Robert of Chester

Robert of Chester (Latin: Robertus Castrensis) was an English Arabist of the 12th century. He translated several historically important books from Arabic to Latin, such as:

* The Book of the Composition of Alchemy (Liber de compositione alchemiae): translated in 1144, this was the first book on alchemy to become available in Europe[1]
* The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing (Liber algebrae et almucabola): Al-Khwārizmī's book about algebra, translated in 1145[2]

In the 1140s Robert worked in Spain, where the division of the country between Muslim and Christian rulers resulted in opportunities for interchange between the different cultures. However, by the end of the decade he had returned to England. Some sources identify him with Robert of Ketton (Latin: Robertus Ketenensis) who was also active as an Arabic-Latin translator in the 1140s.[2] However, Ketton and Chester, while both places in England, are a long way apart. Also, when in Spain, Robert of Ketton was based in the Kingdom of Navarre, whereas Robert of Chester is known to have worked in Segovia. The word "sine" (Latin "sinus") comes from a Latin mistranslation by Robert of Chester of the Arabic jiba, which is a transliteration of the Sanskrit word for half the chord, jya-ardha.[3]

## See also

* Latin translations of the 12th century
* Louis Charles Karpinski

## Notes

1. ↑ The Arabic Origin of Liber de compositione alchimiae
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Robert of Chester (1915). Algebra of al-Khowarizmi. Macmillan. http://library.albany.edu/preservation/brittle_bks/khuwarizmi_robertofchester/.

## References

* Lo Bello, Anthony. "Robert of Chester". The commentary of Al-Nayrizi on Book I of Euclid's Elements of geometry, with an introduction on the transmission of Euclid's Elements in the Middle Ages. Boston: Brill Academic. pp. 41–44. ISBN 0-391-04192-4.
* Charles Burnett, ‘Ketton, Robert of (fl. 1141–1157)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. (This is, in effect, a double biography covering both Robert of Ketton and Robert of Chester.)

## External links

* [1], complete text online. Translation of Robert of Chester, or Robert of Ketton.

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