Myeloid tissue

Short description: Tissue of bone marrow

Diagram showing the development of different blood cells from haematopoietic stem cell to mature cells Comprehensive diagram that shows the development of different blood cells from haematopoietic stem cell to mature cells in both myeloid and lymphoid lineages.

Myeloid tissue, in the bone marrow sense of the word myeloid (myelo- \+ -oid), is tissue of bone marrow, of bone marrow cell lineage, or resembling bone marrow, and myelogenous tissue (myelo- \+ -genous) is any tissue of, or arising from, bone marrow; in these senses the terms are usually used synonymously, as for example with chronic myeloid/myelogenous leukemia.

In hematopoiesis, myeloid cells, or myelogenous cells are blood cells that arise from a progenitor cell for granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, or platelets[1][2] (the common myeloid progenitor, that is, CMP or CFU-GEMM), or in a narrower sense also often used, specifically from the lineage of the myeloblast (the myelocytes, monocytes, and their daughter types). Thus, although all blood cells, even lymphocytes, are normally born in the bone marrow in adults, myeloid cells in the narrowest sense of the term can be distinguished from lymphoid cells, that is, lymphocytes, which come from common lymphoid progenitor cells that give rise to B cells and T cells.[2] Those cells' differentiation (that is, lymphopoiesis) is not complete until they migrate to lymphatic organs such as the spleen and thymus for programming by antigen challenge. Thus, among leukocytes, the term myeloid is associated with the innate immune system, in contrast to lymphoid, which is associated with the adaptive immune system. Similarly, myelogenous usually refers to nonlymphocytic white blood cells,[3] and erythroid can often be used to distinguish "erythrocyte-related" from that sense of myeloid and from lymphoid.[4]

The word myelopoiesis has several senses in a way that parallels those of myeloid, and myelopoiesis in the narrower sense is the regulated formation specifically of myeloid leukocytes (myelocytes), allowing that sense of myelopoiesis to be contradistinguished from erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis (even though all blood cells are normally produced in the marrow in adults).

Myeloid neoplasms always concern bone marrow cell lineage and are related to hematopoietic cells. Myeloid tissue can also be present in the liver and spleen[5] in fetuses, and sometimes even in adults as well, which leads to extramedullary hematopoiesis.

There is one other sense of myeloid that means "pertaining to the spinal cord", but it is much less commonly used. Myeloid should not be confused with myelin, referring to an insulating layer covering the axons of many neurons.

## See also

* Acute myeloid leukemia
* Chronic myelogenous leukemia
* Hematopoietic stem cell

## References

1. ↑ "Myeloid cells". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 36 (8): 1374–1379. 2004. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.01.020. PMID 15147715.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Hematopoiesis: an evolving paradigm for stem cell biology". Cell 132 (4): 631–644. 2008. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.025. PMID 18295580.
3. ↑ "Definition of Myelogenous". MedicineNet. August 28, 2013. http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4481.
4. ↑ "Lin28b reprograms adult bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors to mediate fetal-like lymphopoiesis". Science 335 (6073): 1195–1200. 2012. doi:10.1126/science.1216557. PMID 22345399.
5. ↑ Semester 4 medical lectures at Uppsala University 2008 by Leif Jansson

## External links

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Human systems and organs

Musculoskeletal |

| Skeletal system|

* Bone
* Carpus
* Collar bone (clavicle)
* Thigh bone (femur)
* Fibula
* Humerus
* Mandible
* Metacarpus
* Metatarsus
* Ossicles
* Patella
* Phalanges
* Radius
* Skull
* Tarsus
* Tibia
* Ulna
* Rib
* Vertebra
* Pelvis
* Sternum
* Cartilage

|

Joints|

* Fibrous joint
* Cartilaginous joint
* Synovial joint

Muscular system|

* Muscle
* Tendon
* Diaphragm

Circulatory system|

| Cardiovascular system|

* peripheral
* Artery
* Vein
* Lymphatic vessel
* Heart

|

Lymphatic system|

* primary
* Bone marrow
* Thymus
* secondary
* Spleen
* Lymph node
* CNS equivalent
* Glymphatic system

Nervous system|

*     * Brain
* Spinal cord
* Nerve
* Sensory system
* Ear
* Eye

Integumentary system|

* Skin
* Subcutaneous tissue
* Breast
* Mammary gland

Hematopoietic and immune systems|

* Myeloid
* Myeloid immune system
* Lymphoid
* Lymphoid immune system

Respiratory system|

* Upper
* Nose
* Nasopharynx
* Larynx
* Lower
* Trachea
* Bronchus
* Lung

Digestive system|

* Mouth
* Salivary gland
* Tongue
* Lips
* upper GI
* Oropharynx
* Laryngopharynx
* Esophagus
* Stomach
* lower GI
* Small intestine
* Appendix
* Colon
* Rectum
* Anus
* accessory
* Liver
* Biliary tract
* Pancreas

Urinary system|

* Genitourinary system
* Kidney
* Ureter
* Bladder
* Urethra

Reproductive system|

* Male
* Scrotum
* Penis
* Size
* Prostate
* Testicle
* Seminal vesicle
* Female
* Uterus
* Vagina
* Vulva
* Ovary
* Placenta

Endocrine system|

* Pituitary
* Pineal
* Thyroid
* Parathyroid
* Adrenal
* Islets of Langerhans

General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs

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Main cell types in blood

Myeloid|

| Granulocytes|

* CFU-G
* Band cell
* Neutrophil
* Basophil
* CFU-Baso
* Eosinophil
* CFU-Eos
* Mast cell
* CFU-Mast

|

Monocytes|

| Macrophages|

* Histiocytes
* Kupffer cells
* Alveolar macrophage
* Microglia
* Osteoclasts
* Epithelioid cells
* giant cells
* Langhans giant cells, Foreign-body giant cell
* Touton giant cells

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Other|

* Antigen presenting cells
* Dendritic cells
* Langerhans cell
* CFU-DL
* CFU-M
* MPS

Platelets|

* CFU-Meg
* Megakaryoblast
* Promegakaryocyte
* Megakaryocyte

Red blood cells|

* Reticulocyte
* Normoblast
* CFU-E

Other|

* Precursor cells
* CFU-GM
* Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell
* CFU-GEMM
* Myelomonocyte

Other|

* Plasma

* Hematopoietic system
* Hematopoietic stem cell

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