Reinhard Genzel

Short description: German astrophysicist (born 1952)

Reinhard Genzel

Genzel in 2012

Born|  (1952-03-24) 24 March 1952 (age 72)

Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, West Germany (now Germany)

Education|

* University of Freiburg (BSc)
* University of Bonn (MSc, DPhil)

Known for| Infrared astronomy
Submillimetre astronomy
Awards|

* Otto Hahn Medal (1980)
* Balzan Prize (2003)
* Shaw Prize (2008)
* Crafoord Prize (2012)
* Tycho Brahe Prize (2012)
* Fellow of the Royal Society
* Harvey Prize (2014)
* Nobel Prize in Physics (2020)

Scientific career
Fields| Astrophysics
Institutions| Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
University of California, Berkeley
Thesis| Beobachtung von H2O-Masern in Gebieten von OB-Sternentstehung (1978)
Doctoral advisor| Peter Georg Mezger

Reinhard Genzel ForMemRS[1] (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪnhaʁt ˈɡɛntsl̩] (listen); born 24 March 1952) is a German astrophysicist, co-director of the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, a professor at LMU and an emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He was awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy", which he shared with Andrea Ghez and Roger Penrose.[2][3] In a 2021 interview given to Federal University of Pará in Brazil, Genzel recalls his journey as a physicist; the influence of his father, Ludwig Genzel (de); his experiences working with Charles H. Townes; and more.[4][5]

## Contents

* 1 Life and career
* 2 Work
* 3 Awards
* 4 Membership of scientific societies
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Life and career

Genzel was born in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany, the son of Eva-Maria Genzel and Ludwig Genzel, a professor of solid state physics (1922–2003). He studied physics at the University of Freiburg and the University of Bonn, graduating in 1978 with a PhD in radioastronomy which he prepared at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy.[6] Subsequently he worked at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian in Cambridge, Massachusetts . He was a Miller Fellow from 1980 until 1982, and also Associate and finally Full Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of California, Berkeley from 1981. In 1986, he left Berkeley to become a director at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Garching and Scientific Member of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.[7] During that time he also lectured at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, where he has been Honorary Professor since 1988.[6] From 1999 to 2016, he also had a part-time joint appointment as Full Professor at the University of California, Berkeley.[6][7] Additional activities include sitting on the selection committee for the Shaw Prize in astronomy.[8]

## Work

Reinhard Genzel studies infrared- and submillimetre astronomy. He and his group are active in developing ground- and space-based instruments for astronomy. They used these to track the motions of stars at the centre of the Milky Way, around Sagittarius A*, and show that they were orbiting a very massive object, now known to be a black hole.[9] Genzel is also active in studies of the formation and evolution of galaxies.[7]

In July 2018, Reinhard Genzel et al. reported that star S2 orbiting Sgr A* had been recorded at 7,650 km/s or 2.55% the speed of light leading up to the pericentre approach in May 2018 at about 120 AU ≈ 1400 Schwarzschild radii from Sgr A*. This allowed them to test the redshift predicted by general relativity at relativistic velocities, finding additional confirmation of the theory.[10][11]

## Awards

Reinhard Genzel in 2023

* Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes, 1973–1975[12]
* Miller Research Fellowship, 1980–1982[13]
* Otto Hahn Medal, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 1980[13]
* Presidential Young Investigator Award, National Science Foundation, 1984[13]
* Newton Lacy Pierce Prize, American Astronomical Society, 1986[13]
* Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 1990[13]
* De Vaucouleurs Medal, University of Texas, 2000[13]
* Prix Jules Janssen, Société astronomique de France (French Astronomical Society), 2000[13]
* Stern Gerlach Medal for experimental physics, Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, 2003[13]
* Balzan Prize for Infrared Astronomy, 2003[13]
* Albert Einstein Medal, 2007[14]
* Shaw Prize, 2008[15]
* "Galileo 2000" Prize, 2009[13]
* Karl Schwarzschild Medal, Deutsche Astronomische Gesellschaft, 2011[16]
* Crafoord Prize, Royal Swedish Academy, 2012[17]
* Tycho Brahe Prize, European Astronomical Society, 2012[18]
* Pour le Mérite, 2013[19]
* Harvey Prize, Technion Institute, Israel, 2014[20]
* Herschel Medal, Royal Astronomical Society, 2014[21]
* Nobel Prize in Physics, 2020[2]

## Membership of scientific societies

* Fellow of the American Physical Society, 1985[19]
* Foreign member of the Académie des Sciences (Institut de France), 1998[19]
* Foreign member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, 2000[22]
* Member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, 2002[23]
* Senior member of the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2003[24]
* Foreign member of the Royal Spanish Academy of Sciences, 2011[13]
* Foreign member of the Royal Society of London, 2012[1]
* Member of the Pontifical Academy, 2020[25]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 http://royalsociety.org/people/reinhard-genzel/ Professor Reinhard Genzel ForMemRS
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020". Nobel Foundation. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/.
3. ↑ Overbye, Dennis; Taylor, Derrick Bryson (6 October 2020). "Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to 3 Scientists for Work on Black Holes – The prize was awarded half to Roger Penrose for showing how black holes could form and half to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for discovering a supermassive object at the Milky Way's center.". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/06/science/nobel-prize-physics.html.
4. ↑ (in en) Interview with Professor Reinhard Genzel (2020 Physics Nobel Prize Laureate) - Pt. I, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZ4IzxEnxwA, retrieved 2021-08-11
5. ↑ (in en) Interview with Prof. Reinhard Genzel (2020 Physics Nobel Prize Laureate) - Pt. II, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcbOxQMW1h0, retrieved 2021-08-11
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Curriculum-vitae , website of the Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Reinhard Genzel (E)". https://physics.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/reinhard-genzel.
8. ↑ "Selection Committees 2020–2021" (in en). https://www.shawprize.org/organization#astronomy-year2.
9. ↑ Eckart, A.; Genzel, R. (1996). "Observations of stellar proper motions near the Galactic Centre". Nature 383 (6599): 415. doi:10.1038/383415a0. Bibcode: 1996Natur.383..415E.
10. ↑ Abuter, R.; Amorim, A. (2018). "Detection of the gravitational redshift in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole". Astronomy & Astrophysics 615: L15. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833718. Bibcode: 2018A&A...615L..15G. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2018/07/aa33718-18/aa33718-18.html. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
11. ↑ Star spotted speeding near black hole at centre of Milky Way – Chile's Very Large Telescope tracks S2 star as it reaches mind-boggling speeds by supermassive black hole, The Guardian , 26 July 2017
12. ↑ "Studienstiftung gratuliert ihrem Alumnus Reinhard Genzel zum Nobelpreis für Physik". https://www.studienstiftung.de/aktuelles/artikel/studienstiftung-gratuliert-ihrem-alumnus-reinhard-genzel-zum-nobelpreis-fuer-physik/. (in German)
13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 "Profesor Reinhard Genzel". https://rac.es/sobre-nosotros/miembros/academicos/correspondiente-internacional/933/.
14. ↑ The Awarding of the Einstein Medal: Albert Einstein Medal Laureates at Albert Einstein Medal website
15. ↑ "The Shaw Prize". 28 April 2020. http://www.shawprize.org/laureates/astronomy/2008.
16. ↑ "Reinhard Genzel receives Karl Schwarzschild Medal 2011". 13 July 2011. http://www2011.mpe.mpg.de/News/PR20110713/text.html.
17. ↑ "Crafoord Prize for Reinhard Genzel". 22 July 2020. https://www.mpg.de/4996987/reinhard_genzel_crafoord-prize.
18. ↑ "Tycho Brahe-Preis für Reinhard Genzel" (in de). 25 February 2020. https://www.mpe.mpg.de/474146/News_20120601.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 "Pour le Mérite: Reinhard Genzel". www.orden-pourlemerite.de. 2013. http://www.orden-pourlemerite.de/sites/default/files/vita/genzel-vita_0.pdf.
20. ↑ Harvey Prize 2014
21. ↑ "Awards, Medals and Prizes – Herschel Medal". Royal Astronomical Society. https://ras.ac.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/herschel-medal.
22. ↑ "Reinhard Genzel". 18 June 2020. http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/3009940.html.
23. ↑ "Leopoldina-Präsident Gerald Haug gratuliert Leopoldina-Mitglied Reinhard Genzel zum Nobelpreis für Physik" (in de). https://idw-online.de/en/news755391.
24. ↑ "Neue Mitglieder der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften" (in de). https://idw-online.de/de/news62176.
25. ↑ "Reinhard Genzel appointed to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences". 15 October 2020. https://www.mpe.mpg.de/7518142/news20201015.

## External links

* Genzel's Homepage at MPE
* Genzel's Profile at the MPG
* The Balzan-Stiftung award
* Black Holes and Galaxies 27 July 2009 – ANU podcast mp3 also available as video on youtube
* Black Holes and Galaxies: Professor Reinhard Genzel – ANU TV on youtube
* Reinhard Genzel in Hyde Park Civilization on ČT24 1.7.2023 (moderator Daniel Stach)
* Miss nobel-id as parameter

* v
* t
* e

Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Physics

1901–1925|

* 1901: Röntgen
* 1902: Lorentz / Zeeman
* 1903: Becquerel / P. Curie / M. Curie
* 1904: Rayleigh
* 1905: Lenard
* 1906: J. J. Thomson
* 1907: Michelson
* 1908: Lippmann
* 1909: Marconi / Braun
* 1910: Van der Waals
* 1911: Wien
* 1912: Dalén
* 1913: Kamerlingh Onnes
* 1914: Laue
* 1915: W. L. Bragg / W. H. Bragg
* 1916
* 1917: Barkla
* 1918: Planck
* 1919: Stark
* 1920: Guillaume
* 1921: Einstein
* 1922: N. Bohr
* 1923: Millikan
* 1924: M. Siegbahn
* 1925: Franck / Hertz

1926–1950|

* 1926: Perrin
* 1927: Compton / C. Wilson
* 1928: O. Richardson
* 1929: De Broglie
* 1930: Raman
* 1931
* 1932: Heisenberg
* 1933: Schrödinger / Dirac
* 1934
* 1935: Chadwick
* 1936: Hess / C. D. Anderson
* 1937: Davisson / G. P. Thomson
* 1938: Fermi
* 1939: Lawrence
* 1940
* 1941
* 1942
* 1943: Stern
* 1944: Rabi
* 1945: Pauli
* 1946: Bridgman
* 1947: Appleton
* 1948: Blackett
* 1949: Yukawa
* 1950: Powell

1951–1975|

* 1951: Cockcroft / Walton
* 1952: Bloch / Purcell
* 1953: Zernike
* 1954: Born / Bothe
* 1955: Lamb / Kusch
* 1956: Shockley / Bardeen / Brattain
* 1957: C. N. Yang / T. D. Lee
* 1958: Cherenkov / Frank / Tamm
* 1959: Segrè / Chamberlain
* 1960: Glaser
* 1961: Hofstadter / Mössbauer
* 1962: Landau
* 1963: Wigner / Goeppert Mayer / Jensen
* 1964: Townes / Basov / Prokhorov
* 1965: Tomonaga / Schwinger / Feynman
* 1966: Kastler
* 1967: Bethe
* 1968: Alvarez
* 1969: Gell-Mann
* 1970: Alfvén / Néel
* 1971: Gabor
* 1972: Bardeen / Cooper / Schrieffer
* 1973: Esaki / Giaever / Josephson
* 1974: Ryle / Hewish
* 1975: A. Bohr / Mottelson / Rainwater

1976–2000|

* 1976: Richter / Ting
* 1977: P. W. Anderson / Mott / Van Vleck
* 1978: Kapitsa / Penzias / R. Wilson
* 1979: Glashow / Salam / Weinberg
* 1980: Cronin / Fitch
* 1981: Bloembergen / Schawlow / K. Siegbahn
* 1982: K. Wilson
* 1983: Chandrasekhar / Fowler
* 1984: Rubbia / Van der Meer
* 1985: von Klitzing
* 1986: Ruska / Binnig / Rohrer
* 1987: Bednorz / Müller
* 1988: Lederman / Schwartz / Steinberger
* 1989: Ramsey / Dehmelt / Paul
* 1990: Friedman / Kendall / R. Taylor
* 1991: de Gennes
* 1992: Charpak
* 1993: Hulse / J. Taylor
* 1994: Brockhouse / Shull
* 1995: Perl / Reines
* 1996: D. Lee / Osheroff / R. Richardson
* 1997: Chu / Cohen-Tannoudji / Phillips
* 1998: Laughlin / Störmer / Tsui
* 1999: 't Hooft / Veltman
* 2000: Alferov / Kroemer / Kilby

2001–
present|

* 2001: Cornell / Ketterle / Wieman
* 2002: Davis / Koshiba / Giacconi
* 2003: Abrikosov / Ginzburg / Leggett
* 2004: Gross / Politzer / Wilczek
* 2005: Glauber / Hall / Hänsch
* 2006: Mather / Smoot
* 2007: Fert / Grünberg
* 2008: Nambu / Kobayashi / Maskawa
* 2009: Kao / Boyle / Smith
* 2010: Geim / Novoselov
* 2011: Perlmutter / Riess / Schmidt
* 2012: Wineland / Haroche
* 2013: Englert / Higgs
* 2014: Akasaki / Amano / Nakamura
* 2015: Kajita / McDonald
* 2016: Thouless / Haldane / Kosterlitz
* 2017: Weiss / Barish / Thorne
* 2018: Ashkin / Mourou / Strickland
* 2019: Peebles / Mayor / Queloz

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