Leonid Hurwicz

Short description: Polish–American economist and mathematician (1917–2008)

Leonid Hurwicz

Hurwicz in 2005

Born| (1917-08-21)August 21, 1917

Moscow, Russian Republic

Died| June 24, 2008(2008-06-24) (aged 90)

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Citizenship| Poland , United States
Institution| University of Minnesota
Iowa State College
Cowles Commission
University of Chicago
Alma mater| University of Warsaw
Graduate Institute of International Studies
London School of Economics
Doctoral
students| Clifford Hildreth
Stanley Reiter
Daniel McFadden
Richard B. McHugh
Leigh Tesfatsion
Myrna Wooders
Influences| Tjalling Koopmans
Jacob Marschak
Friedrich Hayek
Contributions| Mechanism design
Awards| National Medal of Science (1990)
Nobel Memorial Prize (2007)
Information at IDEAS / RePEc

Leonid Hurwicz (Polish pronunciation: [lɛˈɔɲit ˈxurvitʂ]; August 21, 1917 – June 24, 2008) was a Polish–American economist and mathematician, known for his work in game theory and mechanism design.[1][2] He originated the concept of incentive compatibility, and showed how desired outcomes can be achieved by using incentive compatible mechanism design. Hurwicz shared the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson) for his seminal work on mechanism design.[3] Hurwicz was one of the oldest Nobel Laureates, having received the prize at the age of 90.

Hurwicz was educated and grew up in Poland, and became a refugee in the United States after Hitler invaded Poland in 1939. In 1941, Hurwicz worked as a research assistant for Paul Samuelson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Oskar Lange at the University of Chicago. He was a research associate for the Cowles Commission between 1942 and 1946. In 1946 he became an associate professor of economics at Iowa State College. Hurwicz joined the University of Minnesota in 1951, becoming Regents' Professor of Economics in 1969, and Curtis L. Carlson Professor of Economics in 1989. He was Regents' Professor of Economics (Emeritus) at the University of Minnesota when he died in 2008.

Hurwicz was among the first economists to recognize the value of game theory and was a pioneer in its application.[4][5] Interactions of individuals and institutions, markets and trade are analyzed and understood today using the models Hurwicz developed.[6]

## Contents

* 1 Personal life
* 2 Education and early academic career
* 3 Teaching and research
* 4 Awards and honors
* 4.1 Memberships and honorary degrees
* 4.2 Named for Hurwicz
* 4.3 Nobel Prize in Economics
* 5 Publications
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Personal life

Hurwicz was born in Moscow, Russia , to a family of Polish Jews a few months before the October Revolution. Soon after Leonid's birth, the family returned to Warsaw.[7] Hurwicz and his family experienced persecution by both the Bolsheviks and Nazis,[8] as he again became a refugee when Germany invaded Poland in 1939. His parents and brother fled Warsaw, only to be arrested and sent to Soviet labor camps. Hurwicz, who had graduated from Warsaw University in 1938, at the time of Nazi invasion on Poland was in London, moved to Switzerland then to Portugal and finally in 1940 he emigrated to the United States . His family eventually joined him there.[9][10]

Hurwicz hired Evelyn Jensen (born October 31, 1923), who grew up on a Wisconsin farm and was, at the time, an undergraduate in economics at the University of Chicago, as his teaching assistant during the 1940s. They married on July 19, 1944[11] and later lived at a number of locations in Minneapolis. They had four children: Sarah, Michael, Ruth and Maxim.[9]

His interests included linguistics, archaeology, biochemistry and music.[7] His activities outside the field of economics included research in meteorology and membership in the NSF Commission on Weather Modification. When Eugene McCarthy ran for president of the United States, Hurwicz served in 1968 as a McCarthy delegate from Minnesota to the Democratic Party Convention and a member of the Democratic Party Platform Committee. He helped design the 'walking subcaucus' method of allocating delegates among competing groups, which is still used today by political parties. He remained an active Democrat, and attended his precinct caucus in February 2008 at the age of 90.[11]

He was hospitalized in mid-June 2008, suffering from renal failure. He died a week later in Minneapolis.[12][13]

## Education and early academic career

Encouraged by his father to study law,[7] in 1938 Hurwicz received his LL.M. degree from the University of Warsaw, where he discovered his future vocation in economics class. He then studied at the London School of Economics with Nicholas Kaldor and Friedrich Hayek.[9] In 1939 he moved to Geneva where he studied at the Graduate Institute of International Studies.[7][14] After moving to the United States he continued his studies at Harvard University and the University of Chicago.[7] Hurwicz had no degree in economics. In 2007 he said, "Whatever economics I learned I learned by listening and learning."[15]

In 1941 Hurwicz was a research assistant to Paul Samuelson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and to Oskar Lange at the University of Chicago.[11] At Illinois Institute of Technology during the war, Hurwicz taught electronics to the U.S. Army Signal Corps.[16] From 1942 to 1944, at the University of Chicago, he was a member of the faculty of the Institute of Meteorology and taught statistics in the Department of Economics. About 1942 his advisors were Jacob Marschak and Tjalling Koopmans at the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics at the University of Chicago,[17] now the Cowles Foundation at Yale University.

## Teaching and research

Hurwicz received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1945–1946.[14] In 1946 he became an associate professor of economics at Iowa State College.[11] From January 1942 until June 1946, he was a research associate for the Cowles Commission. Joining full-time in October 1950 until January 1951, he was a visiting professor, assuming Koopmans' classes in the Department of Economics, and led the commission's research on theory of resource allocation.[14] He was also a research professor of economics and mathematical statistics at the University of Illinois, a consultant to the RAND Corporation through the University of Chicago and a consultant to the U.S. Bureau of the Budget.[18] Hurwicz continued to be a consultant to the Cowles Commission until about 1961.[19]

Hurwicz was recruited by Walter Heller[8] to the University of Minnesota in 1951, where he became a professor of economics and mathematics in the School of Business Administration.[14] He spent most of the rest of his career there, but it was interspersed with studies and teaching elsewhere in the United States and Asia. In 1955 and again in 1958 Hurwicz was a visiting professor, and a fellow on the second visit, at Stanford University and there in 1959 published "Optimality and Informational Efficiency in Resource Allocation Processes" on mechanism design.[11] He taught at Bangalore University in 1965 and, during the 1980s, at Tokyo University, People's University (now Renmin University of China) and the University of Indonesia. In the United States he was a visiting professor at Harvard (1969), at the University of California, Berkeley (1976–1977),[20] at Northwestern University twice in 1988 and 1989, at the University of California, Santa Barbara (1998), the California Institute of Technology (1999) and the University of Michigan in (2002). He was a visiting distinguished professor at the University of Illinois in 2001.[11]

Twin of Heller Hall, named for Walter Heller, Department of Economics, University of Minnesota, West Bank

Back at Minnesota, Hurwicz became chairman of the Statistics Department in 1961, Regents Professor of Economics in 1969, and Curtis L. Carlson Regents Professor of Economics in 1989.[11] He taught subjects ranging from theory to welfare economics, public economics, mechanisms and institutions and mathematical economics.[8] Although he retired from full-time teaching in 1988,[10] Hurwicz taught graduate school as professor emeritus most recently in the fall of 2006.[10] In 2007 his ongoing research was described by the University of Minnesota as "comparison and analysis of systems and techniques of economic organization, welfare economics, game-theoretic implementation of social choice goals, and modeling economic institutions."[21]

Hurwicz's interests included mathematical economics and modeling and the theory of the firm.[5] His published works in these fields date back to 1944.[22] He is internationally renowned for his pioneering research on economic theory, particularly in the areas of mechanism and institutional design and mathematical economics. In the 1950s, he worked with Kenneth Arrow on non-linear programming;[5] in 1972 Arrow became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Economics prize.[23] Hurwicz was the graduate advisor to Daniel McFadden,[24] who received the prize in 2000.[25]

Earlier economists often avoided analytic modeling of economic institutions. Hurwicz's work was instrumental in showing how economic models can provide a framework for the analysis of systems, such as capitalism and socialism, and how the incentives in such systems affect members of society.[26] The theory of incentive compatibility that Hurwicz developed changed the way many economists thought about outcomes, explaining why centrally planned economies may fail and how incentives for individuals make a difference in decision making.[24]

Hurwicz served on the editorial board of several journals. He co-edited and contributed to two collections for Cambridge University Press : Studies in Resource Allocation Processes (1978, with Kenneth Arrow) and Social Goals and Social Organization (1987, with David Schmeidler and Hugo Sonnenschein). His most recent articles were published in the journals "Economic Theory" (2003, with Thomas Marschak), "Review of Economic Design" (2001, with Stanley Reiter) and "Advances in Mathematical Economics" (2003, with Marcel K. Richter).[27] Hurwicz presented the Fisher-Schultz (1963), Richard T. Ely (1972), David Kinley (1989) and Colin Clark (1997) lectures.[citation needed]

## Awards and honors

### Memberships and honorary degrees

Hurwicz was elected a fellow of the Econometric Society in 1947 and in 1969 was the society's president. Hurwicz was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1965.[28] In 1974 he was inducted into the National Academy of Sciences and in 1977 was named a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association.[9] Hurwicz received the National Medal of Science in 1990 in Behavioral and Social Science, presented to him by President of the United States George H. W. Bush, "for his pioneering work on the theory of modern decentralized allocation mechanisms".[5][11]

He served on the United Nations Economic Commission in 1948 and the United States National Research Council in 1954. In 1964 he was a member of the National Science Foundation Commission on Weather Modification. He was a member of the American Academy of Independent Scholars (1979) and a Distinguished Scholar of the California Institute of Technology (1984).[11]

Hurwicz received six honorary doctorates, from Northwestern University (1980), the University of Chicago (1993), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (1989), Keio University (1993), Warsaw School of Economics (1994) and Universität Bielefeld (2004).[9] He was an honorary visiting professor of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Economics (1984).[29]

### Named for Hurwicz

First presented in 1950, the Hurwicz criterion is thought about to this day in the area of decision making called "under uncertainty."[30][31][32] Abraham Wald published decision functions that year.[33] Hurwicz combined Wald's ideas with work done in 1812 by Pierre-Simon Laplace.[34] Hurwicz's criterion gives each decision a value which is "a weighted sum of its worst and best possible outcomes" represented as α and known as an index of pessimism or optimism.[31] Variations have been proposed ever since and some corrections came very soon from Leonard Jimmie Savage in 1954.[30] These four approaches– Laplace, Wald, Hurwicz and Savage– have been studied, corrected and applied for over fifty years by many different people including John Milnor, G. L. S. Shackle,[30] Daniel Ellsberg,[35] R. Duncan Luce and Howard Raiffa, in a field some date back to Jacob Bernoulli.[36]

In 2010, the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Minnesota launched the Heller-Hurwicz Economics Institute, a global initiative created to inform public policy by supporting and promoting frontier economic research and by communicating findings to leading academics, policymakers, and business executives around the world. Funds raised by the Institute are used to attract and retain preeminent faculty and, in part, to support graduate student research.

The University of Michigan has an endowed chair named for Hurwicz, the Leonid Hurwicz Collegiate Professor of Complex Systems, Political Science, and Economics, currently held by Scott E. Page.

The Leonid Hurwicz Distinguished Lecture is given to the Minnesota Economic Association (as is the Heller lecture). John Ledyard (2007), Robert Lucas, Roger Myerson, Edward C. Prescott, James Quirk, Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are among those who have delivered the lecture since it was inaugurated in 1992.[citation needed]

### Nobel Prize in Economics

In October 2007, Hurwicz shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Eric Maskin of the Institute for Advanced Study and Roger Myerson of the University of Chicago "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory."[37] During a telephone interview, a representative of the Nobel Foundation told Hurwicz and his wife that Hurwicz was the oldest person to win the Nobel Prize. Hurwicz said, "I hope that others who deserve it also got it." When asked which of all the applications of mechanism design he was most pleased to see he said welfare economics.[38] The winners applied game theory, a field advanced by mathematician John Forbes Nash, to discover the best and most efficient means to reach a desired outcome, taking into account individuals' knowledge and self-interest, which may be hidden or private.[39] Mechanism design has been used to model negotiations and taxation, voting and elections,[3] to design auctions such as those for communications bandwidth,[24] elections and labor talks[39] and for pricing stock options.[40]

Unable to attend the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm because of his poor health,[41] Hurwicz received the prize in Minneapolis. Accompanied by Evelyn, his spouse of six decades, and his family, he was the guest of honor at a convocation held on the campus of the University of Minnesota presided over by university president Robert Bruininks. Immediately following a live broadcast of the Nobel Prize awards ceremony, Jonas Hafström, Swedish ambassador to the United States, personally awarded the Economics Prize to Professor Hurwicz.[42] His wife died in 2016 aged 93.

## Publications

* Hurwicz, Leonid (December 1945). "The theory of economic behavior". The American Economic Review (American Economic Association via JSTOR) 35 (5): 909–925. Exposition on game theory classic.
* Hurwicz, Leonid (April 1946). "Theory of the firm and of investment". Econometrica (The Econometric Society via JSTOR) 14 (2): 109–136. doi:10.2307/1905363.
* Hurwicz, Leonid (July 1947). "Some problems arising in estimating economic relations". Econometrica (The Econometric Society via JSTOR) 15 (3): 236–240. doi:10.2307/1905482.
* Hurwicz, Leonid; Arrow, Kenneth J. (1953). Hurwicz's optimality criterion for decision making under ignorance. Technical Report 6. Stanford University.

Also available as: Hurwicz, Leonid; Arrow, Kenneth J. (1977). Appendix: An optimality criterion for decision-making under ignorance. Cambridge Books Online. pp. 461–472. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511752940.015. ISBN 9780511752940.
and as: Hurwicz, Leonid; Arrow, Kenneth J. (1977), "Appendix: An optimality criterion for decision-making under ignorance", Studies in resource allocation processes, Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 461–472, ISBN 9780521215220

* Hurwicz, Leonid (1960), "Optimality and informational efficiency in resource allocation processes", Mathematical models in the social sciences, 1959: Proceedings of the first Stanford symposium, Stanford mathematical studies in the social sciences, IV, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, pp. 27–47, ISBN 9780804700214
* Hurwicz, Leonid (May 1969). "On the concept and possibility of informational decentralization". The American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings (American Economic Association via JSTOR) 59 (2): 513–524.
* Hurwicz, Leonid; Arrow, Kenneth J. (1972), "Decision making under ignorance", Uncertainty and expectations in economics: essays in honour of G.L.S. Shackle, Oxford / New York: Basil Blackwell / Augustus M. Kelley, ISBN 9780631141709.
* Hurwicz, Leonid (May 1973). "The design of mechanisms for resource allocation". The American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings (American Economic Association via JSTOR) 63 (2): 1–30.
* Hurwicz, Leonid; Radner, Roy; Reiter, Stanley (March 1975). "A stochastic decentralized resource allocation process: Part I". Econometrica (The Econometric Society via JSTOR) 43 (2): 187–221. doi:10.2307/1913581. Cowles Commission Discussion Paper: Economics No. 2112, (pdf).
* Hurwicz, Leonid (May 1995). "What is the Coase Theorem?". Japan and the World Economy (Elsevier) 7 (1): 49–74. doi:10.1016/0922-1425(94)00038-U.
* Hurwicz, Leonid; Reiter, Stanley (2008). Designing economic mechanisms. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521724104.

## See also

* List of economists
* List of Jewish Nobel laureates

## References

1. ↑ "American Jewish Recipients of the Nobel Prize". http://www.fau.edu/library/nobel90.htm.
2. ↑ "Leonid Hurwicz". https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Hurwicz.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ohlin, Pia (15 October 2007). "US trio wins Nobel Economics Prize". Agence France Presse. http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g-Ap2F1rTjpjzCLo_mDAPxlITS7w.
4. ↑ Kuhn, Harold (introduction) (7 August 2007). "Sample Chapter for von Neumann, John & Morgenstern, Oskar. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (Commemorative Edition)". Princeton University Press. http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i7802.html.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Higgins, Charlotte (15 October 2007). "Americans win Nobel for economics". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7045067.stm.
6. ↑ Lohr, Steve (2007-10-16). "Three Share Nobel in Economics for Work on Social Mechanisms". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/16/business/16nobel.html.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Hughes, Art (15 October 2007). "Leonid Hurwicz—commanding intellect, humble soul, Nobel Prize winner". Minnesota Public Radio. http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/10/15/nobelprofile/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "A house resolution honoring Professor Leo Hurwicz on his 90th birthday". Legislature of the State of Minnesota (image via University of Minnesota, umn.edu). 9 April 2007. http://www.econ.umn.edu/hurwicz/images/house_resolution_large_for_.jpg.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Clement, Douglas (Fall 2006). "Intelligent Designer". Minnesota Economics (Department of Economics, University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts): 6–9. http://www.econ.umn.edu/magazine/MinnesotaEconomics1106.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Horwath, Justin (16 October 2007). "U economics prof awarded Nobel Prize". The Minnesota Daily. http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2007/10/16/72163879.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 "Perspectives on Leo Hurwicz, A Celebration of 90 Years (timeline)". University of Minnesota (econ.umn.edu). 14 April 2007. http://www.econ.umn.edu/hurwicz_timeline.pdf.
12. ↑ "Leonid Hurwicz won Nobel in economics". http://www.startribune.com/obituaries/21570704.html?location_refer=Homepage:highlightModules:1.
13. ↑ Grimes, William (2008-06-26). "Leonid Hurwicz, 90, Nobel Economist". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/26/business/26hurwicz.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=hurwicz&st=nyt&oref=slogin.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 "Five-Year Report, 1942–46, XII. Biographical and Bibliographic Notes". Cowles Foundation, Yale University. 1942–1946. http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/P/reports/1942-46b.htm.
15. ↑ Chiacu, Doina (Reuters) (15 October 2007). "Russian-born U.S. economist oldest-ever Nobel winner". Reuters Group. https://www.reuters.com/article/companyNewsAndPR/idUSN1533359220071015.
16. ↑ "Report for 1942". Cowles Foundation, Yale University. 1942. http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/P/reports/1942.htm.
17. ↑ Simon, Herbert A. (28 September 1998). An Empirically-Based Microeconomics (Raffaele Mattioli Lectures). Cambridge University Press. pp. 193. ISBN 978-0-521-62412-1.
18. ↑ "Report for 1950–1951". Cowles Foundation, Yale University. 1951. http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/P/reports/1950-51a.htm.
19. ↑ "Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics: Staff Lists, 1955–Present". Yale University. http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/archive/people/directors/staff_yale.htm.
20. ↑ "Guide to the Leonid Hurwicz papers, 1911-2008 and undated". http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/hurwiczleonid/.
21. ↑ "University of Minnesota Professor Leonid Hurwicz wins Nobel Prize in economics" (Press release). Regents of the University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2007-10-15.
22. ↑ "Major Works of Leonid Hurwicz". The history of Economic Thought. cepa.newschool.edu. http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/hurwicz.htm.
23. ↑ "Nobel Laureates". Frequently Asked Questions. Nobelprize.org. 2007. http://nobelprize.org/contact/faq/index.html#laureates.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Morrison, Deanne (15 October 2007). "University professor wins Nobel Prize". UMN News, Regents of the University of Minnesota. http://www1.umn.edu/umnnews/Feature_Stories/University_professor_wins_Nobel_Prize.html.
25. ↑ "All Laureates in Economics". Nobelprize.org. 2007. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/index.html.
26. ↑ Myerson, Roger B. (2007-02-28). Fundamental Theory of Institutions: A Lecture in Honor of Leo Hurwicz. University of Chicago. pp. 2. http://home.uchicago.edu/~rmyerson/research/hurwicz.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-15. Hurwicz Lecture originally presented at the North American meetings of the Econometric Society, at the University of Minnesota on 2006-06-22.
27. ↑ Hurwicz, Leonid; Reiter, Stanley (22 May 2006). Designing Economic Mechanisms. Cambridge University Press. pp. Frontmatter. ISBN 978-0-521-83641-8. https://archive.org/details/designingeconomi00hurw_0. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
28. ↑ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterH.pdf.
29. ↑ "Academic Exchange with Foreign Institutions". Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Economics. http://eco.hust.edu.cn/English/06.html.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Zappia, Carlo; Basili, Marcello (May 2005). "Shackle versus Savage: non-probabilistic alternatives to subjective probability theory in the 1950s". Quaderni (Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Economia Politica) (452). http://www.econ-pol.unisi.it/dipartimento/it/node/288. Retrieved 2007-10-19.
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Information Processing under Imprecise Risk with the Hurwicz criterion". International Symposium on Imprecise Probability: Theories and Applications (conference proceedings via sipta.org). 16–19 July 2007. http://www.sipta.org/isipta07/proceedings/papers/s045.pdf.
32. ↑ Luce, R. Duncan; Raiffa, Howard (1989). Games and Decisions: Introduction and Critical Survey. Dover Publications via Amazon Reader, Look Inside. pp. xvii +304–305 per Ellsberg p. 180. ISBN 978-0-486-65943-5. https://archive.org/details/gamesdecisions00rdun. Original release: ISBN 0-471-55341-7
33. ↑ Wald, Abraham (1950). Statistical Decision Functions. John Wiley & Sons.
34. ↑ John Milnor credits Hurwicz with this idea. Straffin, Philip D. (5 September 1996). Game Theory and Strategy (New Mathematical Library). The Mathematical Association of America via Amazon Reader Search Inside. pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-0-88385-637-6. https://archive.org/details/gametheorystrate0000stra/page/58.
35. ↑ Ellsberg, Daniel (2001). Risk, Ambiguity And Decision (Studies in Philosophy). New York, N.Y.: Garland Publishing via Amazon Reader, Search Inside. pp. xxii. ISBN 978-0-8153-4022-5. https://archive.org/details/riskambiguitydec01ells.
36. ↑ Kramer, Edna Ernestine (1982). The Nature and Growth of Modern Mathematics. Princeton University Press. pp. 290. ISBN 978-0-691-02372-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=LLEZQC74gVcC&pg=PA290. Retrieved 2007-10-19.
37. ↑ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2007" (Press release). Nobel Foundation. October 15, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
38. ↑ "Leonid Hurwicz – Interviews". Nobel Foundation. October 15, 2007. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2007/hurwicz-interview.html.
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Tong, Vinnie (Associated Press) (15 October 2007). "U.S. Trio Wins Nobel Economics Prize". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/10/15/ap4221523.html.
40. ↑ Bergman, Jonas; Kennedy, Simon (15 October 2007). "Hurwicz, Maskin and Myerson Win Nobel Economics Prize". Bloomberg L.P.. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aGZTnlcWfQDY.
41. ↑ Walsh, Paul (2007-12-10). "U professor to receive his Nobel Prize today". Minneapolis Star-Tribune. http://www.startribune.com/local/12303571.html.
42. ↑ Art Hughes (2007-12-10). "Minnesota's newest Nobel Laureate receives his prize". Minnesota Public Radio. http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/12/10/nobel_hurwicz/.

## External links

* Leonid Hurwicz Papers at Duke University
* Miss nobel-id as parameter  including the Nobel Lecture Who Will Guard the Guardians?
* Soumyen Sikdar, Leonid Hurwicz (1917–2008): A Tribute, Contemporary Issues and Ideas in Social Sciences, Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
* "Perspectives on Leo Hurwicz (conference program and photos)". University of Minnesota (econ.umn.edu). 14 April 2007. http://www.econ.umn.edu/hurwicz/.
* Clement, Douglas (Fall 2006). "Intelligent Designer (cover story)". Minnesota Economics (Department of Economics, University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts): 6–9. http://www.econ.umn.edu/magazine/MinnesotaEconomics1106.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-16.
* "Intelligent design". The Economist. 18 October 2007. http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9988840.
* Cho, Adrian (15 October 2007). "The Economics Nobel: Giving Adam Smith a Helping Hand". ScienceNOW Daily News (American Association for the Advancement of Science). http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2007/1015/1.
* Fonseca, Gonçalo L. (author and maintainer). "Major Works of Leonid Hurwicz, in Leonid Hurwicz, 1917–". History of Economic Thought Website, The New School. http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/hurwicz.htm.
* Tabarrok, Alex (2007-10-16). "What is Mechanism Design? Explaining the research that won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economics.". Reasononline news. Reason Magazine. http://www.reason.com/news/show/122998.html.
* Biography of Leonid Hurwicz from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences

Awards

Preceded by
Edmund S. Phelps |  Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
2007
Served alongside: Eric S. Maskin, Roger B. Myerson | Succeeded by
Paul Krugman

* v
* t
* e

Laureates of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences

1969–1975|

* 1969: Ragnar Frisch / Jan Tinbergen
* 1970: Paul A. Samuelson
* 1971: Simon Kuznets
* 1972: John R. Hicks / Kenneth J. Arrow
* 1973: Wassily Leontief
* 1974: Gunnar Myrdal / Friedrich August von Hayek
* 1975: Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich / Tjalling C. Koopmans

1976–2000|

* 1976: Milton Friedman
* 1977: Bertil Ohlin / James E. Meade
* 1978: Herbert A. Simon
* 1979: Theodore W. Schultz / Sir Arthur Lewis
* 1980: Lawrence R. Klein
* 1981: James Tobin
* 1982: George J. Stigler
* 1983: Gérard Debreu
* 1984: Richard Stone
* 1985: Franco Modigliani
* 1986: James M. Buchanan Jr.
* 1987: Robert M. Solow
* 1988: Maurice Allais
* 1989: Trygve Haavelmo
* 1990: Harry M. Markowitz / Merton H. Miller / William F. Sharpe
* 1991: Ronald H. Coase
* 1992: Gary S. Becker
* 1993: Robert W. Fogel / Douglass C. North
* 1994: John C. Harsanyi / John F. Nash Jr. / Reinhard Selten
* 1995: Robert E. Lucas Jr.
* 1996: James A. Mirrlees / William Vickrey
* 1997: Robert C. Merton / Myron S. Scholes
* 1998: Amartya Sen
* 1999: Robert A. Mundell
* 2000: James J. Heckman / Daniel L. McFadden

2001–present|

* 2001: George A. Akerlof / A. Michael Spence / Joseph E. Stiglitz
* 2002: Daniel Kahneman / Vernon L. Smith
* 2003: Robert F. Engle III / Clive W.J. Granger
* 2004: Finn E. Kydland / Edward C. Prescott
* 2005: Robert J. Aumann / Thomas C. Schelling
* 2006: Edmund S. Phelps
* 2007: Leonid Hurwicz / Eric S. Maskin / Roger B. Myerson
* 2008: Paul Krugman
* 2009: Elinor Ostrom / Oliver E. Williamson
* 2010: Peter A. Diamond / Dale T. Mortensen / Christopher A. Pissarides
* 2011: Thomas J. Sargent / Christopher A. Sims
* 2012: Alvin E. Roth / Lloyd S. Shapley
* 2013: Eugene F. Fama / Lars Peter Hansen / Robert J. Shiller
* 2014: Jean Tirole
* 2015: Angus Deaton
* 2016: Oliver Hart / Bengt Holmström
* 2017: Richard H. Thaler
* 2018: William Nordhaus / Paul Romer
* 2019: Abhijit Banerjee / Esther Duflo / Michael Kremer

* v
* t
* e

United States National Medal of Science laureates

Behavioral and social science

| 1960s|

1964
Roger Adams
Othmar H. Ammann
Theodosius Dobzhansky
Neal Elgar Miller

|

1980s|

1986
Herbert A. Simon
1987
Anne Anastasi
George J. Stigler
1988
Milton Friedman

1990s|

1990
Leonid Hurwicz
Patrick Suppes
1991
Robert W. Kates
George A. Miller
1992
Eleanor J. Gibson
1994
Robert K. Merton
1995
Roger N. Shepard
1996
Paul Samuelson
1997
William K. Estes
1998
William Julius Wilson
1999
Robert M. Solow

2000s|

2000
Gary Becker
2001
George Bass
2003
R. Duncan Luce
2004
Kenneth Arrow
2005
Gordon H. Bower
2008
Michael I. Posner
2009
Mortimer Mishkin

2010s|

2011
Anne Treisman
2014
Robert Axelrod
2015
Albert Bandura

Biological sciences

| 1960s|

1963
C. B. van Niel
1964
Marshall W. Nirenberg
1965
Francis P. Rous
George G. Simpson
Donald D. Van Slyke
1966
Edward F. Knipling
Fritz Albert Lipmann
William C. Rose
Sewall Wright
1967
Kenneth S. Cole
Harry F. Harlow
Michael Heidelberger
Alfred H. Sturtevant
1968
Horace Barker
Bernard B. Brodie
Detlev W. Bronk
Jay Lush
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
1969
Robert Huebner
Ernst Mayr

|

1970s|

1970
Barbara McClintock
Albert B. Sabin
1973
Daniel I. Arnon
Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
1974
Britton Chance
Erwin Chargaff
James V. Neel
James Augustine Shannon
1975
Hallowell Davis
Paul Gyorgy
Sterling B. Hendricks
Orville Alvin Vogel
1976
Roger Guillemin
Keith Roberts Porter
Efraim Racker
E. O. Wilson
1979
Robert H. Burris
Elizabeth C. Crosby
Arthur Kornberg
Severo Ochoa
Earl Reece Stadtman
George Ledyard Stebbins
Paul Alfred Weiss

1980s|

1981
Philip Handler
1982
Seymour Benzer
Glenn W. Burton
Mildred Cohn
1983
Howard L. Bachrach
Paul Berg
Wendell L. Roelofs
Berta Scharrer
1986
Stanley Cohen
Donald A. Henderson
Vernon B. Mountcastle
George Emil Palade
Joan A. Steitz
1987
Michael E. DeBakey
Theodor O. Diener
Harry Eagle
Har Gobind Khorana
Rita Levi-Montalcini
1988
Michael S. Brown
Stanley Norman Cohen
Joseph L. Goldstein
Maurice R. Hilleman
Eric R. Kandel
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
1989
Katherine Esau
Viktor Hamburger
Philip Leder
Joshua Lederberg
Roger W. Sperry
Harland G. Wood

1990s|

1990
Baruj Benacerraf
Herbert W. Boyer
Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
Edward B. Lewis
David G. Nathan
E. Donnall Thomas
1991
Mary Ellen Avery
G. Evelyn Hutchinson
Elvin A. Kabat
Salvador Luria
Paul A. Marks
Folke K. Skoog
Paul C. Zamecnik
1992
Maxine Singer
Howard Martin Temin
1993
Daniel Nathans
Salome G. Waelsch
1994
Thomas Eisner
Elizabeth F. Neufeld
1995
Alexander Rich
1996
Ruth Patrick
1997
James Watson
Robert A. Weinberg
1998
Bruce Ames
Janet Rowley
1999
David Baltimore
Jared Diamond
Lynn Margulis

2000s|

2000
Nancy C. Andreasen
Peter H. Raven
Carl Woese
2001
Francisco J. Ayala
Mario R. Capecchi
Ann Graybiel
Gene E. Likens
Victor A. McKusick
Harold Varmus
2002
James E. Darnell
Evelyn M. Witkin
2003
J. Michael Bishop
Solomon H. Snyder
Charles Yanofsky
2004
Norman E. Borlaug
Phillip A. Sharp
Thomas E. Starzl
2005
Anthony S. Fauci
Torsten N. Wiesel
2006
Rita R. Colwell
Nina Fedoroff
Lubert Stryer
2007
Robert J. Lefkowitz
Bert W. O'Malley
2008
Francis S. Collins
Elaine Fuchs
J. Craig Venter
2009
Susan L. Lindquist
Stanley B. Prusiner

2010s|

2010
Ralph L. Brinster
Shu Chien
Rudolf Jaenisch
2011
Lucy Shapiro
Leroy Hood
Sallie Chisholm
2014
May Berenbaum
Bruce Alberts
2015
Stanley Falkow
Rakesh K. Jain
Mary-Claire King
Simon Levin

Chemistry

| 1980s|

1982
F. Albert Cotton
Gilbert Stork
1983
Roald Hoffmann
George C. Pimentel
Richard N. Zare
1986
Harry B. Gray
Yuan Tseh Lee
Carl S. Marvel
Frank H. Westheimer
1987
William S. Johnson
Walter H. Stockmayer
Max Tishler
1988
William O. Baker
Konrad E. Bloch
Elias J. Corey
1989
Richard B. Bernstein
Melvin Calvin
Rudolph A. Marcus
Harden M. McConnell

|

1990s|

1990
Elkan Blout
Karl Folkers
John D. Roberts
1991
Ronald Breslow
Gertrude B. Elion
Dudley R. Herschbach
Glenn T. Seaborg
1992
Howard E. Simmons Jr.
1993
Donald J. Cram
Norman Hackerman
1994
George S. Hammond
1995
Thomas Cech
Isabella L. Karle
1996
Norman Davidson
1997
Darleane C. Hoffman
Harold S. Johnston
1998
John W. Cahn
George M. Whitesides
1999
Stuart A. Rice
John Ross
Susan Solomon

2000s|

2000
John D. Baldeschwieler
Ralph F. Hirschmann
2001
Ernest R. Davidson
Gábor A. Somorjai
2002
John I. Brauman
2004
Stephen J. Lippard
2006
Marvin H. Caruthers
Peter B. Dervan
2007
Mostafa A. El-Sayed
2008
Joanna Fowler
JoAnne Stubbe
2009
Stephen J. Benkovic
Marye Anne Fox

2010s|

2010
Jacqueline K. Barton
Peter J. Stang
2011
Allen J. Bard
M. Frederick Hawthorne
2014
Judith P. Klinman
Jerrold Meinwald
2015
A. Paul Alivisatos
Geraldine L. Richmond

Engineering sciences

| 1960s|

1962
Theodore von Kármán
1963
Vannevar Bush
John Robinson Pierce
1964
Charles S. Draper
1965
Hugh L. Dryden
Clarence L. Johnson
Warren K. Lewis
1966
Claude E. Shannon
1967
Edwin H. Land
Igor I. Sikorsky
1968
J. Presper Eckert
Nathan M. Newmark
1969
Jack St. Clair Kilby

|

1970s|

1970
George E. Mueller
1973
Harold E. Edgerton
Richard T. Whitcomb
1974
Rudolf Kompfner
Ralph Brazelton Peck
Abel Wolman
1975
Manson Benedict
William Hayward Pickering
Frederick E. Terman
Wernher von Braun
1976
Morris Cohen
Peter C. Goldmark
Erwin Wilhelm Müller
1979
Emmett N. Leith
Raymond D. Mindlin
Robert N. Noyce
Earl R. Parker
Simon Ramo

1980s|

1982
Edward H. Heinemann
Donald L. Katz
1983
Bill Hewlett
George Low
John G. Trump
1986
Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
Tung-Yen Lin
Bernard M. Oliver
1987
Robert Byron Bird
H. Bolton Seed
Ernst Weber
1988
Daniel C. Drucker
Willis M. Hawkins
George W. Housner
1989
Harry George Drickamer
Herbert E. Grier

1990s|

1990
Mildred Dresselhaus
Nick Holonyak Jr.
1991
George H. Heilmeier
Luna B. Leopold
H. Guyford Stever
1992
Calvin F. Quate
John Roy Whinnery
1993
Alfred Y. Cho
1994
Ray W. Clough
1995
Hermann A. Haus
1996
James L. Flanagan
C. Kumar N. Patel
1998
Eli Ruckenstein
1999
Kenneth N. Stevens

2000s|

2000
Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
2001
Andreas Acrivos
2002
Leo Beranek
2003
John M. Prausnitz
2004
Edwin N. Lightfoot
2005
Jan D. Achenbach
Tobin J. Marks
2006
Robert S. Langer
2007
David J. Wineland
2008
Rudolf E. Kálmán
2009
Amnon Yariv

2010s|

2010
Shu Chien
2011
John B. Goodenough
2014
Thomas Kailath

Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences

| 1960s|

1963
Norbert Wiener
1964
Solomon Lefschetz
H. Marston Morse
1965
Oscar Zariski
1966
John Milnor
1967
Paul Cohen
1968
Jerzy Neyman
1969
William Feller

|

1970s|

1970
Richard Brauer
1973
John Tukey
1974
Kurt Gödel
1975
John W. Backus
Shiing-Shen Chern
George Dantzig
1976
Kurt Otto Friedrichs
Hassler Whitney
1979
Joseph L. Doob
Donald E. Knuth

1980s|

1982
Marshall Harvey Stone
1983
Herman Goldstine
Isadore Singer
1986
Peter Lax
Antoni Zygmund
1987
Raoul Bott
Michael Freedman
1988
Ralph E. Gomory
Joseph B. Keller
1989
Samuel Karlin
Saunders Mac Lane
Donald C. Spencer

1990s|

1990
George F. Carrier
Stephen Cole Kleene
John McCarthy
1991
Alberto Calderón
1992
Allen Newell
1993
Martin David Kruskal
1994
John Cocke
1995
Louis Nirenberg
1996
Richard Karp
Stephen Smale
1997
Shing-Tung Yau
1998
Cathleen Synge Morawetz
1999
Felix Browder
Ronald R. Coifman

2000s|

2000
John Griggs Thompson
Karen Uhlenbeck
2001
Calyampudi R. Rao
Elias M. Stein
2002
James G. Glimm
2003
Carl R. de Boor
2004
Dennis P. Sullivan
2005
Bradley Efron
2006
Hyman Bass
2007
Leonard Kleinrock
Andrew J. Viterbi
2009
David B. Mumford

2010s|

2010
Richard A. Tapia
S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
2011
Solomon W. Golomb
Barry Mazur
2014
Alexandre Chorin
David Blackwell
2015
Michael Artin

Physical sciences

| 1960s|

1963
Luis W. Alvarez
1964
Julian Schwinger
Harold Clayton Urey
Robert Burns Woodward
1965
John Bardeen
Peter Debye
Leon M. Lederman
William Rubey
1966
Jacob Bjerknes
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Henry Eyring
John H. Van Vleck
Vladimir K. Zworykin
1967
Jesse Beams
Francis Birch
Gregory Breit
Louis Hammett
George Kistiakowsky
1968
Paul Bartlett
Herbert Friedman
Lars Onsager
Eugene Wigner
1969
Herbert C. Brown
Wolfgang Panofsky

|

1970s|

1970
Robert H. Dicke
Allan R. Sandage
John C. Slater
John A. Wheeler
Saul Winstein
1973
Carl Djerassi
Maurice Ewing
Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
Vladimir Haensel
Frederick Seitz
Robert Rathbun Wilson
1974
Nicolaas Bloembergen
Paul Flory
William Alfred Fowler
Linus Carl Pauling
Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
1975
Hans A. Bethe
Joseph O. Hirschfelder
Lewis Sarett
Edgar Bright Wilson
Chien-Shiung Wu
1976
Samuel Goudsmit
Herbert S. Gutowsky
Frederick Rossini
Verner Suomi
Henry Taube
George Uhlenbeck
1979
Richard P. Feynman
Herman Mark
Edward M. Purcell
John Sinfelt
Lyman Spitzer
Victor F. Weisskopf

1980s|

1982
Philip W. Anderson
Yoichiro Nambu
Edward Teller
Charles H. Townes
1983
E. Margaret Burbidge
Maurice Goldhaber
Helmut Landsberg
Walter Munk
Frederick Reines
Bruno B. Rossi
J. Robert Schrieffer
1986
Solomon J. Buchsbaum
H. Richard Crane
Herman Feshbach
Robert Hofstadter
Chen-Ning Yang
1987
Philip Abelson
Walter Elsasser
Paul C. Lauterbur
George Pake
James A. Van Allen
1988
D. Allan Bromley
Paul Ching-Wu Chu
Walter Kohn
Norman F. Ramsey
Jack Steinberger
1989
Arnold O. Beckman
Eugene Parker
Robert Sharp
Henry Stommel

1990s|

1990
Allan M. Cormack
Edwin M. McMillan
Robert Pound
Roger Revelle
1991
Arthur L. Schawlow
Ed Stone
Steven Weinberg
1992
Eugene M. Shoemaker
1993
Val Fitch
Vera Rubin
1994
Albert Overhauser
Frank Press
1995
Hans Dehmelt
Peter Goldreich
1996
Wallace S. Broecker
1997
Marshall Rosenbluth
Martin Schwarzschild
George Wetherill
1998
Don L. Anderson
John N. Bahcall
1999
James Cronin
Leo Kadanoff

2000s|

2000
Willis E. Lamb
Jeremiah P. Ostriker
Gilbert F. White
2001
Marvin L. Cohen
Raymond Davis Jr.
Charles Keeling
2002
Richard Garwin
W. Jason Morgan
Edward Witten
2003
G. Brent Dalrymple
Riccardo Giacconi
2004
Robert N. Clayton
2005
Ralph A. Alpher
Lonnie Thompson
2006
Daniel Kleppner
2007
Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
Charles P. Slichter
2008
Berni Alder
James E. Gunn
2009
Yakir Aharonov
Esther M. Conwell
Warren M. Washington

2010s|

2011
Sidney Drell
Sandra Faber
Sylvester James Gates
2012
Burton Richter
Sean C. Solomon
2014
Shirley Ann Jackson

* v
* t
* e

Topics in game theory

Definitions|

* Cooperative game
* Determinacy
* Escalation of commitment
* Extensive-form game
* First-player and second-player win
* Game complexity
* Graphical game
* Hierarchy of beliefs
* Information set
* Normal-form game
* Preference
* Sequential game
* Simultaneous game
* Simultaneous action selection
* Solved game
* Succinct game

Equilibrium
concepts|

* Nash equilibrium
* Subgame perfection
* Mertens-stable equilibrium
* Bayesian Nash equilibrium
* Perfect Bayesian equilibrium
* Trembling hand
* Proper equilibrium
* Epsilon-equilibrium
* Correlated equilibrium
* Sequential equilibrium
* Quasi-perfect equilibrium
* Evolutionarily stable strategy
* Risk dominance
* Core
* Shapley value
* Pareto efficiency
* Gibbs equilibrium
* Quantal response equilibrium
* Self-confirming equilibrium
* Strong Nash equilibrium
* Markov perfect equilibrium

Strategies|

* Dominant strategies
* Pure strategy
* Mixed strategy
* Strategy-stealing argument
* Tit for tat
* Grim trigger
* Collusion
* Backward induction
* Forward induction
* Markov strategy

Classes
of games|

* Symmetric game
* Perfect information
* Repeated game
* Signaling game
* Screening game
* Cheap talk
* Zero-sum game
* Mechanism design
* Bargaining problem
* Stochastic game
* n-player game
* Large Poisson game
* Nontransitive game
* Global game
* Strictly determined game
* Potential game

Games|

* Go
* Chess
* Infinite chess
* Checkers
* Tic-tac-toe
* Prisoner's dilemma
* Optional prisoner's dilemma
* Traveler's dilemma
* Coordination game
* Chicken
* Centipede game
* Volunteer's dilemma
* Dollar auction
* Battle of the sexes
* Stag hunt
* Matching pennies
* Ultimatum game
* Rock paper scissors
* Pirate game
* Dictator game
* Public goods game
* Blotto game
* War of attrition
* El Farol Bar problem
* Fair division
* Fair cake-cutting
* Cournot game
* Deadlock
* Diner's dilemma
* Guess 2/3 of the average
* Kuhn poker
* Nash bargaining game
* Prisoners and hats puzzle
* Trust game
* Princess and Monster game
* Rendezvous problem

Theorems|

* Arrow's impossibility theorem
* Aumann's agreement theorem
* Folk theorem
* Minimax theorem
* Nash's theorem
* Purification theorem
* Revelation principle
* Zermelo's theorem

Key
figures|

* Albert W. Tucker
* Amos Tversky
* Ariel Rubinstein
* Claude Shannon
* Daniel Kahneman
* David K. Levine
* David M. Kreps
* Donald B. Gillies
* Drew Fudenberg
* Eric Maskin
* Harold W. Kuhn
* Herbert Simon
* Hervé Moulin
* Jean Tirole
* Jean-François Mertens
* Jennifer Tour Chayes
* John Harsanyi
* John Maynard Smith
* Antoine Augustin Cournot
* John Nash
* John von Neumann
* Kenneth Arrow
* Kenneth Binmore
* Leonid Hurwicz
* Lloyd Shapley
* Melvin Dresher
* Merrill M. Flood
* Olga Bondareva
* Oskar Morgenstern
* Paul Milgrom
* Peyton Young
* Reinhard Selten
* Robert Axelrod
* Robert Aumann
* Robert B. Wilson
* Roger Myerson
* Samuel Bowles
* Suzanne Scotchmer
* Thomas Schelling
* William Vickrey

See also|

* All-pay auction
* Alpha–beta pruning
* Bertrand paradox
* Bounded rationality
* Combinatorial game theory
* Confrontation analysis
* Coopetition
* First-move advantage in chess
* Game mechanics
* Glossary of game theory
* List of game theorists
* List of games in game theory
* No-win situation
* Solving chess
* Topological game
* Tragedy of the commons
* Tyranny of small decisions

* v
* t
* e

Presidents of the Econometric Society

1931–1950|

* Irving Fisher (1931–1934)
* François Divisia (1935)
* Harold Hotelling (1936–1937)
* Arthur Bowley (1938–1939)
* Joseph Schumpeter (1940–1941)
* Wesley Mitchell (1942–1943)
* John Maynard Keynes (1944–1945)
* Jacob Marschak (1946)
* Jan Tinbergen (1947)
* Charles Roos (1948)
* Ragnar Frisch (1949)
* Tjalling Koopmans (1950)

1951–1975|

* R. G. D. Allen (1951)
* Paul Samuelson (1952)
* René Roy (1953)
* Wassily Leontief (1954)
* Richard Stone (1955)
* Kenneth Arrow (1956)
* Trygve Haavelmo (1957)
* James Tobin (1958)
* Marcel Boiteux [fr; fr] (1959)
* Lawrence Klein (1960)
* Henri Theil (1961)
* Franco Modigliani (1962)
* Edmond Malinvaud (1963)
* Robert Solow (1964)
* Michio Morishima (1965)
* Herman Wold (1966)
* Hendrik Houthakker (1967)
* Frank Hahn (1968)
* Leonid Hurwicz (1969)
* Jacques Drèze (1970)
* Gérard Debreu (1971)
* W. M. Gorman (1972)
* Roy Radner (1973)
* Don Patinkin (1974)
* Zvi Griliches (1975)

1976–2000|

* Hirofumi Uzawa (1976)
* Lionel McKenzie (1977)
* János Kornai (1978)
* Franklin M. Fisher (1979)
* J. Denis Sargan (1980)
* Marc Nerlove (1981)
* James A. Mirrlees (1982)
* Herbert Scarf (1983)
* Amartya K. Sen (1984)
* Daniel McFadden (1985)
* Michael Bruno (1986)
* Dale Jorgenson (1987)
* Anthony B. Atkinson (1988)
* Hugo Sonnenschein (1989)
* Jean-Michel Grandmont [de; de] (1990)
* Peter Diamond (1991)
* Jean-Jacques Laffont (1992)
* Andreu Mas-Colell (1993)
* Takashi Negishi (1994)
* Christopher Sims (1995)
* Roger Guesnerie (1996)
* Robert E. Lucas, Jr. (1997)
* Jean Tirole (1998)
* Robert B. Wilson (1999)
* Elhanan Helpman (2000)

2001–present|

* Avinash Dixit (2001)
* Guy Laroque [fr; fr] (2002)
* Eric Maskin (2003)
* Ariel Rubinstein (2004)
* Thomas J. Sargent (2005)
* Richard Blundell (2006)
* Lars Peter Hansen (2007)
* Torsten Persson (2008)
* Roger B. Myerson (2009)
* John H. Moore (2010)
* Bengt Holmström (2011)
* Jean-Charles Rochet [ru; ru; Роше, Жан-Шарль] (2012)
* James J. Heckman (2013)
* Manuel Arellano (2014)
* Robert Porter [ru; ru; Портер, Роберт] (2015)
* Eddie Dekel (2016)
* Drew Fudenberg (2017)
* Tim Besley (2018)

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