett's emphasis on classics at Beaumont, his father ran an evening 'science club' for his younger son and a couple of others. In his last year at Beaumont, Leggett won every single prize for the subjects that he studied that year.

Leggett won a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford, in December 1954 and entered the University the following year with the intention of reading the degree technically known as Literae Humaniores (classics). After completing his first degree he began a second undergraduate degree, this time in physics at Merton College, Oxford.[11] One person who was willing to overlook Leggett's unorthodox credentials was Dirk ter Haar, then a reader in theoretical physics and a fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; so Leggett signed up for research under ter Haar's supervision. As with all of ter Haar's students in that period, the tentatively assigned thesis topic was "Some Problems in the Theory of Many-Body Systems", which left a considerable degree of latitude.

## Career

Leggett spent the period August 1964 – August 1965 as a postdoctoral research fellow at UIUC, and David Pines and his colleagues (John Bardeen, Gordon Baym, Leo Kadanoff and others) provided a fertile environment. He then spent a year in the group of Professor Takeo Matsubara at Kyoto University in Japan.

After one more postdoctoral year which he spent in "roving" mode, spending time at Oxford, Harvard, and Illinois, in the autumn of 1967 he took up a lectureship at the University of Sussex, where he was to spend the majority of the next fifteen years of his career. During the mid 1970s, he spent considerable time in Japan at the University of Tokyo and also at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, Ghana.

In early 1982 he accepted an offer from UIUC of the MacArthur Chair with which the university had recently been endowed. As he had already committed himself to an eight-month stay as a visiting scientist at Cornell in early 1983,[12] he finally arrived in Urbana in the early fall of that year, and has been there ever since.

Leggett's own research interests shifted away from superfluid 3He since around 1980; he worked inter alia on the low-temperature properties of glasses, high-temperature superconductivity, the Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) atomic gases and above all on the theory of experiments to test whether the formation of quantum mechanics will continue to describe the physical world as we push it up from the atomic level towards that of everyday life.

From 2006 to 2016, he also held a position at the Institute for Quantum Computing in Waterloo, Canada.

As of April 2023, he is chief scientist at the Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, a research institute at the UIUC.

In 2013, he became the founding director of the Shanghai Center for Complex Physics.[13]

## Research

His research focuses on cuprate superconductivity, superfluidity in highly degenerate atomic gases, low temperature properties of amorphous solids, conceptual issues in the formulation of quantum mechanics and topological quantum computation.

The edition of 29 December 2005 of the International Herald Tribune printed an article, "New tests of Einstein's 'spooky' reality", which referred to Leggett's Autumn 2005 debate at a conference in Berkeley, California, with fellow Nobel laureate Norman Ramsey of Harvard University.[14] Both debated the worth of attempts to change quantum theory. Leggett thought attempts were justified, Ramsey opposed. Leggett believes quantum mechanics may be incomplete because of the quantum measurement problem.

## Awards and honours

Leggett is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Russian Academy of Sciences (foreign member), the Indian National Science Academy, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1980,[2] a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1985, and American Institute of Physics, and an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics (HonFInstP) in 1998.[15]

He was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics (with V. L. Ginzburg and A. A. Abrikosov) for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics (UK). He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours "for services to physics".[16] He also won the 2002/2003 Wolf Foundation Prize for research on condensed forms of matter (with B. I. Halperin). He was also honoured with the Eugene Feenberg Memorial Medal (1999). He has been elected as a Foreign Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy (2011).

## Personal life

In June 1973, he married Haruko Kinase. They met at Sussex University, in Brighton, England. In 1978, they had a daughter Asako.[10] His wife Haruko earned a PhD[10] in cultural anthropology from UIUC and has done research on the hospice system.[10] Their daughter, Asako, also graduated from UIUC with a joint major in geography and chemistry. She holds dual US/UK citizenship.[10]

## See also

* List of University of Waterloo people

## References

1. ↑ ",". Who's Who. 2015 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U44434. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Fellows of the Royal Society". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150316060617/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Anthony James Leggett at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
4. ↑ Freire Jr., Olival; Pessoa Jr., Osvaldo; Bromberg, Joan Lisa (January 2011) (in portuguese). Teoria quântica: estudos históricos e implicações culturais. Campina Grande, Brazil: SciELO – EDUEPB. p. 71. ISBN 978-8578791261. https://books.google.com/books?id=8TMnAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA71.
5. ↑ "Anthony Leggett UIUC Faculty page". http://www.physics.uiuc.edu/people/Leggett/.
6. ↑ "Nobel Prize in Physics 2003.". http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2003/.
7. ↑ A. J. Leggett. (1975). "A theoretical description of the new phases of liquid 3He". Rev. Mod. Phys. 47 (2): 331–414. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.47.331. Bibcode: 1975RvMP...47..331L.
8. ↑ A. O. Caldeira and A. J. Leggett. (1983). "Quantum tunneling in a dissipative system". Ann. Phys. 149 (2): 374–456. doi:10.1016/0003-4916(83)90202-6. Bibcode: 1983AnPhy.149..374C. Archived from the original on 8 July 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100708152443/http://www.icmt.illinois.edu/publications/leggett/1983AnnPhys-QuantumTunnellingInADissipativeSystem.pdf.
9. ↑ "The Problems of Physics – A conversation with Tony Leggett" , Ideas Roadshow, 2013
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 "Anthony J. Leggett – Autobiography". https://nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2003/leggett/biographical.
11. ↑ Levens, R.G.C., ed (1964). Merton College Register 1900–1964. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. p. 511.
12. ↑ "Energy Programs | Principal Investigators". https://www.bnl.gov/energy/ces/cv/leggett.asp.
13. ↑ "上海复杂物理研究中心". http://sccp.physics.sjtu.edu.cn/Info.php?pnum=2&num=105.
14. ↑ "New tests of Einstein's 'spooky' reality"
15. ↑ "Tony Leggett" (in en). https://physics.illinois.edu/people/directory/profile/aleggett.
16. ↑ No. 57315. 12 June 2004. p. 23. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/57315/supplement/23

## External links

* Miss nobel-id as parameter  including the Nobel Lecture Superfluid 3-He: The Early Days as Seen by a Theorist

* v
* t
* e

Laureates of the Wolf Prize in Physics

1970s|

* Chien-Shiung Wu (1978)
* George Uhlenbeck / Giuseppe Occhialini (1979)

1980s|

* Michael Fisher / Leo Kadanoff / Kenneth G. Wilson (1980)
* Freeman Dyson / Gerardus 't Hooft / Victor Weisskopf (1981)
* Leon M. Lederman / Martin Lewis Perl (1982)
* Erwin Hahn / Peter Hirsch / Theodore Maiman (1983–84)
* Conyers Herring / Philippe Nozières (1984–85)
* Mitchell Feigenbaum / Albert J. Libchaber (1986)
* Herbert Friedman / Bruno Rossi / Riccardo Giacconi (1987)
* Roger Penrose / Stephen Hawking (1988)

1990s|

* Pierre-Gilles de Gennes / David J. Thouless (1990)
* Maurice Goldhaber / Valentine Telegdi (1991)
* Joseph H. Taylor Jr. (1992)
* Benoît Mandelbrot (1993)
* Vitaly Ginzburg / Yoichiro Nambu (1994–95)
* John Wheeler (1996–97)
* Yakir Aharonov / Michael Berry (1998)
* Dan Shechtman (1999)

2000s|

* Raymond Davis Jr. / Masatoshi Koshiba (2000)
* Bertrand Halperin / Anthony Leggett (2002–03)
* Robert Brout / François Englert / Peter Higgs (2004)
* Daniel Kleppner (2005)
* Albert Fert / Peter Grünberg (2006–07)

2010s|

* John F. Clauser / Alain Aspect / Anton Zeilinger (2010)
* Maximilian Haider / Harald Rose / Knut Urban (2011)
* Jacob Bekenstein (2012)
* Peter Zoller / Juan Ignacio Cirac (2013)
* James D. Bjorken / Robert P. Kirshner (2015)
* Yoseph Imry (2016)
* Michel Mayor / Didier Queloz (2017)
* Charles H. Bennett / Gilles Brassard (2018)

2020s|

* Rafi Bistritzer / Pablo Jarillo-Herrero / Allan H. MacDonald (2020)

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Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Physics

1901–1925|

* 1901: Röntgen
* 1902: Lorentz / Zeeman
* 1903: Becquerel / P. Curie / M. Curie
* 1904: Rayleigh
* 1905: Lenard
* 1906: J. J. Thomson
* 1907: Michelson
* 1908: Lippmann
* 1909: Marconi / Braun
* 1910: Van der Waals
* 1911: Wien
* 1912: Dalén
* 1913: Kamerlingh Onnes
* 1914: Laue
* 1915: W. L. Bragg / W. H. Bragg
* 1916
* 1917: Barkla
* 1918: Planck
* 1919: Stark
* 1920: Guillaume
* 1921: Einstein
* 1922: N. Bohr
* 1923: Millikan
* 1924: M. Siegbahn
* 1925: Franck / Hertz

1926–1950|

* 1926: Perrin
* 1927: Compton / C. Wilson
* 1928: O. Richardson
* 1929: De Broglie
* 1930: Raman
* 1931
* 1932: Heisenberg
* 1933: Schrödinger / Dirac
* 1934
* 1935: Chadwick
* 1936: Hess / C. D. Anderson
* 1937: Davisson / G. P. Thomson
* 1938: Fermi
* 1939: Lawrence
* 1940
* 1941
* 1942
* 1943: Stern
* 1944: Rabi
* 1945: Pauli
* 1946: Bridgman
* 1947: Appleton
* 1948: Blackett
* 1949: Yukawa
* 1950: Powell

1951–1975|

* 1951: Cockcroft / Walton
* 1952: Bloch / Purcell
* 1953: Zernike
* 1954: Born / Bothe
* 1955: Lamb / Kusch
* 1956: Shockley / Bardeen / Brattain
* 1957: C. N. Yang / T. D. Lee
* 1958: Cherenkov / Frank / Tamm
* 1959: Segrè / Chamberlain
* 1960: Glaser
* 1961: Hofstadter / Mössbauer
* 1962: Landau
* 1963: Wigner / Goeppert Mayer / Jensen
* 1964: Townes / Basov / Prokhorov
* 1965: Tomonaga / Schwinger / Feynman
* 1966: Kastler
* 1967: Bethe
* 1968: Alvarez
* 1969: Gell-Mann
* 1970: Alfvén / Néel
* 1971: Gabor
* 1972: Bardeen / Cooper / Schrieffer
* 1973: Esaki / Giaever / Josephson
* 1974: Ryle / Hewish
* 1975: A. Bohr / Mottelson / Rainwater

1976–2000|

* 1976: Richter / Ting
* 1977: P. W. Anderson / Mott / Van Vleck
* 1978: Kapitsa / Penzias / R. Wilson
* 1979: Glashow / Salam / Weinberg
* 1980: Cronin / Fitch
* 1981: Bloembergen / Schawlow / K. Siegbahn
* 1982: K. Wilson
* 1983: Chandrasekhar / Fowler
* 1984: Rubbia / Van der Meer
* 1985: von Klitzing
* 1986: Ruska / Binnig / Rohrer
* 1987: Bednorz / Müller
* 1988: Lederman / Schwartz / Steinberger
* 1989: Ramsey / Dehmelt / Paul
* 1990: Friedman / Kendall / R. Taylor
* 1991: de Gennes
* 1992: Charpak
* 1993: Hulse / J. Taylor
* 1994: Brockhouse / Shull
* 1995: Perl / Reines
* 1996: D. Lee / Osheroff / R. Richardson
* 1997: Chu / Cohen-Tannoudji / Phillips
* 1998: Laughlin / Störmer / Tsui
* 1999: 't Hooft / Veltman
* 2000: Alferov / Kroemer / Kilby

2001–
present|

* 2001: Cornell / Ketterle / Wieman
* 2002: Davis / Koshiba / Giacconi
* 2003: Abrikosov / Ginzburg / Leggett
* 2004: Gross / Politzer / Wilczek
* 2005: Glauber / Hall / Hänsch
* 2006: Mather / Smoot
* 2007: Fert / Grünberg
* 2008: Nambu / Kobayashi / Maskawa
* 2009: Kao / Boyle / Smith
* 2010: Geim / Novoselov
* 2011: Perlmutter / Riess / Schmidt
* 2012: Wineland / Haroche
* 2013: Englert / Higgs
* 2014: Akasaki / Amano / Nakamura
* 2015: Kajita / McDonald
* 2016: Thouless / Haldane / Kosterlitz
* 2017: Weiss / Barish / Thorne
* 2018: Ashkin / Mourou / Strickland
* 2019: Peebles / Mayor / Queloz

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2003 Nobel Prize laureates

Chemistry|

* Peter Agre (United States)
* Roderick MacKinnon (United States)

Economic Sciences|

* Robert F. Engle (United States)
* Clive Granger (United Kingdom)

Literature|

* J. M. Coetzee (South Africa)

Peace|

* Shirin Ebadi (Iran)

Physics|

* Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Soviet Union/Russia)
* Vitaly Ginzburg (Soviet Union)
* Anthony James Leggett (United Kingdom)

Physiology or Medicine|

* Paul Lauterbur (United States)
* Peter Mansfield (United Kingdom)

Nobel Prize recipients
1990

2000

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Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1980

Fellows|

* Muhammad Akhtar
* Zbigniew Basinski
* Dick Bishop
* John Brooksby
* Paul Cohn
* Henry Daniels
* Phil Elliott
* D. H. Everett
* F. Gerard Friedlander
* Brian Gunning
* W. D. Hamilton
* Marshall Hatch
* Leslie Iversen
* Kenneth Jack
* William Jarrett
* Niels Jerne
* Anthony Laughton
* Dick Laws
* Anthony Leggett
* Graham Liggins
* Tony Linnane
* Alan Muir Wood
* Roger Parsons
* Montague Pennell
* George Radda
* Humphrey Rang
* Mark Richmond
* Derek Roberts
* John Shercliff
* Louis Siminovitch
* Herbert Smith
* Walter Spear
* Grenville Turner
* Lawrence Weiskrantz
* Walter Thompson Welford
* Bill Wittrick
* Lewis Wolpert

Foreign|

* Hannes Alfvén
* Philip Warren Anderson

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