List of geometers

Short description: None

One of the oldest surviving fragments of Euclid's Elements, found at Oxyrhynchus and dated to c. 100 AD (P. Oxy. 29). The diagram accompanies Book II, Proposition 5.[1] Geometry

Projecting a sphere to a plane.

* Outline
* History

Branches

* Euclidean
* Non-Euclidean
* Elliptic
* Spherical
* Hyperbolic
* Non-Archimedean geometry
* Projective
* Affine
* Synthetic
* Analytic
* Algebraic
* Arithmetic
* Diophantine
* Differential
* Riemannian
* Symplectic
* Discrete differential
* Complex
* Finite
* Discrete/Combinatorial
* Digital
* Convex
* Computational
* Fractal
* Incidence

* Concepts
* Features

Dimension

* Straightedge and compass constructions

* Angle
* Curve
* Diagonal
* Orthogonality (Perpendicular)
* Parallel
* Vertex

* Congruence
* Similarity
* Symmetry

Zero-dimensional

* Point

One-dimensional

* Line
* segment
* ray
* Length

Two-dimensional

* Plane
* Area
* Polygon

Triangle

* Altitude
* Hypotenuse
* Pythagorean theorem

Parallelogram

* Square
* Rectangle
* Rhombus
* Rhomboid

Quadrilateral

* Trapezoid
* Kite

Circle

* Diameter
* Circumference
* Area

Three-dimensional

* Volume

* Cube
* cuboid
* Cylinder
* Pyramid
* Sphere

Four- / other-dimensional

* Tesseract
* Hypersphere

Geometers

by name

* Aida
* Aryabhata
* Ahmes
* Alhazen
* Apollonius
* Archimedes
* Atiyah
* Baudhayana
* Bolyai
* Brahmagupta
* Cartan
* Coxeter
* Descartes
* Euclid
* Euler
* Gauss
* Gromov
* Hilbert
* Jyeṣṭhadeva
* Kātyāyana
* Khayyám
* Klein
* Lobachevsky
* Manava
* Minkowski
* Minggatu
* Pascal
* Pythagoras
* Parameshvara
* Poincaré
* Riemann
* Sakabe
* Sijzi
* al-Tusi
* Veblen
* Virasena
* Yang Hui
* al-Yasamin
* Zhang
* List of geometers

by period

|  BCE

* Ahmes
* Baudhayana
* Manava
* Pythagoras
* Euclid
* Archimedes
* Apollonius

1–1400s

* Zhang
* Kātyāyana
* Aryabhata
* Brahmagupta
* Virasena
* Alhazen
* Sijzi
* Khayyám
* al-Yasamin
* al-Tusi
* Yang Hui
* Parameshvara

1400s–1700s

* Jyeṣṭhadeva
* Descartes
* Pascal
* Minggatu
* Euler
* Sakabe
* Aida

1700s–1900s

* Gauss
* Lobachevsky
* Bolyai
* Riemann
* Klein
* Poincaré
* Hilbert
* Minkowski
* Cartan
* Veblen
* Coxeter

Present day

* Atiyah
* Gromov

* v
* t
* e

A geometer is a mathematician whose area of study is geometry.

Some notable geometers and their main fields of work, chronologically listed, are:

## Contents

* 1 1000 BCE to 1 BCE
* 2 1–1300 AD
* 3 1301–1800 AD
* 4 1801–1900 AD
* 5 1901–present
* 6 Geometers in art
* 7 See also
* 8 References

## 1000 BCE to 1 BCE

Further information: History of geometry

* Baudhayana (fl. c. 800 BC) – Euclidean geometry
* Manava (c. 750 BC–690 BC) – Euclidean geometry
* Thales of Miletus (c. 624 BC – c. 546 BC) – Euclidean geometry
* Pythagoras (c. 570 BC – c. 495 BC) – Euclidean geometry, Pythagorean theorem
* Zeno of Elea (c. 490 BC – c. 430 BC) – Euclidean geometry
* Hippocrates of Chios (born c. 470 – 410 BC) – first systematically organized Stoicheia – Elements (geometry textbook)
* Mozi (c. 468 BC – c. 391 BC)
* Plato (427–347 BC)
* Theaetetus (c. 417 BC – 369 BC)
* Autolycus of Pitane (360–c. 290 BC) – astronomy, spherical geometry
* Euclid (fl. 300 BC) – Elements, Euclidean geometry (sometimes called the "father of geometry")
* Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 BC – c. 190 BC) – Euclidean geometry, conic sections
* Archimedes (c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC) – Euclidean geometry
* Eratosthenes (c. 276 BC – c. 195/194 BC) – Euclidean geometry
* Katyayana (c. 3rd century BC) – Euclidean geometry

## 1–1300 AD

* Hero of Alexandria (c. AD 10–70) – Euclidean geometry
* Pappus of Alexandria (c. AD 290–c. 350) – Euclidean geometry, projective geometry
* Hypatia of Alexandria (c. AD 370–c. 415) – Euclidean geometry
* Brahmagupta (597–668) – Euclidean geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals
* Vergilius of Salzburg (c.700–784) – Irish bishop of Aghaboe, Ossory and later Salzburg, Austria; antipodes, and astronomy
* Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (c. 800–c. 860)
* Thabit ibn Qurra (826–901) – analytic geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, conic sections
* Abu'l-Wáfa (940–998) – spherical geometry, spherical triangles
* Alhazen (965–c. 1040)
* Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) – algebraic geometry, conic sections
* Ibn Maḍāʾ (1116–1196)

## 1301–1800 AD

Leonardo da Vinci |
Johannes Kepler |
Girard Desargues

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René Descartes |
Blaise Pascal |
Isaac Newton

Leonhard Euler |
Carl Gauss  |
August Möbius

Nikolai Lobachevsky |
John Playfair  |
Jakob Steiner

* Piero della Francesca (1415–1492)
* Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) – Euclidean geometry
* Jyesthadeva (c. 1500 – c. 1610) – Euclidean geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals
* Marin Getaldić (1568–1626)
* Jacques-François Le Poivre (1652–1710), projective geometry
* Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) – (used geometric ideas in astronomical work)
* Edmund Gunter (1581–1686)
* Girard Desargues (1591–1661) – projective geometry; Desargues' theorem
* René Descartes (1596–1650) – invented the methodology of analytic geometry, also called Cartesian geometry after him
* Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665) – analytic geometry
* Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) – projective geometry
* Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) – evolute
* Giordano Vitale (1633–1711)
* Philippe de La Hire (1640–1718) – projective geometry
* Isaac Newton (1642–1727) – 3rd-degree algebraic curve
* Giovanni Ceva (1647–1734) – Euclidean geometry
* Johann Jacob Heber (1666–1727) – surveyor and geometer
* Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri (1667–1733) – non-Euclidean geometry
* Leonhard Euler (1707–1783)
* Tobias Mayer (1723–1762)
* Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777) – non-Euclidean geometry
* Gaspard Monge (1746–1818) – descriptive geometry
* John Playfair (1748–1819) – Euclidean geometry
* Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot (1753–1823) – projective geometry
* Joseph Diaz Gergonne (1771–1859) – projective geometry; Gergonne point
* Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) – Theorema Egregium
* Louis Poinsot (1777–1859)
* Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840)
* Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788–1867) – projective geometry
* Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857)
* August Ferdinand Möbius (1790–1868) – Euclidean geometry
* Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792–1856) – hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
* Michel Chasles (1793–1880) – projective geometry
* Germinal Dandelin (1794–1847) – Dandelin spheres in conic sections
* Jakob Steiner (1796–1863) – champion of synthetic geometry methodology, projective geometry, Euclidean geometry

## 1801–1900 AD

Julius Plücker |
Arthur Cayley |
Bernhard Riemann

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Richard Dedekind |
Max Noether |
Felix Klein

Hermann Minkowski |
Henri Poincaré |
Evgraf Fedorov

* Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach (1800–1834) – Euclidean geometry
* Julius Plücker (1801–1868)
* János Bolyai (1802–1860) – hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
* Christian Heinrich von Nagel (1803–1882) – Euclidean geometry
* Johann Benedict Listing (1808–1882) – topology
* Hermann Günther Grassmann (1809–1877) – exterior algebra
* Ludwig Otto Hesse (1811–1874) – algebraic invariants and geometry
* Ludwig Schlafli (1814–1895) – Regular 4-polytope
* Pierre Ossian Bonnet (1819–1892) – differential geometry
* Arthur Cayley (1821–1895)
* Joseph Bertrand (1822–1900)
* Delfino Codazzi (1824–1873) – differential geometry
* Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866) – elliptic geometry (a non-Euclidean geometry) and Riemannian geometry
* Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (1831–1916)
* Ludwig Burmester (1840–1927) – theory of linkages
* Edmund Hess (1843–1903)
* Albert Victor Bäcklund (1845–1922)
* Max Noether (1844–1921) – algebraic geometry
* Henri Brocard (1845–1922) – Brocard points
* William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879) – geometric algebra
* Pieter Hendrik Schoute (1846–1923)
* Felix Klein (1849–1925)
* Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (1850–1891)
* Evgraf Fedorov (1853–1919)
* Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)
* Luigi Bianchi (1856–1928) – differential geometry
* Alicia Boole Stott (1860–1940)
* Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) – non-Euclidean geometry
* Henry Frederick Baker (1866–1956) – algebraic geometry
* Élie Cartan (1869–1951)
* Dmitri Egorov (1869–1931) – differential geometry
* Veniamin Kagan (1869–1953)
* Raoul Bricard (1870–1944) – descriptive geometry
* Ernst Steinitz (1871–1928) – Steinitz's theorem
* Marcel Grossmann (1878–1936)
* Oswald Veblen (1880–1960) – projective geometry, differential geometry
* Nathan Altshiller Court (1881–1968), author of College Geometry
* Emmy Noether (1882–1935) – algebraic topology
* Harry Clinton Gossard (1884–1954)
* Arthur Rosenthal (1887–1959)
* Helmut Hasse (1898–1979) – algebraic geometry

## 1901–present

H. S. M. Coxeter  |
Ernst Witt |
Benoit Mandelbrot

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Branko Grünbaum |
Michael Atiyah |
J. H. Conway

William Thurston |
Mikhail Gromov |
George W. Hart

Shing-Tung Yau |
Károly Bezdek |
Grigori Perelman

Denis Auroux

* William Vallance Douglas Hodge (1903–1975)
* Patrick du Val (1903–1987)
* Beniamino Segre (1903–1977) – combinatorial geometry
* J. C. P. Miller (1906–1981)
* André Weil (1906–1998) – Algebraic geometry
* H. S. M. Coxeter (1907–2003) – theory of polytopes, non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry
* J. A. Todd (1908–1994)
* Daniel Pedoe (1910–1998)
* Shiing-Shen Chern (1911–2004) – differential geometry
* Ernst Witt (1911–1991)
* Rafael Artzy (1912–2006)
* Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (1912–1999)
* László Fejes Tóth (1915–2005)
* Edwin Evariste Moise (1918–1998)
* Aleksei Pogorelov (1919–2002) – differential geometry
* Magnus Wenninger (1919–2017) – polyhedron models
* Jean-Louis Koszul (1921–2018)
* Isaak Yaglom (1921–1988)
* Eugenio Calabi (1923–2023)
* Benoit Mandelbrot (1924–2010) – fractal geometry
* Katsumi Nomizu (1924–2008) – affine differential geometry
* Michael S. Longuet-Higgins (1925–2016)
* John Leech (1926–1992)
* Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014) – algebraic geometry
* Branko Grünbaum (1929–2018) – discrete geometry
* Michael Atiyah (1929–2019)
* Lev Semenovich Pontryagin (1908–1988)
* Geoffrey Colin Shephard (1927–2016)
* Norman W. Johnson (1930–2017)
* John Milnor (1931–)
* Roger Penrose (1931–)
* Yuri Manin (1937–2023) – algebraic geometry and diophantine geometry
* Vladimir Arnold (1937–2010) – algebraic geometry
* Ernest Vinberg (1937–2020)
* J. H. Conway (1937–2020) – sphere packing, recreational geometry
* Robin Hartshorne (1938–) – geometry, algebraic geometry
* Phillip Griffiths (1938–) – algebraic geometry, differential geometry
* Enrico Bombieri (1940–) – algebraic geometry
* Robert Williams (1942–)
* Peter McMullen (1942–)
* Richard S. Hamilton (1943–) – differential geometry, Ricci flow, Poincaré conjecture
* Mikhail Gromov (1943–)
* Rudy Rucker (1946–)
* William Thurston (1946–2012)
* Shing-Tung Yau (1949–)
* Michael Freedman (1951–)
* Egon Schulte (1955–) – polytopes
* George W. Hart (1955–) – sculptor
* Károly Bezdek (1955–) – discrete geometry, sphere packing, Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometry
* Simon Donaldson (1957–)
* Kenji Fukaya (1959–) – symplectic geometry
* Oh Yong-Geun (1961–)
* Toshiyuki Kobayashi (1962–)
* Hiraku Nakajima (1962–) – representation theory and geometry
* Hwang Jun-Muk (1963–) – algebraic geometry, differential geometry
* Grigori Perelman (1966–) – Poincaré conjecture
* Maryam Mirzakhani (1977–2017)
* Denis Auroux (1977–)

## Geometers in art

God as architect of the world, 1220–1230, from Bible moralisée  |
Kepler's Platonic solid model of planetary spacing in the Solar System from Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596)  |
The Ancient of Days, 1794, by William Blake, with the compass as a symbol for divine order  |
Newton (1795), by William Blake; here, Newton is depicted critically as a "divine geometer".[2]

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## See also

* Mathematics and architecture

## References

1. ↑ Bill Casselman. "One of the Oldest Extant Diagrams from Euclid". University of British Columbia. https://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/Euclid/papyrus/papyrus.html.
2. ↑ "Newton, object 1 (Butlin 306) "Newton"". William Blake Archive. September 25, 2013. http://www.blakearchive.org/exist/blake/archive/copyinfo.xq?copyid=but306.1.

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