Robin Milner

Short description: British computer scientist (1934–2010)

Robin Milner

Born|

Arthur John Robin Gorell Milner

(1934-01-13)13 January 1934

Yealmpton, Plymouth, England

Died| 20 March 2010(2010-03-20) (aged 76)

Cambridge, England

Known for|

* Theory of Computer Science
* LCF
* ML
* Calculus of communicating systems
* π-calculus
* Hindley–Milner type inference

Awards|

* Turing Award (1991)[1]
* FRS
* DFBCS
* FRSE
* Foreign Associate, NAE

Scientific career
Fields| Computer science
Institutions|

* Ferranti
* City University, London
* Swansea University
* Stanford University
* University of Edinburgh
* University of Cambridge
* Aarhus University

Doctoral advisor| None, as Milner never did a PhD[2]
Doctoral students| Mads Tofte (1988)
Faron Moller
Chris Tofts
Davide Sangiorgi (1993)[3][4]

Arthur John Robin Gorell Milner FRS (13 January 1934 – 20 March 2010) was a British computer scientist, and a Turing Award winner.[5][6][7][8][9][10]

## Contents

* 1 Life, education and career
* 2 Contributions
* 3 Honors and awards
* 4 Selected publications
* 5 References
* 6 Further reading
* 7 External links

## Life, education and career

Milner was born in Yealmpton, near Plymouth, England into a military family. He gained a King's Scholarship to Eton College in 1947, and was awarded the Tomline Prize (the highest prize in Mathematics at Eton) in 1952. Subsequently, he served in the Royal Engineers, attaining the rank of Second Lieutenant. He then enrolled at King's College, Cambridge, graduating in 1957. Milner first worked as a schoolteacher then as a programmer at Ferranti, before entering academia at City University, London, then Swansea University, Stanford University, and from 1973 at the University of Edinburgh, where he was a co-founder of the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science (LFCS). He returned to Cambridge as the head of the Computer Laboratory in 1995 from which he eventually stepped down, although he was still at the laboratory. From 2009, Milner was a Scottish Informatics & Computer Science Alliance Advanced Research Fellow and held (part-time) the Chair of Computer Science at the University of Edinburgh.

Milner died of a heart attack on 20 March 2010 in Cambridge.[5][11] His wife, Lucy, died shortly before he did.[12]

## Contributions

Milner is generally regarded as having made three major contributions to computer science. He developed Logic for Computable Functions (LCF), one of the first tools for automated theorem proving. The language he developed for LCF, ML, was the first language with polymorphic type inference and type-safe exception handling. In a very different area, Milner also developed a theoretical framework for analyzing concurrent systems, the calculus of communicating systems (CCS), and its successor, the π-calculus.

At the time of his death, he was working on bigraphs, a formalism for ubiquitous computing subsuming CCS and the π-calculus.[13] He is also credited for rediscovering the Hindley–Milner type system.

## Honors and awards

He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society in 1988. Milner received the ACM Turing Award in 1991. In 1994 he was inducted as a Fellow of the ACM. In 2004, the Royal Society of Edinburgh awarded Milner with a Royal Medal for his "bringing about public benefits on a global scale". In 2008, he was elected a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Engineering for "fundamental contributions to computer science, including the development of LCF, ML, CCS, and the π-calculus."[1]

The Royal Society Milner Award[14] and the ACM SIGPLAN Robin Milner Young Researcher Award[15] are both named after him.

## Selected publications

* A Calculus of Communicating Systems, Robin Milner. Springer-Verlag (LNCS 92), 1980. ISBN 3-540-10235-3
* Communication and Concurrency, Robin Milner. Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1989. ISBN 0-13-115007-3
* The Definition of Standard ML, Robin Milner, Mads Tofte, Robert Harper, MIT Press 1990
* Commentary on Standard ML, Robin Milner, Mads Tofte, MIT Press 1991. ISBN 0-262-63137-7
* The Definition of Standard ML (Revised), Robin Milner, Mads Tofte, Robert Harper, David MacQueen, MIT Press 1997. ISBN 0-262-63181-4
* Communicating and Mobile Systems: the π-Calculus, Robin Milner. Cambridge University Press , 1999. ISBN 0-521-65869-1
* The Space and Motion of Communicating Agents, Robin Milner, Cambridge University Press , 2009. ISBN 978-0-521-73833-0

See also: Publications by Robin Milner in DBLP

## References

1. ↑ Milner, R. (1993). "Elements of interaction: Turing award lecture". Communications of the ACM 36: 78–89. doi:10.1145/151233.151240.
2. ↑ Interview with Robin Milner by Martin Berger.
3. ↑ Sangiorgi, Davide (1993). Expressing Mobility in Process Algebras: First-Order and Higher-Order Paradigms (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/6569. OCLC 29948444. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.566460.
4. ↑ Robin Milner at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Obituary – Professor Robin Milner: computer scientist, The Times, 31 March 2010.
6. ↑ Hoffmann, L. (2010). "Robin Milner: the elegant pragmatist". Communications of the ACM 53 (6): 20. doi:10.1145/1743546.1743556.
7. ↑ Milner, R. (1987). "Is Computing an Experimental Science?". Journal of Information Technology 2 (2): 58–66. doi:10.1057/jit.1987.12.
8. ↑ http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/misc/obituaries/milner Cambridge University – Obituary
9. ↑ http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rm135/ Milner's Cambridge homepage
10. ↑ Robin Milner author profile page at the ACM Digital Library
11. ↑ Newsgroup message informing on Milner's death.
12. ↑ "Robin Milner: Pioneering computer scientist". The Independent. 2010-04-14. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/robin-milner-pioneering-computer-scientist-1943933.html.
13. ↑ Milner, Robin. "The Bigraphical Model". University of Cambridge. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rm135/uam-theme.html. "Bigraphs [...] are proposed as a Ubiquitous Abstract Machine, playing the foundational role for ubiquitous computing that the von Neumann machine has played for sequential computing."
14. ↑ "The Royal Society Milner Award and Lecture | Royal Society" (in en-gb). https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/milner-award/.
15. ↑ "SIGPLAN Robin Milner Young Researcher Award". SIGPLAN. 2012. https://www.sigplan.org/Awards/Milner/.

## Further reading

* An interview with Robin Milner, January 2010.
* Proof, Language, and Interaction: Essays in Honour of Robin Milner, edited by Gordon Plotkin, Colin Stirling and Mads Tofte. The MIT Press, 2000. ISBN 0-262-16188-5.
* The Royal Society of Edinburgh: Royal Gold Medals for Outstanding Achievement (2004 press release). http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/rse_press/2004/medals.htm
* A brief biography of and speech by Robin Milner
* A Brief Scientific Biography of Robin Milner (from Proof, Language, and Interaction: Essays in Honour of Robin Milner)

## External links

* Address in Bologna, a short address by Milner on receiving Laurea Honoris Causa in Computer Science from the University of Bologna, summarising some of his main works, 9 July 1997
* Is informatics a science?, conference at ENS, 10 December 2007

* v
* t
* e

EATCS Award laureates

* Karp (2000)
* Böhm (2001)
* Nivat (2002)
* Rozenberg (2003)
* Salomaa (2004)
* Milner (2005)
* Paterson (2006)
* Scott (2007)
* Valiant (2008)
* Huet (2009)
* Mehlhorn (2010)
* Trakhtenbrot (2011)
* Vardi (2012)
* Dyer (2013)
* Plotkin (2014)
* Papadimitriou (2015)
* Kozen (2016)
* Tardos (2017)

* v
* t
* e

A. M. Turing Award laureates

1960s|

* Alan Perlis (1966)
* Maurice Vincent Wilkes (1967)
* Richard Hamming (1968)
* Marvin Minsky (1969)

1970s|

* James H. Wilkinson (1970)
* John McCarthy (1971)
* Edsger W. Dijkstra (1972)
* Charles Bachman (1973)
* Donald Knuth (1974)
* Allen Newell / Herbert A. Simon (1975)
* Michael O. Rabin / Dana Scott (1976)
* John Backus (1977)
* Robert W. Floyd (1978)
* Kenneth E. Iverson (1979)

1980s|

* Tony Hoare (1980)
* Edgar F. Codd (1981)
* Stephen Cook (1982)
* Ken Thompson / Dennis Ritchie (1983)
* Niklaus Wirth (1984)
* Richard Karp (1985)
* John Hopcroft / Robert Tarjan (1986)
* John Cocke (1987)
* Ivan Sutherland (1988)
* William Kahan (1989)

1990s|

* Fernando J. Corbató (1990)
* Robin Milner (1991)
* Butler Lampson (1992)
* Juris Hartmanis / Richard E. Stearns (1993)
* Edward Feigenbaum / Raj Reddy (1994)
* Manuel Blum (1995)
* Amir Pnueli (1996)
* Douglas Engelbart (1997)
* Jim Gray (1998)
* Fred Brooks (1999)

2000s|

* Andrew Yao (2000)
* Ole-Johan Dahl / Kristen Nygaard (2001)
* Ron Rivest / Adi Shamir / Leonard Adleman (2002)
* Alan Kay (2003)
* Vint Cerf / Bob Kahn (2004)
* Peter Naur (2005)
* Frances E. Allen (2006)
* Edmund M. Clarke / E. Allen Emerson / Joseph Sifakis (2007)
* Barbara Liskov (2008)
* Charles P. Thacker (2009)

2010s|

* Leslie G. Valiant (2010)
* Judea Pearl (2011)
* Shafi Goldwasser / Silvio Micali (2012)
* Leslie Lamport (2013)
* Michael Stonebraker (2014)
* Martin Hellman / Whitfield Diffie (2015)
* Tim Berners-Lee (2016)
* John L. Hennessy / David Patterson (2017)
* Yoshua Bengio / Geoffrey Hinton / Yann LeCun (2018)

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