European pine marten

Short description: Species of mammal in the mustelid family

"Pine marten" redirects here. For the North American pine marten, see American marten. For the Newfoundland subspecies, see Newfoundland pine marten.

European pine marten

Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Mammalia
Order:  | Carnivora
Family:  | Mustelidae
Genus:  | Martes
Species:  |

M. martes

Binomial name
Martes martes

(Linnaeus, 1758)

European pine marten range
(green – native, red – introduced)
Synonyms

Mustela martes Linnaeus, 1758

The European pine marten (Martes martes), also known as the pine marten, is a mustelid native to and widespread in most of Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, and parts of Iran, Iraq, and Syria. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.[1] It is less commonly known as baum marten[2] or sweet marten.[3]

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Distribution and habitat
* 2.1 Ireland
* 3 Behaviour and ecology
* 3.1 Lifespan
* 3.2 Predators
* 4 Threats
* 5 In culture
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 Further reading

## Description

Skull of a European pine marten

The European pine marten's fur is usually light to dark brown. It is short and coarse in the summer, growing longer and silkier during the winter. It has a cream- to yellow-coloured "bib" marking on its throat. Its body is up to 53 cm (21 in) long, with a bushy tail of about 25 cm (9.8 in). It weighs around 1.5–1.7 kg (3.3–3.7 lb); males are slightly larger than females. It has excellent senses of sight, smell, and hearing.[4]

## Distribution and habitat

===Great Britain===

European pine marten at the British Wildlife Centre

The European pine marten was for many years common only in northwestern Scotland.[5] A study in 2012 found that it has spread from the Scottish Highlands north into Sutherland and Caithness and southeastwards from the Great Glen into Moray, Aberdeenshire, Perthshire, Tayside, and Stirlingshire, with some in the Central Belt, on the Kintyre and Cowal peninsulas, and on the islands of Skye and Mull. The expansion in the Galloway Forest has been limited compared with that in the core marten range. Martens were reintroduced to the Glen Trool Forest in the early 1980s and only restricted spread has occurred from there.[6]

In England, the European pine marten was considered to be extinct. Analysis of a scat found at Kidland Forest in Northumberland in June 2010 may represent either a recolonisation from Scotland, or a relict population that has escaped notice previously.[7] There have been numerous reported sightings of European pine martens in Cumbria over the years; however, only in 2011 was scat found and DNA-tested,[8] followed in October 2022 by images of a European pine marten in Grizedale Forest.[9]

In July 2015, the first confirmed sighting of a European pine marten in England for over a century was recorded by an amateur photographer in the woodlands of Shropshire.[10] Sightings have continued in the area and juveniles were recorded in 2019, indicating a breeding population.[11] In July 2017, footage of a live European pine marten was captured by a camera trap in the North York Moors in Yorkshire;[12][13] in March 2018, the first ever footage of a European pine marten in Northumberland was captured by the Back from the Brink pine marten project.[14]

The European pine marten's presence in Southern England's New Forest was confirmed in 2021, and they are now breeding there.[15][16] In September 2022, the first European pine marten to be seen in London in a century was spotted by the Zoological Society of London's wildlife cameras as part of a hedgehog monitoring program.[17] The Kent Wildlife Trust in collaboration with the Sussex Wildlife Trust announced a project in February 2024 to assess the feasibility of reintroducing European pine martens to South East England.[18][19]

There is a small population of the European pine marten in Wales. Scat found in Cwm Rheidol forest in 2007 was confirmed by DNA testing to be from a European pine marten. A male was found in 2012 as road kill near Newtown, Powys. This was the first confirmation in Wales of the species, living or dead, since 1971.[20] The Vincent Wildlife Trust (VWT) has begun a reinforcement of these mammals in the mid-Wales area. During autumn 2015, 20 European pine martens were captured in Scotland, in areas where a healthy European pine marten population occurs, under licence from Scottish Natural Heritage. These individuals were translocated and released in an area of mid-Wales. All of the martens were fitted with radio collars and are being tracked daily to monitor their movements and find out where they have set up territories. During autumn 2016, the VWT planned to capture and release another 20 European pine martens in the hope of creating a self-sustaining population.[21] Following the success of these projects, 35 European pine martens were reintroduced between 2019 and 2021 to the Forest of Dean in South West England where they were last seen in 1860,[22][23] with the hope that in time they will merge with the growing population in Wales to form a contiguous presence.[24] After successful breeding every year, by 2023 their numbers were estimated to be approaching 60.[25]

### Ireland

The European pine marten is still quite rare on the island of Ireland, but the population is recovering and spreading. Its traditional strongholds are in the west and south, especially the Burren and Killarney National Park, but the population in the Midlands has significantly increased in recent years.[26] The European pine marten is distributed across all counties of Northern Ireland.[27] The predation of eastern grey squirrels by European pine martens has been beneficial for the population of the native red squirrel.[28]

## Behaviour and ecology

Tracks on mud Tracks in snow

The European pine marten is the only mustelid with semiretractable claws. This enables them to lead more arboreal lifestyles, such as climbing or running on tree branches, although they are also relatively quick runners on the ground. They are mainly active at night and dusk. They have small, rounded, highly sensitive ears and sharp teeth adapted for eating small mammals, birds, insects, frogs, and carrion. They have also been known to eat berries, fruits, birds' eggs, nuts, and honey. The European pine marten is territorial and marks its home range by depositing feces. Its scat is black and twisted.[5]

The recovery of the European pine marten in Ireland has been credited with reducing the population of invasive grey squirrels.[29] Where the range of the expanding European pine marten population meets that of the grey squirrel, the population of the grey squirrels quickly retreats and the red squirrel population recovers. Because the grey squirrel spends more time on the ground than the red squirrel, which co-evolved with the pine marten, they are thought to be far more likely to come in contact with this predator.[30]

### Lifespan

The European pine marten has lived to 18 years in captivity, but the maximum age recorded in the wild is only 11 years, with 3–4 years being more typical. They reach sexual maturity at 2–3 years of age. Copulation usually occurs on the ground and can last more than an hour.[31] Mating occurs in July and August, but the fertilized egg does not enter the uterus for about 7 months. The young are usually born in late March or early April, in litters of one to five, after a month-long gestation period that happens after the implantation of the fertilized egg.[4] Young European pine martens weigh around 30 g (1.1 oz) at birth. The young begin to emerge from their dens around 7–8 weeks after birth and are able to disperse from the den around 12–16 weeks after their birth.[citation needed]

### Predators

Larger mammalian predators and birds of prey, such as Eurasian lynx, wolverine, red fox, golden eagle, Eurasian eagle-owl, Eurasian goshawk and white-tailed eagle, prey on European pine martens, especially young individuals.[32]

## Threats

Humans are the greatest threat to the European pine marten. They are vulnerable to conflict with humans arising from predator control for other species, or following predation of livestock and the use of inhabited buildings for denning. Martens may also be affected by woodland loss, which results in habitat loss for the animal.[6] Persecution (illegal poisoning and shooting), loss of habitat leading to fragmentation, and other human disturbances have caused a considerable decline in the European pine marten population. In some areas, they are also prized for their very fine fur. In the UK, European pine martens and their dens are offered full protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the Environmental Protection Act 1990.[33]

## In culture

The European pine marten is one of the national symbols of Croatia[34] and appears on the Croatian euro coins. Previously, the European pine marten appeared on the obverse side of the 1-, 2-, 5-, and 25-Croatian kuna,[35] the word "kuna" meaning "marten" in Croatian.[36]

## See also

* Marturina

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Maran, T.; Monakhov, V.G. (2016). "Martes martes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T12848A45199169.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12848/45199169. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
2. ↑ "Definition of 'baum marten'". Collins Dictionary. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/baum-marten.
3. ↑ "Definition of 'sweet marten'". Collins Dictionary. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sweet-marten.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Pine marten". Trees for Life (Scotland). https://treesforlife.org.uk/into-the-forest/trees-plants-animals/mammals/pine-marten/.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Pine marten". Vincent Wildlife Trust. 12 March 2015. http://www.vwt.org.uk/species/pine-marten.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Croose, E.; Birks, J.D.S.; Schofield, H.W. (2013). ﻿Expansion zone survey of pine marten (Martes martes) distribution in Scotland (Project no: 13645)﻿ (Commissioned Report). 520. Vincent Wildlife Trust; Scottish Natural Heritage. http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/520.pdf. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
7. ↑ "Found at last! pine marten rediscovered in Northumberland". Northumberland Wildlife Trust. 2010. http://www.nwt.org.uk/news/2011/08/17/found-last-pine-marten-rediscovered-northumberland.
8. ↑ "Pine Marten rediscovered in Cumbria after 10 years!". Wild Travel Magazine. 2011. http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/pine-marten-cumbria.html#cr.
9. ↑ "First Grizedale Forest pine marten in 10 years caught on camera". BBC News. 2022. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cumbria-63083450.
10. ↑ "Shropshire pine marten sighting is the first in a century". BBC News. 2015. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-shropshire-33549202.
11. ↑ "Shropshire Pine Marten Project". https://www.shropshirewildlifetrust.org.uk/pinemartenproject.
12. ↑ "Rare pine marten captured on camera in Yorkshire". BBC News. 2017. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-40850833.
13. ↑ "First ever images of pine marten in Yorkshire". 2017. https://naturespy.org/naturespy-find-the-yorkshire-pine-marten/.
14. ↑ "Rare pine marten captured on camera in Northumberland". Northumberland Gazette. 2018. https://www.northumberlandgazette.co.uk/news/rare-pine-marten-captured-on-camera-in-northumberland-1-9073379.
15. ↑ "Hidden cameras spot New Forest pine marten". BBC News. 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-hampshire-58191770.
16. ↑ "Rare animal returns to the New Forest after an absence of decades". 2024. https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/24026971.rare-pine-martens-return-new-forest-decades-absence/.
17. ↑ "Endangered pine marten spotted in London for the first time in 100 years". 8 September 2022. https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/endangered-pine-marten-spotted-in-london-for-the-first-time-in-100-years/.
18. ↑ "South East Pine Marten Restoration Project | Kent Wildlife Trust". https://www.kentwildlifetrust.org.uk/our-work/our-projects/south-east-pine-marten-restoration-project.
19. ↑ "Kent and Sussex could see pine marten populations reintroduced". 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c04r42p4zkdo.
20. ↑ McCarthy, Michael (2012). "'Extinct' animal turns up in Wales as roadside carcass proves elusive pine martens still exist". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/extinct-animal-turns-up-in-wales-as-roadside-carcass-proves-elusive-pine-martens-still-exist-8298250.html.
21. ↑ "Pine Marten Recovery Projects". Vincent Wildlife Trust. 2015. http://www.pine-marten-recovery-project.org.uk/about-us/wales.
22. ↑ "Pine martens reintroduced to England | The Wildlife Trusts" (in en). 2019-10-01. https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/news/pine-martens-reintroduced-england.
23. ↑ "Forest's pine martens are crossing the Wye". 2021. https://www.theforester.co.uk/news/forests-pine-martens-are-crossing-the-wye-480555.
24. ↑ "Project Pine Marten | Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust". https://www.gloucestershirewildlifetrust.co.uk/project-pine-marten.
25. ↑ "Forest of Dean: Another successful breeding year for pine martens". BBC News. 2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-66271897.
26. ↑ Kelleher, L. (2013). "Red squirrels make comeback as pine martens prey on greys". Irish Independent. https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/red-squirrels-make-comeback-as-pine-martens-prey-on-greys-29106337.html.
27. ↑ Macauley, C. (2015). "QUB study shows pine martens are more common in NI than thought". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-33407092.
28. ↑ Sheehy, E.; Lawton, C. (2014). "Population crash in an invasive species following the recovery of a native predator: the case of the American grey squirrel and the European pine marten in Ireland". Biodiversity and Conservation 23 (3): 753–774. doi:10.1007/s10531-014-0632-7. Bibcode: 2014BiCon..23..753S. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259900384.
29. ↑ Sheehy, E.; Lawton, C. (2014). "Population crash in an invasive species following the recovery of a native predator: the case of the American grey squirrel and the European pine marten in Ireland". Biodiversity and Conservation 23 (3): 753–774. doi:10.1007/s10531-014-0632-7. Bibcode: 2014BiCon..23..753S. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259900384.
30. ↑ "The Pine Marten: FAQs". Pine Marten Recovery Project. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
31. ↑ Forder, V. (2006). "Mating behaviour in captive pine martens Martes martes". Wildwood Trust. https://wildwoodtrust.org/sites/default/files/wildwood-media/Files/pine-marten-info.pdf.
32. ↑ Heptner, V. G. "Mammals of Soviet Union. Sea cows and carnivora." Vysshaya shkola 2 (1967): 1-1004.
33. ↑ "Pine marten (Martes martes)". ARKive. http://www.arkive.org/pine-marten/martes-martes/.
34. ↑ Olivia, L. (2023). "What is the National Animal of Croatia?". Inspired by Croatia. https://www.inspiredbycroatia.com/blog/national-animal-of-croatia/.
35. ↑ "1 Kuna (Latin text) - Croatia". Numista. 2024. https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces4816.html.
36. ↑ "Money in Croatia". 3 April 2013. https://www.visit-croatia.co.uk/information-on-croatia/money-in-croatia/.

## Further reading

* Macdonald, David W. (2001). Mammals of Europe. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-06910-9-160-0. https://archive.org/details/mammalsofeurope00macd/page/118/mode/2up?q=pine+marten&view=theater.

* v
* t
* e

Extant Carnivora species

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Infraclass: Eutheria
* Superorder: Laurasiatheria

[[Feliformia|Feliformia Template:Normal]]

Feliformia

* African palm civet (Nandinia binotata)

Feloidea

| [[Asiatic linsang|Prionodon Template:Normal]]|

* Banded linsang (P. linsang)
* Spotted linsang (P. pardicolor)

|

[[Felidae|Felidae Template:Normal]]

| Pantherinae|

| Neofelis|

* Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi)
* Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa)

|

Panthera|

* Snow leopard (P. uncia)
* Tiger (P. tigris)
* Jaguar (P. onca)
* Lion (P. leo)
* Leopard (P. pardus)

Felinae sensu stricto

| Bay cat
Template:Normal|

| Pardofelis|

* Marbled cat (P. marmorata)

|

Catopuma|

* Bay cat (C. badia)
* Asian golden cat (C. temminckii)

Caracal
Template:Normal|

* Serval (Leptailurus serval)

Caracal|

* African golden cat (C. aurata)
* Caracal (C. caracal)

Leopardus|

* Pampas cat (L. colocola)
* Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi)
* Kodkod (L. guigna)
* Southern tiger cat (L. guttulus)
* Andean mountain cat (L. jacobita)
* Ocelot (L. pardalis)
* Oncilla (L. tigrinus)
* Margay (L. wiedii)

Lynx|

* Canada lynx (L. canadensis)
* Eurasian lynx (L. lynx)
* Iberian lynx (L. pardinus)
* Bobcat (L. rufus)

Puma
Template:Normal|

| Acinonyx|

* Cheetah (A. jubatus)

|

* Jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi)

Puma|

* Cougar (P. concolor)

Leopard cat
Template:Normal|

* Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul)

Prionailurus|

* Leopard cat (P. bengalensis)
* Sunda leopard cat (P. javanensis)
* Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps)
* Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus)
* Fishing cat (P. viverrinus)

Felis|

* Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti)
* Domestic cat (F. catus)
* Jungle cat (F. chaus)
* African wildcat (F. lybica)
* Sand cat (F. margarita)
* Black-footed cat (F. nigripes)
* European wildcat (F. silvestris)

Viverroidea|

*     * see below↓

Viverroidea

Viverridae

Template:Normal

| Hemigalinae|

* Owston's palm civet (Chrotogale owstoni)
* Otter civet (Cynogale bennettii)
* Hose's palm civet (Diplogale hosei)
* Banded palm civet (Hemigalus derbyanus)

|

Paradoxurinae|

* Binturong (Arctictis binturong)
* Small-toothed palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata)
* Sulawesi palm civet (Macrogalidia musschenbroekii)
* Masked palm civet (Paguma larvata)

Paradoxurus|

* Asian palm civet (P. hermaphroditus)
* Brown palm civet (P. jerdoni)
* Golden palm civet (P. zeylonensis)

Viverrinae sensu lato

| Viverrinae
sensu stricto|

* Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica)
* African civet (Civettictis civetta)

Viverra|

* Malabar large-spotted civet (V. civettina)
* Large-spotted civet (V. megaspila)
* Malayan civet (V. tangalunga)
* Large Indian civet (V. zibetha)

Genettinae

| [[Poiana (genus)|Poiana
Template:Normal]]|

* Central African oyan (P. richardsonii)
* West African oyan (P. leightoni)

|

[[Genet (animal)|Genetta
Template:Normal]]|

* Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica)
* Angolan genet (G. angolensis)
* Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni)
* Crested servaline genet (G. cristata)
* South African small-spotted genet (G. felina)
* Common genet (G. genetta)
* Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni)
* Letaba genet (G. letabae)
* Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata)
* Pardine genet (G. pardina)
* Aquatic genet (G. piscivora)
* King genet (G. poensis)
* Schouteden's genet (G. schoutedeni)
* Servaline genet (G. servalina)
* Hausa genet (G. thierryi)
* Cape genet (G. tigrina)
* Giant forest genet (G. victoriae)

| Herpestoidea|

*     * see below↓

|

Herpestoidea

| [[Hyena|Hyaenidae
Template:Normal]]|

| Proteles|

* Aardwolf (P. cristata)

|

[[Hyaeninae|Hyaeninae
Template:Normal]]|

* Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena)
* Brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea)

Crocuta|

* Spotted hyena (C. crocuta)

Herpestidae sensu lato

| [[Eupleridae|Eupleridae
Template:Normal]]|

| [[Euplerinae|Euplerinae
Template:Normal]]|

* Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox)
* Malagasy civet (Fossa fossana)

[[Eupleres|Eupleres Template:Normal]]|

* Eastern falanouc (E. goudotii)
* Western falanouc (E. major)

[[Galidiinae|Galidiinae
Template:Normal]]|

* Ring-tailed vontsira (Galidia elegans)

Galidictis|

* Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (G. fasciata)
* Grandidier's mongoose (G. grandidieri)

* Narrow-striped mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata)

Salanoia|

* Brown-tailed mongoose (S. concolor)
* Durrell's vontsira (S. durrelli)

Herpestidae sensu stricto Template:Normal

Mungotinae

| Suricata|

* Meerkat (S. suricatta)

|

* Liberian mongoose (Liberiictus kuhni)

Mungos|

* Gambian mongoose (M. gambianus)
* Banded mongoose (M. mungo)

* Pousargues's mongoose (Dologale dybowskii)

Helogale|

* Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (H. hirtula)
* Common dwarf mongoose (H. parvula)

[[Crossarchus|Crossarchus
Template:Normal]]|

* Alexander's kusimanse (C. alexandri)
* Angolan kusimanse (C. ansorgei)
* Common kusimanse (C. obscurus)
* Flat-headed kusimanse (C. platycephalus)

Herpestinae

* Marsh mongoose (Atilax paludinosus)
* Long-nosed mongoose (Xenogale naso)

[[Urva (genus)|Urva
Template:Normal]]|

* Small Indian mongoose (U. auropunctata)
* Short-tailed mongoose (U. brachyura)
* Indian grey mongoose (U. edwardsii)
* Indian brown mongoose (U. fusca)
* Javan mongoose (U. javanica)
* Collared mongoose (U. semitorquata)
* Ruddy mongoose (U. smithii)
* Crab-eating mongoose (U. urva)
* Stripe-necked mongoose (U. vitticolla)

* White-tailed mongoose (Ichneumia albicauda)
* Yellow mongoose (Cynictis penicillata)
* Selous's mongoose (Paracynictis selousi)
* Meller's mongoose (Rhynchogale melleri)

Bdeogale|

* Bushy-tailed mongoose (B. crassicauda)
* Jackson's mongoose (B. jacksoni)
* Black-footed mongoose (B. nigripes)

[[Herpestes|Herpestes
Template:Normal]]|

* Angolan slender mongoose (H. flavescens)
* Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon)
* Somalian slender mongoose (H. ochracea)
* Cape gray mongoose (H. pulverulenta)
* Common slender mongoose (H. sanguinea)

[[Caniformia|Caniformia Template:Normal]]

[[Canidae|Canidae Template:Normal]]

| Urocyon|

* Gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus)
* Island fox (U. littoralis)

|

Vulpini

* Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis)

[[Nyctereutes|Nyctereutes
Template:Normal]]|

* Common raccoon dog (N. procyonoides)
* Japanese raccoon dog (N. viverrinus)

Vulpes
(true foxes)|

* Bengal fox (V. bengalensis)
* Blanford's fox (V. cana)
* Cape fox (V. chama)
* Corsac fox (V. corsac)
* Tibetan fox (V. ferrilata)
* Arctic fox (V. lagopus)
* Kit fox (V. macrotis)
* Pale fox (V. pallida)
* Rüppell's fox (V. rueppelli)
* Swift fox (V. velox)
* Red fox (V. vulpes)
* Fennec fox (V. zerda)

[[Canini (tribe)|Canini Template:Normal]]

[[Cerdocyonina|Cerdocyonina
Template:Normal]]

* Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Speothos|

* Bush dog (S. venaticus)

* Short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis)
* Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)

[[South American fox|Lycalopex
Template:Normal]]|

* Culpeo (L. culpaeus)
* Darwin's fox (L. fulvipes)
* South American gray fox (L. griseus)
* Pampas fox (L. gymnocercus)
* Sechuran fox (L. sechurae)
* Hoary fox (L. vetulus)

[[Canina (subtribe)|Canina
Template:Normal]]

| Lupulella|

* Side-striped jackal (L. adustus)
* Black-backed jackal (L. mesomelas)

|

Lycaon|

* African wild dog (L. pictus)

* Dhole (Cuon alpinus)

Canis|

* Golden jackal (C. aureus)
* Domestic dog (C. familiaris)
* Coyote (C. latrans)
* African wolf (C. lupaster)
* Wolf (C. lupus)
* Eastern wolf (C. lycaon)
* Red wolf (C. rufus)
* Ethiopian wolf (C. simensis)

Arctoidea

[[Bear|Ursidae Template:Normal]]

| Ailuropoda|

* Giant panda (A. melanoleuca)

|

Tremarctos|

* Spectacled bear (T. ornatus)

Ursinae|

* Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus)
* Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)

Ursus|

* American black bear (U. americanus)
* Asian black bear (U. thibetanus)
* Brown bear (U. arctos)
* Polar bear (U. maritimus)

| Mustelida|

| [[Pinniped|Pinnipedia Template:Normal]]|

*     * see below↓

|

Musteloidea|

*     * see below↓

[[Pinniped|Pinnipedia Template:Normal]]

| Odobenidae|

* Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)

|

[[Eared seal|Otariidae Template:Normal]]

| Callorhinus
Template:Normal|

* Northern fur seal (C. ursinus)

|

Otariinae
Template:Normal|

* Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus)

Zalophus|

* California sea lion (Z. californianus)
* Galápagos sea lion (Z. wollebaeki)

* South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)

Neophoca|

* Australian sea lion (N. cinerea)

* New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri)

Arctocephalus
Template:Normal|

* South American fur seal (A. australis)
* Australasian fur seal (A. forsteri)
* Galápagos fur seal (A. galapagoensis)
* Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella)
* Juan Fernández fur seal (A. philippii)
* Brown fur seal (A. pusillus)
* Guadalupe fur seal (A. townsendi)
* Subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis)

[[Earless seal|Phocidae Template:Normal]]

[[Phocinae|Phocinae
Template:Normal]]

* Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus)
* Hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)

Phocini

* Harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus)
* Ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata)
* Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)

Phoca|

* Spotted seal (P. largha)
* Harbor seal (P. vitulina)

Pusa|

* Caspian seal (P. caspica)
* Ringed seal (P. hispida)
* Baikal seal (P. sibirica)

[[Monachinae|Monachinae
Template:Normal]]

| [[Monk seal|Monachini
Template:Normal]]|

* Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus)

Neomonachus|

* Hawaiian monk seal (N. schauinslandi)

[[Elephant seal|Mirounga
Template:Normal]]|

* Northern elephant seal (M. angustirostris)
* Southern elephant seal (M. leonina)

[[Lobodontini|Lobodontini
Template:Normal]]|

* Leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx)
* Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)
* Crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus)
* Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossi)

Musteloidea

| Ailuridae|

* Red panda (Ailurus fulgens)

|

Mephitidae (skunks)

| [[Hog-nosed skunk|Conepatus
Template:Normal]]|

* Molina's hog-nosed skunk (C. chinga)
* Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (C. humboldtii)
* American hog-nosed skunk (C. leuconotus)
* Striped hog-nosed skunk (C. semistriatus)

|

Mephitis|

* Hooded skunk (M. macroura)
* Striped skunk (M. mephitis)

[[Stink badger|Mydaus
Template:Normal]]|

* Sunda stink badger (M. javanensis)
* Palawan stink badger (M. marchei)

[[Spotted skunk|Spilogale
Template:Normal]]|

* Southern spotted skunk (S. angustifrons)
* Western spotted skunk (S. gracilis)
* Eastern spotted skunk (S. putorius)
* Pygmy spotted skunk (S. pygmaea)

Procyonidae

* Kinkajou (Potos flavus)

Bassariscus|

* Ringtail (B. astutus)
* Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)

[[Procyon (genus)|Procyon
Template:Normal]]|

* Crab-eating raccoon (P. cancrivorus)
* Raccoon (P. lotor)
* Cozumel raccoon (P. pygmaeus)

[[Bassaricyon|Bassaricyon
Template:Normal]]|

* Eastern lowland olingo (B. alleni)
* Northern olingo (B. gabbii)
* Western lowland olingo (B. medius)
* Olinguito (B. neblina)

[[Coati|Nasuina
Template:Normal]]|

| Nasua|

* White-nosed coati (N. narica)
* South American coati (N. nasua)

|

[[Nasuella|Nasuella
Template:Normal]]|

* Eastern mountain coati (N. meridensis)
* Western mountain coati (N. olivacea)

| Mustelidae|

*     * see below↓

|

Mustelidae

Mustelidae

* American badger (Taxidea taxus)

Mellivora|

* Honey badger (M. capensis)

Melinae

| [[Hog badger|Arctonyx
Template:Normal]]|

* Northern hog badger (A. albogularis)
* Greater hog badger (A. collaris)
* Sumatran hog badger (A. hoevenii)

|

[[Meles (genus)|Meles
Template:Normal]]|

* Japanese badger (M. anakuma)
* Caucasian badger (M. canescens)
* Asian badger (M. leucurus)
* European badger (M. meles)

[[Ferret-badger|Melogale
Template:Normal]]|

* Vietnam ferret-badger (M. cucphuongensis)
* Bornean ferret badger (M. everetti)
* Chinese ferret-badger (M. moschata)
* Javan ferret-badger (M. orientalis)
* Burmese ferret-badger (M. personata)
* Formosan ferret-badger (M. subaurantiaca)

Guloninae

* Tayra (Eira barbara)

Pekania|

* Fisher (P. pennanti)

Gulo|

* Wolverine (G. gulo)

[[Marten|Martes
Template:Normal]]|

* American marten (M. americana)
* Pacific marten (M. caurina)
* Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula)
* Beech marten (M. foina)
* Nilgiri marten (M. gwatkinsii)
* European pine marten (M. martes)
* Japanese marten (M. melampus)
* Sable (M. zibellina)

Ictonychinae

| Lyncodontini|

* Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus)

[[Galictis|Galictis
Template:Normal]]|

* Lesser grison (G. cuja)
* Greater grison (G. vittata)

[[Ictonychini|Ictonychini
Template:Normal]]|

| Vormela|

* Marbled polecat (V. peregusna)

|

* African striped weasel (Poecilogale albinucha)

Ictonyx|

* Saharan striped polecat (I. libycus)
* Striped polecat (I. striatus)

[[Otter|Lutrinae Template:Normal]]

* Giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)

Lontra|

* North American river otter (L. canadensis)
* Marine otter (L. felina)
* Neotropical otter (L. longicaudis)
* Southern river otter (L. provocax)

Enhydra|

* Sea otter (E. lutris)

* Spotted-necked otter (Hydrictis maculicollis)

Lutra|

* Eurasian otter (L. lutra)
* Hairy-nosed otter (L. sumatrana)

Lutrogale|

* Smooth-coated otter (L. perspicillata)

Aonyx|

* African clawless otter (A. capensis)
* Asian small-clawed otter (A. cinereus)
* Congo clawless otter (A. congicus)

Mustelinae

| [[Neogale|Neogale
Template:Normal]]|

* Amazon weasel (N. africana)
* Colombian weasel (N. felipei)
* Long-tailed weasel (N. frenata)
* American mink (N. vison)

|

[[Weasel|Mustela
Template:Normal]]

| Template:Normal Mustela
Template:Normal|

* Sichuan weasel (M. aistoodonnivalis)
* Mountain weasel (M. altaica)
* Stoat/Beringian ermine (M. erminea)
* Haida ermine (M. haidarum)
* Yellow-bellied weasel (M. kathiah)
* Least weasel (M. nivalis)
* American ermine (M. richardsonii)

|

Template:Normal Lutreola
Template:Normal|

* Japanese weasel (M. itatsi)
* European mink (M. lutreola)
* Indonesian mountain weasel (M. lutreolina)
* Malayan weasel (M. nudipes)
* Siberian weasel (M. sibirica)
* Back-striped weasel (M. strigidorsa)

Template:Normal Putorius|

* Steppe polecat (M. eversmannii)
* Ferret (M. furo)
* Black-footed ferret (M. nigripes)
* European polecat (M. putorius)

* See also: Mink
* Polecat

Wikidata ☰ Q26046 entry

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European pine marten. Read more

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