Leon Glass

Short description: American scientist (born 1943)

Leon Glass

Born|  (1943-03-29) March 29, 1943 (age 83)

Brooklyn, New York

Alma mater| Brooklyn College
University of Chicago
Awards| Guggenheim Fellowship (1994)
Royal Society of Canada Fellow (1998)
American Physical Society Fellow (1999)
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Fellow (2009)
Scientific career
Institutions| University of Edinburgh
University of Chicago
University of Rochester
McGill University
Doctoral advisor| Stuart Rice

Leon Glass (born 1943) is an American scientist who has studied various aspects of the application of mathematical and physical methods to biology, with special interest in vision, cardiac arrhythmia, and genetic networks.

## Contents

* 1 Biography
* 2 Work
* 3 Publications
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Biography

Leon Glass was born in Brooklyn, NY where he attended Erasmus Hall High School (Class of 1959) and majored in Chemistry at Brooklyn College (Class of 1963).[1] He obtained a Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1968 from the University of Chicago studying theory of atomic motions in simple liquids.[2] Glass was a postdoctoral fellow in machine intelligence and perception (University of Edinburgh), theoretical biology (University of Chicago), and physics and astronomy (University of Rochester).[3]

In 1975, Glass joined the department of physiology at McGill University, where he is professor emeritus[4] and the Isadore Rosenfeld chair in Cardiology.[5] He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1994[6] and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1998),[7] the American Physical Society (1999),[8] and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2009).[9] Leon Glass is a father of two and lives in Montreal, Canada.[1]

Glass is also a French horn player, and is part of the executive committee of the I Medici di McGill Orchestra, an orchestra consisting mainly of McGill University's medical students and professors.[10]

## Work

Glass' early work and eponymous patterns were fostered by mentor Christopher Longuet-Higgins, who guided him in the application of statistical methods to visual perception.[11] Glass patterns are formed from superimposed random dot patterns: an original image with a second image which has been generated through a linear or nonlinear transformation of the original.[12] A variety of different spatial patterns such as circles, spirals, hyperbolae, can be perceived in the superimposed image set, depending on the nature of the transformation between the two sets of dots. This discovery provided insight into mathematical nature of human perception by suggesting that the visual cortex is capable of computing a large number of autocorrelations in parallel.[12]

David Marr first coined the term "Glass patterns" in his 1982 work on visual perception,[13] resulting in an increased interest in the phenomenon. Because of their mathematical simplicity and physiological underpinnings, Glass patterns have subsequently been used in dozens of electrophysiology and visual psychophysics experiments, resulting in additional understanding of the physiology of visual perception.[11]

Glass may be best known for his work with colleagues at McGill University, suggesting that certain physiological disorders may be considered dynamical diseases. These are characterized by sudden changes in the qualitative dynamics of a physiological control mechanism, which leads to disease. These features are illustrated in the Mackey-Glass equations.[14][15] According to James Gleick, who recounted conversations with Glass in his book  Making a New Science, foundational work in chaos by the McGill group was performed using animal models.[16] He quotes Glass saying: "Many different rhythms can be established between a stimulus and a little piece of chicken heart".[16] Since the initial description of dynamical diseases, a large number of researchers have analyzed mathematical models of physiological systems. Examples of dynamical diseases have been described in medical fields as diverse as hematology, cardiology, neurology, and psychiatry.[17][18] Dynamical disease modeling has been used to understand cardiac arrhythmia, and specific model detection algorithms are now being programmed into pacemakers so that pathological patterns can be detected and corrected.[19]

## Publications

Books

* Glass, Leon; Mackey, Michael C. (1988). From Clocks to Chaos: The Rhythms of Life. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-08496-1. https://archive.org/details/fromclockstochao00glas.
(Translated into Russian (1991), Chinese (1995), Portuguese (1997)).
* Daniel Kaplan; Leon Glass (1995). Understanding Nonlinear Dynamics. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-94440-1. https://archive.org/details/understandingnon0000kapl.

Selected articles

* Glass, Leon (1969). "Moire effect from random dots". Nature 223 (5206): 578–580. doi:10.1038/223578a0. PMID 5799528. Bibcode: 1969Natur.223..578G.
* Glass, Leon; Kauffman, Stuart (1973). "The logical analysis of continuous, non-linear biochemical control networks". Journal of Theoretical Biology 39 (1): 103–129. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(73)90208-7. PMID 4741704. Bibcode: 1973JThBi..39..103G.
* Mackey, Michael C.; Glass, Leon (1977). "Oscillation and chaos in physiological control systems". Science 197 (4300): 287–289. doi:10.1126/science.267326. PMID 267326. Bibcode: 1977Sci...197..287M.
* Guevara, Michael R.; Glass, Leon; Shrier, Alvin (1981). "Phase locking, period-doubling bifurcations, and irregular dynamics in periodically stimulated cardiac cells". Science 214 (4527): 1350–1353. doi:10.1126/science.7313693. PMID 7313693. Bibcode: 1981Sci...214.1350G.
* Glass, Leon (2001). "Synchronization and rhythmic processes in physiology". Nature 410 (6825): 277–284. doi:10.1038/35065745. PMID 11258383. Bibcode: 2001Natur.410..277G.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Leon Glass Curriculum Vitae". http://www.medicine.mcgill.ca/physio/glasslab/pub_pdf/leoncv.pdf.
2. ↑ Glass, Leon (1968). Theory of atomic motions in simple liquids (Thesis). University of Chicago. OCLC 49445341.
3. ↑ "My Career in Mathematical Biology: A Personal Journey". http://www.smb.org/publications/newsletter/bios/vol23no2_glass.pdf.
4. ↑ "Leon Glass - Emeritus Professor" (in en). https://www.mcgill.ca/physiology/directory/core-faculty/leon-glass.
5. ↑ "Named/Endowed Chair Appointments at McGill University". https://www.mcgill.ca/apo/listings/named-chairs#g.
6. ↑ "Fellows: John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation". http://www.gf.org/fellows.
7. ↑ "Fellows, The Royal Society of Canada". http://rsc-src.ca/en/search-fellows.
8. ↑ "Archive (1990-Present), Fellows of the American Physical Society". http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=G&year=&unit_id=&institution=.
9. ↑ "SIAM Fellows: Class of 2009". http://fellows.siam.org/index.php?sort=year&value=2009.
10. ↑ "Executive Committee 2015 -". I Medici di McGill Orchestra. http://www.imedici.mcgill.ca/Pub/Pub_Main_Display.asp?LC_Docs_ID=5963.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Glass, Leon; Smith, Matthew A. (2011). "Glass Patterns". Scholarpedia 6 (8): 9594. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.9594. Bibcode: 2011SchpJ...6.9594G.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Glass, Leon (1969). "Moire effect from random dots". Nature 223 (5206): 578–580. doi:10.1038/223578a0. PMID 5799528. Bibcode: 1969Natur.223..578G.
13. ↑ Marr, David (1982). Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information. Freeman. https://archive.org/details/vision00davi.
14. ↑ Mackey, Michael C.; Glass, Leon (1977). "Oscillation and chaos in physiological control systems". Science 197 (4300): 287–289. doi:10.1126/science.267326. PMID 267326. Bibcode: 1977Sci...197..287M.
15. ↑ Glass, Leon; Mackey, Michael C. (1979). "Pathological conditions resulting from instabilities in physiological control systems". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 316 (1): 214–235. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb29471.x. PMID 288317. Bibcode: 1979NYASA.316..214G.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Gleick, James (1987). Chaos: Making a New Science. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-7493-8606-1.
17. ↑ Belair, Jacques; Glass, Leon; an der Heiden, Uwe; Milton, John (1995). "Dynamical Disease: Identification, Temporal Aspects and Treatment Strategies for Human Illness". Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 5 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1063/1.166069. PMID 12780147. Bibcode: 1995Chaos...5....1B. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/wmkeckscience/6.
18. ↑ Milton, John; Jung, Peter (2003). Epilepsy as a Dynamic Disease. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-42762-9.
19. ↑ Glass, Leon; Tateno, Katsumi, "Detection of cardiac arrhythmia using mathematical representation of standard .DELTA.RR probability density histograms", US patent 7146206, published 2006-12-05, assigned to Medtronic

## External links

* Leon Glass homepage at McGill University.
* Predicting the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death on YouTube, lecture recorded on January 20, 2012 at University of Vermont Complex Systems Center.

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