Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase

Short description: Class of enzymes

Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase

Identifiers
EC number| 1.14.13.129
CAS number| 133425-64-6
Databases
IntEnz| IntEnz view
BRENDA| BRENDA entry
ExPASy| NiceZyme view
KEGG| KEGG entry
MetaCyc| metabolic pathway
PRIAM| profile
PDB structures| RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
| Search

PMC| articles
PubMed| articles
NCBI| proteins

Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.129, beta-carotene 3,3'-monooxygenase, CrtZ) is an enzyme with systematic name beta-carotene,NADH:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase .[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

beta-carotene + 2 NADH + 2 H+ \+ 2 O2 ⇌ zeaxanthin \+ 2 NAD+ \+ 2 H2O (overall reaction)
(1a) beta-carotene + NADH + H+ \+ O2 ⇌ beta-cryptoxanthin + NAD+ \+ H2O
(1b) beta-cryptoxanthin + NADH + H+ \+ O2 ⇌ zeaxanthin + NAD+ \+ H2O

Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase requires ferredoxin and Fe(II).

## References

1. ↑ "Cloning and functional analysis of the beta-carotene hydroxylase of Arabidopsis thaliana". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (40): 24349–52. October 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349. PMID 8798688.
2. ↑ "In vitro characterization of astaxanthin biosynthetic enzymes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (10): 6128–35. March 1997. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.10.6128. PMID 9045623.
3. ↑ "Enzymic confirmation of reactions involved in routes to astaxanthin formation, elucidated using a direct substrate in vitro assay". European Journal of Biochemistry 252 (2): 229–36. March 1998. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2520229.x. PMID 9523693.
4. ↑ "Xanthophyll biosynthesis: molecular and functional characterization of carotenoid hydroxylases from pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.)". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1391 (3): 320–8. April 1998. doi:10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0. PMID 9555077.
5. ↑ "Carotenoid hydroxylase from Haematococcus pluvialis: cDNA sequence, regulation and functional complementation". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1446 (3): 203–12. September 1999. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00088-3. PMID 10524195.
6. ↑ "cDNAs for the synthesis of cyclic carotenoids in petals of Gentiana lutea and their regulation during flower development". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1625 (3): 305–8. February 2003. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00017-4. PMID 12591618.
7. ↑ "Characterization of bacterial beta-carotene 3,3'-hydroxylases, CrtZ, and P450 in astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway and adonirubin production by gene combination in Escherichia coli". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 72 (6): 1238–46. October 2006. doi:10.1007/s00253-006-0426-2. PMID 16614859.

## External links

* Beta-carotene+3-hydroxylase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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Oxidoreductases: dioxygenases, including steroid hydroxylases (EC 1.14)

1.14.11: 2-oxoglutarate|

* Prolyl hydroxylase
* HIF prolyl-hydroxylase
* EGLN1
* EGLN2
* EGLN3
* P4HTM
* Lysyl hydroxylase

1.14.13: NADH or NADPH|

* Flavin-containing monooxygenase
* FMO1
* FMO2
* FMO3
* FMO4
* FMO5
* Nitric oxide synthase
* NOS1
* NOS2
* NOS3
* Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase
* Methane monooxygenase
* 3A4
* Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase
* 24-hydroxycholesterol 7α-hydroxylase

1.14.14: reduced flavin or flavoprotein|

* 19A1
* 2D6
* 2E1

1.14.15: reduced iron-sulfur protein|

* 11B1
* 11B2
* 11A1

1.14.16: reduced pteridine (BH4 dependent)|

* Phenylalanine hydroxylase
* Tyrosine hydroxylase
* Tryptophan hydroxylase

1.14.17: reduced ascorbate|

* Dopamine beta-hydroxylase

1.14.18-19: other|

* Tyrosinase
* Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1

1.14.99 \- miscellaneous|

* Cyclooxygenase
* Heme oxygenase (HMOX1)
* Squalene monooxygenase
* 17A1
* 21A2
* Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase

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Enzymes

Activity|

* Active site
* Binding site
* Catalytic triad
* Oxyanion hole
* Enzyme promiscuity
* Catalytically perfect enzyme
* Coenzyme
* Cofactor
* Enzyme catalysis

Regulation|

* Allosteric regulation
* Cooperativity
* Enzyme inhibitor
* Enzyme activator

Classification|

* EC number
* Enzyme superfamily
* Enzyme family
* List of enzymes

Kinetics|

* Enzyme kinetics
* Eadie–Hofstee diagram
* Hanes–Woolf plot
* Lineweaver–Burk plot
* Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Types|

* EC1 Oxidoreductases (list)
* EC2 Transferases (list)
* EC3 Hydrolases (list)
* EC4 Lyases (list)
* EC5 Isomerases (list)
* EC6 Ligases (list)
* EC7 Translocases (list)

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