John of St Amand

John of St Amand, Canon of Tournay (c. 1230–1303), also known as Jean de Saint-Amand and Johannes de Sancto Amando,[1] was a Medieval author on pharmacology, teaching at the University of Paris.[2] He wrote treatises on a variety of topics including magnetism and experimental method.

## Writings

Among St Amand's many treatises was one on the magnet.[3] His pharmacopoeia was the Commentary on the Antedotary of Nicholas.[4]

Like Roger Bacon (c. 1219–c. 1292)) after him, St Amand wrote on experimental method. The historian of science Lynn Thorndike explains that St Amand "asserts that experimentum alone is 'timorous and fallacious,' but that 'fortified by reason' it gives 'experimental knowledge.'" In her view, what St Amand meant was that experimentation had to be methodical, and used alongside theory. On simples used in herbal medicine, St Amand stated specific rules for practical testing: he advised that the specimen had to be pure; that the test should be on a simple disease; that the test be repeated; and that the dose should depend on the patient. Thorndike notes that both St Amand and Albertus Magnus preceded Bacon in their use of the phrase "experimental knowledge".[5]

## References

1. ↑ "Jean de Saint-Amand". Bibliotheque Nationale de France. http://data.bnf.fr/13169389/jean_de_saint-amand/. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
2. ↑ Bjork, Robert E. (2010). John of St-Amand. Oxford. ISBN 9780199574834. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001/acref-9780198662624-e-3205.
3. ↑ Thorndike, Lynn (October 1946). "John of St. Amand on the Magnet". Isis 36 (3/4): 156–157. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/347936.
4. ↑ "Clinical pharmacology in the Middle Ages: principles that presage the 21st century". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 67 (5): 447–50. May 2000. doi:10.1067/mcp.2000.106465. PMID 10824622.
5. ↑ Thorndike, Lynn (May 1914). "Roger Bacon and Experimental Method in the Middle Ages". Philosophical Review 23 (3): 271–298.

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