Fictive behavior

Short description: Process for physiological experiments

In fictive behavior, researchers silence an organism's sensory input and/or motor output for physiological experiments.

## Processes

A fictive preparation of the nervous system is achieved by surgical removal or chemical fixation, to observe behavior in response to experimental stimuli.[1][2] Fixation allows for observation of target areas without interference from undesired neural signals or behavioral movement, which leads to more precise data collection. However, fictive behavior does not entirely resemble in vivo behavior because the true system has been altered. In some cases, surgery or measurement devices lessen the intensity of cellular signals.[1][3] The goal of measuring localized behavior is to discover and or understand the circuitry further. The type of neural circuitry that is most commonly observed with fictive behavior are those that underlie rhythmic-behavior patterns.[4][1][5]

Here is an example of how fictive feeding behavior is observed in a great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis). The lip and tentacle areas are bisected and isolated, by removing all other peripheral nerves, but the lip/tentacle and buccal nerves remain connected to the cerebral ganglia. Now establishing the buccal nerve pathway as the only way for signals to pass back and forth to the cerebral ganglia, sucrose (the food stimuli) is introduced to the lip and tentacle areas while intracellular recordings are taken simultaneously. The recordings take place in a saline solution that keeps the system viable for the duration of the experiment.[5]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Marder, Eve; Bucher, Dirk (2001). "Central pattern generators and the control of rhythmic movements". Current Biology 11 (23): R986–R996. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00581-4. PMID 11728329. Bibcode: 2001CBio...11.R986M.
2. ↑ Remmers, J.; Gdovin, M.; Torgerson, C. (January 1997). "Ontogeny of central chemoreception during fictive gill and lung ventilation in an in vitro brainstem preparation of Rana catesbeiana". Journal of Experimental Biology 200 (15): 2063–2072. doi:10.1242/jeb.200.15.2063. PMID 9319973. http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9319973.
3. ↑ Dale, N. (1995). "Experimentally derived model for the locomotor pattern generator in the Xenopus embryo". The Journal of Physiology 489 (2): 489–510. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp021067. PMID 8847642.
4. ↑ Delvolvé, Isabelle; Branchereau, Pascal; Dubuc, Réjean; Cabelguen, Jean-Marie (1999). "Fictive Rhythmic Motor Patterns Induced by NMDA in an In Vitro Brain Stem–Spinal Cord Preparation From an Adult Urodele". Journal of Neurophysiology 82 (2): 1074–1077. doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.1074. PMID 10444700.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Elphick, MR; Kemenes, G.; Staras, K.; O'Shea, M. (1995). "Behavioral role for nitric oxide in chemosensory activation of feeding in a mollusc". The Journal of Neuroscience 15 (11): 7653–7664. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-11-07653.1995. PMID 7472516.

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Neuroethology

Concepts|

* Feedforward
* Coincidence detector
* Umwelt
* Instinct
* Feature detection
* Central pattern generator (CPG)
* NMDA receptor
* Lateral inhibition
* Fixed action pattern
* Krogh's Principle
* Hebbian theory
* Anti-Hebbian learning
* Sound localization
* Ultrasound avoidance in insects

People|

* Theodore Holmes Bullock
* Walter Heiligenberg
* Niko Tinbergen
* Konrad Lorenz
* Donald Griffin
* Donald Kennedy
* Karl von Frisch
* Erich von Holst
* Jörg-Peter Ewert
* Franz Huber
* Bernhard Hassenstein
* Werner E. Reichardt
* Eric Knudsen
* Eric Kandel
* Nobuo Suga
* Masakazu Konishi
* Fernando Nottebohm

Methods|

* Patch clamp
* Slice preparation

Systems|

* Animal echolocation
* Waggle dance
* Jamming avoidance response
* Vision in toads
* Frog hearing and communication
* Infrared sensing in snakes
* Caridoid escape reaction
* Vocal learning
* Surface wave detection
* Electroreception
* Mechanoreception

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