List of birds by population

Short description: None

This is a list of bird species by global population, divided by bird classification. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology. Contributing organizations include the IUCN, BirdLife International, and Partners in Flight.

The average global population of all mature birds is estimated to be somewhat less than 90 billion (actually, somewhere between 40 and 130 billion; this too is a rough estimate). The total population including younglings is somewhat higher during the breeding season of each species.[1]

This list is incomplete, because experts have not estimated all bird numbers. For example, the spectacled flowerpecker was only discovered in 2010, and did not receive its scientific name (Dicaeum dayakorum) until 2019,[2] adding to the other 73 new bird species described by ornithologists from 2000 – 2009.[3][4][5] Global population estimates for many of these at this time would lack accuracy.

All numbers are estimates, because they are taken by observation, and a given number of 50 slender-billed curlews does not necessarily mean there are 10 more of this species than the black stilt, which has been estimated at 40: there is a possibility that the latter species has a larger population than the former.[6][7] This list should not be taken that literally. An estimate of 250 shore dotterels compared with 4,500 – 5,000 wrybills, on the other hand, means that the latter has well over one order of magnitude more individuals than the former.[8][9] The wrybill only has approximately one tenth the population of great skuas (48,000), which are outnumbered ~10:1 by the pigeon guillemot (470,000).[10][11] It is these large differences between species that this list tries to convey.

## Contents

* 1 By taxonomy
* 2 See also
* 3 Notes
* 4 References

## By taxonomy

List by taxonomic order | Birds included  | # of quantified species / # of total species (%)1 | Example of less common species  | Example of more common species  |

|
|
|
|
|

Accipitriformes | Hawks, eagles, kites.  | 178 / 251

(70%)

|  |  |  |  |
Anseriformes | Waterfowl: ducks, geese, swans, teals. | 125 / 170 (75%) | Laysan duck (CR) |  | Mallard (LC) |  |
Pop: 521[12] | Pop: > 17,000,000[13] |
Apterygiformes | Kiwis.  | 6 / 59 (55%)  | Little spotted kiwi (NT)  |  | Southern brown kiwi (VU)  |  |
Pop: > 1,200[14] | Pop: 29,800[15] |
Bucerotiformes | Hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes, wood hoopoes.  | 13 / 72

(18%)

|  |  |  |  |
Caprimulgiformes | Nightjars, nighthawks, potoos, hummingbirds, swifts. | 34 / 601 (27%) | Puerto Rican nightjar (EN) |  | Chimney swift (NT) |  |
Pop: 1,400 – 2,000[16] | Pop: 15,000,000[17] |
Cariamiformes | Seriemas.  | 0 / 2

(0%)

|  |  |  |  |
Cathartiformes | Vultures, condors  | 4 / 7

(57%)

|  |  |  |  |
Casuariiformes | Cassowaries, emus.  | 3 / 4

(75%)

|  |  |  |  |
Charadriiformes | Waders, gulls, auks. | 268 / 379 (76%) | Shore dotterel (EN) |  | Thick-billed murre (LC) |  |
Pop: 250[8] | Pop: > 22,000,000[18] |
Ciconiiformes | Storks, herons, egrets, ibises, spoonbills. | 14 / 20 (70%) | Storm's stork (EN) |  | White stork (LC) |  |
Pop: 400 – 500[19] | Pop: 700,000-704,000[20] |
Coliiformes | Mousebirds.  | 0 / 6

(0%)

|  |  |  |  |
Columbiformes | Doves, pigeons. | 94 / 353 (29%) | Socorro dove (EW) |  | Rock dove (LC) |  |
Pop: 100[21] | Pop: 260,000,000[22] |
Coraciiformes | Kingfishers, hornbills, motmots, bee-eaters. | 38 / 187 (17%) | Narcondam hornbill (EN) |  | Rainbow bee-eater (LC) |  |
Pop: 320 – 340[23] | Pop: > 1,000,000[24] |
Cuculiformes | Cuckoos. | 22 / 151 (13%) | Black-hooded coucal (CR) |  | Common cuckoo (LC) |  |
Pop: 70[25] | Pop: 25,000,000 – 100,000,000[26] |
Eurypygiformes | Kagus, sunbittern.  | 2 / 2

(100%)

|  |  |  |  |
Falconiformes | Diurnal birds of prey. | 34 / 64 (53%) | Madagascar fish eagle (CR) |  | Common kestrel (LC) |  |
Pop: 360[27] | Pop: > 5,000,000[28] |
Galbuliformes | Puffbirds, jacamars.  | ? / 55

(0%)

|  |  |  |  |
Galliformes | Gamebirds. | 121 / 308 (42%) | Bornean peacock-pheasant (EN) |  | Willow ptarmigan (LC) |  |
Pop: 1,000 – 2,499[29] | Pop: > 40,000,000[30] |
Gaviiformes | Loons. | 5 / 5 (100%) | Yellow-billed loon (NT) |  | Pacific loon (LC) |  |
Pop: 16,000 – 32,000[31] | Pop: 930,000 – 1,600,000[32] |
Gruiformes | Cranes, crakes, rails. | 92 / 169 (45%) | Lord Howe woodhen (EN) |  | American coot (LC) |  |
Pop: 220 – 230[33] | Pop: 6,000,000[34] |
Leptosomiformes | Cuckoo-roller.  | 0 / 1

(0%)

|  |  |  |  |
Mesitornithiformes | Mesites.  | 0 / 3

(0%)

|  |  |  |  |
Musophagiformes | Turacos.  | 3 / 24

(13%)

|  |  |  |  |
Opisthocomiformes | Hoatzin.  | 0 / 1

(0%)

|  |  |  |  |
Otidiformes | Bustards, floricans, korhaans.  | 10 / 26

(38%)

|  |  |  |  |
Passeriformes | New Zealand wrens, suboscines, oscines, songbirds.  | 55 / 6685

(0.8%)

|  |  |  |  |
Pelecaniformes | Ibises, spoonbills, herons, egrets, bitterns, shoebills, hamerkops, pelicans. | 36 / 110 (55%) | Flightless cormorant (VU) |  | Red-footed booby (LC) |  |
Pop: 1,679[35] | Pop: > 1,000,000[36] |
Phaethontiformes | Tropicbirds.  | 0 / 3

(0%)

|  |  |  |  |
Phoenicopteriformes | Flamingos. | 6 / 6 (100%) | Andean flamingo (VU) |  | Lesser flamingo (NT) |  |
Pop: 38,000[37] | Pop: 2,220,000 – 3,240,000[38] |
Piciformes | Woodpeckers, toucans, barbets. | 43 / 485 (10%) | Ivory-billed woodpecker (CR) |  | Great spotted woodpecker (LC) |  |
Pop: 0 – 50[39] | Pop: 73,500,000 – 216,000,000[40]2 |
Podicipediformes | Grebes. | 11 / 20 (58%) | New Zealand grebe (VU) |  | Black-necked grebe (LC) |  |
Pop: 1,900 – 2,000[41] | Pop: 3,900,000 – 4,200,000[42] |
Pterocliformes | Sandgrouse.  | 0 / 16

(0%)

|  |  |  |  |
Procellariiformes | Albatrosses petrels. | 116 / 145 (90%) | New Zealand storm petrel (CR) |  | Short-tailed shearwater (LC) |  |
Pop: < 50[43] | Pop: > 23,000,000[44] |
Psittaciformes | Parrots, cockatoos, macaws. | 134 / 405 (38%) | Kākāpō (CR) |  | Red-tailed black cockatoo (LC) |  |
Pop: 210[45] | Pop: > 100,000[46] |
Rheiformes | Rheas.  | 2 / 2

(100%)

|  |  |  |  |
Sphenisciformes | Penguins. | 16 / 18 (89%) | Galapagos penguin (EN) |  | Macaroni penguin (VU) |  |
Pop: 1,800[47] | Pop: 18,000,000[48]3 |
Strigiformes | Owls. | 72 / 239 (37%) | Forest owlet (CR) |  | Short-eared owl (LC) |  |
Pop: 70 – 400[49] | Pop: > 2,000,000[50] |
Struthionidae | Ostritches.  | 2 / 2

(100%)

|  |  |  |  |
Suliformes | Boobies, frigate birds, gannets, cormorants.  | ? / 153

(0%)

|  |  |  |  |
Tinamiformes | Tinamous. | 9 / 47 (19%) | Slaty-breasted tinamou (LC) |  | Little tinamou (LC) |  |
Pop: 20,000 – 49 999[51] | Pop: 500,000 – 4,999,999[52] |
Trogoniformes | Trogons, quetzals. | 9 / 43 (20%) | Javan trogon (EN) |  | Collared trogon (LC) |  |
Pop: 350 – 1,500[53] | Pop: 5,000,000 – 50,000,000[54] |

## See also

* Lists of mammals by population
* Lists of organisms by population

## Notes

1.^ Amount of quantified species contained in the list as of the "Retrieved" date in the corresponding citation. The amount of species in each order is according to the IUCN and BirdLife International; bird taxonomy is currently in flux and these figures may soon change.
2.^ Preliminary estimate.
3.^ Mature only.

## References

1. ↑ Gaston, K. J., Blackburn, T. M., & Goldewijk, K. K. (2003). Habitat conversion and global avian biodiversity loss. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1521), 1293-1300.
2. ↑ Saucier, Jacob R.; Milensky, Christopher M.; Caraballo-Ortiz, Marcos A.; Ragai, Roslina; Dahlan, N. Faridah; Edwards, David P. (2019-10-17). "A distinctive new species of flowerpecker (Passeriformes: Dicaeidae) from Borneo". Zootaxa. 4686 (4): 451–464. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4686.4.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
3. ↑ Reuters. "Spectacled flowerpecker" bird found in Borneo, scientificamerican.com, 13 January 2010, accessed on 15 January 2010.
4. ↑ Walton, Doreen, science reporter. New bird species found in rainforests of Borneo, BBC News, news.bbc.co.uk, 14 January 2010, accessed on 15 January 2010.
5. ↑ Pennak, Sara (18 January 2012). "State of observed species: A decade of species discovery in review" (PDF). Arizona State University: International Institute for Species Exploration. http://timgostony.com/iisetemp/RetroSOS__FINAL.pdf.
6. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Himantopus novaezelandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22693690A129560535. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22693690A129560535.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693690/129560535. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
7. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Numenius tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22693185A131111201. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22693185A131111201.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693185/131111201. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 BirdLife International (2016). "Thinornis novaeseelandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693899A93429618. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693899A93429618.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693899/93429618. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
9. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Anarhynchus frontalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22693928A131876706. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22693928A131876706.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693928/131876706. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
10. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Stercorarius skua". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003195/0. Retrieved 2012-12-09. old-form url[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
11. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Cepphus columba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694864A132578338. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694864A132578338.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22694864/132578338. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
12. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Anas laysanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680203A130697270. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680203A130697270.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680203/130697270. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
13. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Anas platyrhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22680186A155457360. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22680186A155457360.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680186/155457360. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
14. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Apteryx owenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22678129A92756395. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678129A92756395.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678129/92756395. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
15. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Apteryx australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22678122A155418586. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22678122A155418586.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678122/155418586. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
16. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Caprimulgus noctitherus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106002386/0. Retrieved 2012-12-05. old-form url
17. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Chaetura pelagica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22686709A131792415. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22686709A131792415.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22686709/131792415. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
18. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Uria lomvia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22694847A132066134. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694847A132066134.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22694847/132066134. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
19. ↑ BirdLife International (2017). "Ciconia stormi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22697685A110066434. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22697685A110066434.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697685/110066434. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
20. ↑ IUCN (2016-10-01). "Ciconia ciconia: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22697691A86248677" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697691a86248677.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697691/86248677. old-form url, |date= / |doi= mismatch
21. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Zenaida graysoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22690740A178409463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22690740A178409463.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22690740/178409463. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
22. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Columba livia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22690066A155493121. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22690066A155493121.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22690066/155493121. Retrieved 20 November 2021. |date= / |doi= mismatch
23. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Aceros narcondami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/100600970/0. Retrieved 2012-11-28. old-form url
24. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Merops ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22683753A92998888. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683753A92998888.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22683753/92998888. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
25. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Tauraco fischeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22688327A93192788. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688327A93192788.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22688327/93192788. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
26. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Cuculus canorus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22683873A155496731. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683873A155496731.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22683873/155496731. Retrieved 20 November 2021. |date= / |doi= mismatch
27. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Eutriorchis astur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22695336A93503165. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22695336A93503165.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22695336/93503165. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
28. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Falco tinnunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22696362A93556429. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696362A93556429.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696362/93556429. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
29. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Polyplectron schleiermacheri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679393A84694321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679393A84694321.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679393/84694321. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
30. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Lagopus lagopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22679460A89520690. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679460A89520690.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679460/89520690. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
31. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Gavia adamsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697847A132607949. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697847A132607949.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697847/132607949. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
32. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Gavia pacifica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697839A132607134. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697839A132607134.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697839/132607134. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
33. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Gallirallus sylvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106002850/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. old-form url
34. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Fulica americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T62169677A95190980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T62169677A95190980.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/62169677/95190980. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
35. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Phalacrocorax harrisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003671/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. old-form url
36. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Sula sula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696694A132589278. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696694A132589278.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696694/132589278. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
37. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Phoenicoparrus andinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22697387A182422217. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697387A182422217.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697387/182422217. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
38. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Phoeniconaias minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22697369A129912906. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697369A129912906.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697369/129912906. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
39. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Campephilus principalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22681425A182588014. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22681425A182588014.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22681425/182588014. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
40. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Dendrocopos major". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22681124A87323054. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681124A87323054.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22681124/87323054. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
41. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Poliocephalus rufopectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22696592A93572730. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696592A93572730.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696592/93572730. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
42. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Podiceps nigricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22696610A132584321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696610A132584321.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22696610/132584321. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
43. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Oceanites maorianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/160030105/0. Retrieved 2012-12-14. old-form url
44. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Puffinus tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106003934/0. Retrieved 2012-12-17. old-form url
45. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Strigops habroptila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22685245A129751169. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685245A129751169.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22685245/129751169. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
46. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Calyptorhynchus banksii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22684744A93044811. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22684744A93044811.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22684744/93044811. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
47. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Spheniscus mendiculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22697825A182729677. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697825A182729677.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697825/182729677. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
48. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Eudyptes chrysolophus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22697793A184720991. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697793A184720991.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697793/184720991. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
49. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Heteroglaux blewitti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106002289/0. Retrieved 2012-12-21. old-form url
50. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Asio flammeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22689531A93234548. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22689531A93234548.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22689531/93234548. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
51. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Crypturellus boucardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22678191A92760820. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678191A92760820.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678191/92760820. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
52. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Crypturellus soui". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22678169A95208453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678169A95208453.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678169/95208453. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
53. ↑ BirdLife International (2020). "Apalharpactes reinwardtii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22682824A178034431. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682824A178034431.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682824/178034431. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
54. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Trogon collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T61692251A95176245. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61692251A95176245.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61692251/95176245. Retrieved 20 November 2021.

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