Canada geese in New Zealand

Canada goose

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) were introduced as a game bird into New Zealand in 1905. They became problematic because of the damage caused to pastures and crops.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Effects
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading
* 6 External links

## History

Canada geese were introduced as a game bird into New Zealand in 1905.[1] They were protected under the Wildlife Act of 1953 and the population was managed by Fish and Game New Zealand who culled excessive bird numbers. The number of birds increased and by 1996 they had reached an estimated population of 40,000 in the South Island.[1] In 2011 the government removed the protection status allowing anyone to kill the birds.[2][3]

## Effects

Canada geese are often seen in pastures and in the braided river valleys of the South Island and damage to pastures was reported as early as 1925. They affect pastures by competing for food with the farmed animals and by leaving droppings. The birds may also be responsible for some damage to crops.[1]

## See also

* Invasive species in New Zealand
* Hunting in New Zealand
* Agriculture in New Zealand

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Spurr, E. B; Coleman, J. D; Whenua, Manaaki (2005). Review of Canada goose population trends, damage, and control in New Zealand. Lincoln, N.Z.: Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research. ISBN 9780478093797.
2. ↑ "Canada geese protection status changed". Beehive - New Zealand Government. 17 March 2011. http://beehive.govt.nz/release/canada-geese-protection-status-changed. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
3. ↑ "Change to protection status of Canada geese". Department of Conservation. http://www.doc.govt.nz/about-doc/role/legislation/wildlife-act/change-to-protection-status-of-canada-geese/. Retrieved 18 February 2013.

## Further reading

* White, E. G. (1986), Canada geese in New Zealand, Lincoln College and University of Canterbury. Centre for Resource Management, ISSN 0112-0875
* Potts, K. J; Andrew, J. J. (1991). Canada geese feeding on farmland in North Canterbury high country. Wellington, N.Z.: Dept. of Conservation. ISBN 9780478013207. http://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/SR39.pdf.
* Coleman, Jim (April 2008). Review of Impacts to Pasture Production by Black Swans (Cygnus atratus) and Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in Northland. Landcare Research Contract Report: LC0708/104. Whangarei [N.Z.]: Landcare Research. http://www.envirolink.govt.nz/PageFiles/475/464-NLRC67.pdf. Retrieved 2013-02-18.

## External links

* Game birds - Canada geese at  The Encyclopedia of New Zealand

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