Karl Ludwig Harding

FRS

Harding by Edme Quenedey

Born| (1765-09-29)29 September 1765

Lauenburg/Elbe, Saxe-Lauenburg

Died| 31 August 1834(1834-08-31) (aged 68)

Göttingen, Kingdom of Hanover

Alma mater| University of Göttingen
Known for| 3 Juno, astronomical discoveries
Awards| Lalande Prize

Karl Ludwig Harding (29 September 1765 – 31 August 1834) was a German astronomer, who discovered Juno, the third asteroid of the main-belt in 1804.

## Contents

* 1 Life and career
* 2 Honours and awards
* 3 Works
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Life and career

Harding was born in Lauenburg. From 1786–1789, he was educated at the University of Göttingen, where he studied theology, mathematics, and physics.[1] In 1796, Johann Hieronymus Schröter hired Harding as a tutor for his son. Schröter was an enthusiastic astronomer and owner of a well-equipped observatory in Lilienthal near Bremen, where Harding was soon appointed observer and inspector.

In 1800, he was among the 24 astronomers invited to participate in the celestial police, a group dedicated to finding additional planets in the Solar System. As part of the group, in 1804, Harding discovered Juno at Schröter's observatory. In the next year he left Lilienthal, where his successor became Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, as he was appointed extraordinary professor of astronomy at the University of Göttingen, since 1812 as ordinary professor. He worked at Göttingen Observatory, since 1807 as colleague of Carl Friedrich Gauss, until his sudden death in 1834.[2][1]

In addition to Juno, he discovered three comets and the variable stars R Virginis, R Aquarii, R Serpentis and S Serpentis.[3] Furthermore, he found some new nebulae,[4] among them being the Helix Nebula or "the Eye of God". His main opus was the Atlas novus coelestis, the first star atlas without splendid but confusing mythological figures.

## Honours and awards

Harding was corresponding member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Göttingen since 1803 and full member since 1806,[5] corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences since 1810,[6] elected as member of the Royal Society in London in 1806,[7] and associate member of the Royal Astronomical Society since 1821.[8] From the government he was awarded the title "Hofrath" (Councillor of the court).[9]

In 1804, he was awarded the Lalande Prize.[10]

The lunar crater Harding and the asteroid 2003 Harding are named in his honor.[11]

## Works

Minor planets discovered: 1[12] 3 Juno | 1 September 1804 | MPC

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* Atlas novus coelestis (1808–1823; re-edited by Jahn, 1856) which catalogued 120,000 stars
* Kleine astronomische Ephemeriden (edited with Wiessen, 1830–35)
* Hora XV and XXIII of the series Berliner Akademische Sternkarten (Berlin Academic Star Charts) (1826, 1830)

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hockey, Thomas (2009). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58581.html. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
2. ↑ Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds (1905). "Harding, Karl Ludwig". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
3. ↑ Zsoldos, E. (1994). "Three Early Variable Star Catalogues". Journal for the History of Astronomy 25 (2): 92–98. doi:10.1177/002182869402500202. Bibcode: 1994JHA....25...92Z.
4. ↑ Harding, Karl Ludwig (1824). "Astronomische Nachrichten, Beobachtungen des diesjährigen Kometen [..., neue Nebelflecke [...]"]. in Bode, J. E.. Astronomisches Jahrbuch für das Jahr 1827 (Volume 52). Berlin: Ferd. Dümmler. pp. 131–135. https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10538356?page=139.
5. ↑ "Carl Ludwig Harding". Niedersächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. https://adw-goe.de/mitglieder/?tx_find_find[__referrer][@extension]=Find&tx_find_find[__referrer][@controller]=Search&tx_find_find[__referrer][@action]=index&tx_find_find[__referrer][arguments]=YTowOnt9b6d4e0734ea20bcafe25803daca502ee52579de9&tx_find_find[__referrer][@request]={"@extension":"Find","@controller":"Search","@action":"index"}a191c3ea4436cf01fca51b5985f59eeefe0305c1&tx_find_find[__trustedProperties]={"q":{"default":1}}b6f34fb16399247fb46d6dfdf0edb66a94783c82&tx_find_find[q][default]=Harding#members-paginator-top.
6. ↑ "Les membres du passé". Académie des Sciences – Institut de France. https://www.academie-sciences.fr/fr/Liste-des-membres-depuis-la-creation-de-l-Academie-des-sciences/les-membres-du-passe-dont-le-nom-commence-par-h.html.
7. ↑ "Carl Ludwig Harding". The Royal Society. https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/Overview.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&r=(((Surname='Harding'))) And (((Forenames='Karl') And (Forenames='Ludwig'))).
8. ↑ "Karl Ludwig Harding". The Royal Astronomical Society. 29 September 1765. https://www.ras.ac.uk/obituaries/Karl_Ludwig/Harding.
9. ↑ Karl Christian Bruhns 1879.
10. ↑ Maindron, Ernest (1881). Les fondations de prix à l'Académie des sciences : les lauréats de l'Académie 1714-1880. pp. 65–69. https://books.google.com/books?id=biIgAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA460.
11. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2003) Harding". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2003) Harding. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 162. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2004. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
12. ↑ "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 23 May 2016. http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

* Karl Christian Bruhns (1879), "Harding, Karl Ludwig" (in de), Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB), 10, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 593–594
* Willy Jahn (1966) (in de), Harding, Karl Ludwig, 7, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 666–667, https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0001/bsb00016325/images/index.html?seite=680none ; (full text online)
* N. N.: Biographical notice of Professor Harding. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 3 (1835), S. 86 (Orbituary)

## External links

* Publications by K. L. Harding in Astrophysics Data System

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