School shark

Short description: Species of shark

School shark

Temporal range: Late Eocene–recent

PreЄ

[1]

At the Aquarium of the Bay

Conservation status

Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[2]

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Chondrichthyes
Subclass:  | Elasmobranchii
Subdivision:  | Selachimorpha
Order:  | Carcharhiniformes
Family:  | Triakidae
Genus:  | Galeorhinus
Species:  |

G. galeus

Binomial name
Galeorhinus galeus

(Linnaeus, 1758)[3][4]

Synonyms

List

*     * Carcharhinus cyrano Whitley, 1930
* Eugaleus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Galeorhinus australis (Macleay, 1881)
* Galeorhinus chilensis (Pérez Canto, 1886)
* Galeorhinus vitaminicus de Buen, 1950
* Galeorhinus zyopterus Jordan & Gilbert, 1883
* Galeus australis Macleay, 1881
* Galeus canis Bonaparte, 1834
* Galeus chilensis Pérez Canto, 1886
* Galeus communis Owen, 1853
* Galeus linnei Malm, 1877
* Galeus molinae Philippi, 1887
* Galeus nilssoni Bonaparte, 1846
* Galeus vulgaris Fleming, 1828
* Galeus zyopterus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)
* Notogaleus australis (Macleay, 1881)
* Notogaleus rhinophanes (Péron, 1807)
* Squalus galeusLinnaeus, 1758
* Squalus rhinophanes Péron, 1807

The school shark (Galeorhinus galeus) is a houndshark of the family Triakidae, and the only living member of the genus Galeorhinus. Common names also include tope, tope shark, snapper shark, and soupfin shark. It is found worldwide in temperate seas at depths down to about 800 m (2,600 ft). It can grow to nearly 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long. It feeds both in midwater and near the seabed, and its reproduction is ovoviviparous. This shark is caught in fisheries for its flesh, its fins, and its liver, which has a very high vitamin A content. The IUCN has classified this species as critically endangered in its Red List of Threatened Species.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Taxonomy
* 2 Description
* 3 Genomics
* 4 Distribution
* 5 Behaviour
* 6 Human use
* 7 Conservation status
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## Taxonomy

Fossil teeth of the modern school shark from the Bahía Inglesa Formation of Chile

The school shark is the only extant member of Galeorhinus, an ancient genus that dates to at least the Early Eocene, when the very similar species G. cuvieri is known, and likely as far back as the mid-Cretaceous.[5][6]

Fossil teeth of the modern school shark date as far back as the mid-late Eocene, where they are known from the Castle Hayne Formation of North Carolina, US. Teeth of this species are also known from the Miocene of North Carolina, Panama and Chile (Bahia Inglesa Formation), and the Pliocene of Chile (Bahia Inglesa and Valparaíso), South Australia, and California, US.[1]

## Description

The school shark is a small, shallow-bodied shark with an elongated snout. The large mouth is crescent-shaped and the teeth are of a similar size and shape in both jaws. They are triangular-shaped, small, and flat, set at an oblique angle facing backward, serrated and with a notch. The spiracles are small. The first dorsal fin is triangular with a straight leading edge and is set just behind the pectoral fins. The second dorsal fin is about the same size as the anal fin and is set immediately above it. The terminal lobe of the caudal fin has a notch in it and is as long as the rest of the fin. School sharks are dark bluish grey on their upper (dorsal) surfaces and white on their bellies (ventral surface). Juveniles have black markings on their fins. Mature sharks range from 135 to 175 cm (53 to 69 in) for males and 150 to 195 cm (59 to 77 in) for females.[7][8]

* Head

* Jaws

* Upper teeth

* Lower teeth

## Genomics

Chromosome-level, haplotype-phased reference genome assemblies of Galeorhinus galeus were published in 2026, including assemblies from male and female individuals. The male genome assembly is approximately 4.81 Gb, and the female assembly is approximately 4.53 Gb. Both assemblies were more than 92% BUSCO complete and contained about 60–63% repetitive sequence. Genome annotation identified 25,471 genes, including 22,459 protein-coding genes. The assemblies were developed as resources for population management and conservation genomic studies of this Critically Endangered species.[9]

## Distribution

The school shark has a widespread distribution and is found mainly near the seabed around coasts in temperate waters, down to depths around 800 m (2,600 ft). It lives in water temperatures between 10–20 °C (50–68 °F).[10] It occurs in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, where it is uncommon and the Southwest Atlantic where it occurs between Patagonia and southern Brazil. It also occurs around the coast of Namibia and South Africa. It is present in the Northeast Pacific where it occurs between British Columbia and Baja California, and in the Southeast Pacific off Chile and Peru. It also occurs round the southern coasts of Australia, including Tasmania, and New Zealand.[2]

## Behaviour

A school shark off the coast of Portugal

The school shark is a migratory species. Animals tagged in the United Kingdom have been recovered in the Azores, the Canary Islands, and Iceland. Tagged individuals in Australia have travelled distances of 1,200 km (750 mi) along the coast and others have turned up in New Zealand.[2]

The school shark feeds primarily on fish. Examination of stomach contents of fish caught off California showed that they were opportunistic feeders, consuming whatever fish were most available. Their diet was predominantly sardines, midshipmen, flatfish, rockfish, and squid. Feeding is done both in open water and near the seabed as sardines and squid are pelagic animals, while the remainder are benthic species.[11] Uniquely, school sharks appear to show a special preference for barracudas, with barracudas forming a significant component of the diet of reef-dwelling school sharks. A fossil specimen of the closely related species G. cuvieri also contains the remains of a barracuda (Sphyraena bolcensis) in its stomach, suggesting that this predator-prey relationship between Galeorhinus and Sphyraena has lasted for at least 50 million years.[5]

The school shark is ovoviviparous; its eggs are fertilised internally and remain in the uterus where the developing foetus feeds on the large yolk sac. Males become mature at a length around 135 cm (53 in) and females around 150 cm (59 in). The age at which they reach maturity is 8-13 years old for males, and 11-18 years old for females.[10] The gestation period is about one year and the number of developing pups carried varies with the size of the mother, averaging between about 28 and 38.[11] Pups in the same litter may have different sires, possibly because females are able to store sperm for a long time after mating.[12] The females have traditional "pupping" areas in sheltered bays and estuaries where the young are born. The juvenile fish remain in these nursery areas when the adults move off to deeper waters.[2]

## Human use

Cazón en adobo

School sharks are a traditional Māori resource in New Zealand, where they are known by the Māori language name kapetā. Hapū would travel across Northland to special events in the Rangaunu Harbour, where for two days kapetā could be fished. The meat could be eaten fresh or preserved, and the oil from school shark livers was blended with botanicals and red ochre to create cosmetics.[13]

The meat of the school shark is consumed in Andalusian cuisine, where it is usually known as cazón. Among recipes are the traditional cazón en adobo in the mainland, and tollos in the Canary Islands. In Mexican cuisine, the term cazón refers to other species, and is prepared similarly. In the United Kingdom, the flesh is sometimes used in "fish and chips" as a substitute for the more usual cod or haddock.[14] In Greek cuisine, it is known as galéos (γαλέος) and is usually served with skordalia (σκορδαλιά), a dip made of mashed potatoes or wet white bread, with mashed garlic and olive oil.

Before 1937, the school shark was caught in California to supply a local market for shark fillet, and the fins were dried and sold in eastern Asia. Around that date, laboratory tests on its liver showed that it was higher in vitamin A content than any other fish tested.[11] Subsequent to this discovery, it became the subject of a much larger-scale fishery which developed as a result of the high prices obtainable for the fish and its liver. It became the main source of supply for vitamin A in the United States during World War II, but was overexploited, populations were reduced, and the numbers of fish caught dwindled. Its oil was replaced by a similar product from the spotted spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) and subsequently by lower-potency fish oils from Mexico and South America.[11]

The school shark, along with the gummy shark, is the most important species in the southern Australian commercial fishery.[12] It is fished throughout its range and heavily exploited.

## Conservation status

A school shark landed in Barmouth, Wales.

The IUCN lists the school shark as critically endangered in its Red List of Threatened Species. Although it is widely distributed, it is threatened by overexploitation in many parts of its range, where it is targeted for its liver oil, flesh, and fins. It is caught primarily by gillnets and longline fishing and to a lesser extent by trawling. Pups are sometimes caught inshore and some nursery areas are subject to siltation and their habitat may become degraded. Deep-sea cables and the magnetic field caused by the current flow may disrupt migration routes.[2]

In 2010, Greenpeace International added the school shark to its seafood red list.[15] In June 2018 the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the school shark as "Not Threatened" with the qualifiers "Conservation Dependent" and "Threatened Overseas" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.[16]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Höltke, Olaf; Maxwell, Erin E.; Rasser, Michael W. (2024). "A Review of the Paleobiology of Some Neogene Sharks and the Fossil Records of Extant Shark Species" (in en). Diversity 16 (3): 147. doi:10.3390/d16030147. ISSN 1424-2818. Bibcode: 2024Diver..16..147H.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Walker, T.I.; Rigby, C.L.; Pacoureau, N.; Ellis, J.; Kulka, D.W.; Chiaramonte, G.E.; Herman, K. (2020). "Galeorhinus galeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39352A2907336.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39352/2907336. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bailly, Nicolas (2013). "Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105820.
4. ↑ "Galeorhinus galeus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=160181.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Fanti, Federico; Minelli, Daniela; Larocca Conte, Gabriele; Miyashita, Tetsuto (2016-04-01). "An exceptionally preserved Eocene shark and the rise of modern predator–prey interactions in the coral reef food web" (in en). Zoological Letters 2 (1): 9. doi:10.1186/s40851-016-0045-4. ISSN 2056-306X. PMID 27042332.
6. ↑ Popov, E. V.; Lapkin, A. V. (2000). "A New Shark Species of the Genus Galeorhinus (Chondrichthyes, Triakidae) from the Cenomanian of the Lower Volga River Basin". Paleontological Journal 34 (4): 435–438. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260530315.
7. ↑ Jenkins, J. Travis (1958). The Fishes of the British Isles. Frederick Warne & Co.. pp. 308–309.
8. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). "Galeorhinus galeus " in FishBase. April 2013 version.
9. ↑ de Jong, Emma; Devloo-Delva, Floriaan; Anstiss, Liam; Deagle, Bruce; Doran, Adrianne; Feutry, Pierre; Huet, Lauren; Ollerhead, Katherine et al. (11 May 2026). "Chromosome-level assembly of the Critically Endangered school shark, Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Scientific Data. doi:10.1038/s41597-026-07284-2. PMID 42115671.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Ebert, David A.; Dando, Marc (2021). Field Guide to Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras of Europe and the Mediterranean. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 315. ISBN 978-0-691-20598-4.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "Fish Bulletin No. 64. The Biology of the Soupfin Galeorhinus zyopterus and Biochemical Studies of the Liver". Repositories.cdlib.org. 15 April 1946. http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/lib/fb/64/.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Bray, Dianne. "School Shark, Galeorhinus galeus". https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1960#summary.
13. ↑ , Wikidata Q114871191
14. ↑ "Can shark meat be used as food for humans?". NOAA: Northeast Fisheries Science Center. 2011-06-16. http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/faq/fishfaq1d.html.
15. ↑ "Greenpeace International Seafood Red list". Greenpeace International. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/seafood/red-list-of-species/.
16. ↑ Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018). Conservation status of New Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. pp. 10. ISBN 978-1-988514-62-8. OCLC 1042901090. https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs23entire.pdf.

## External links

* "Tope. A small European shark". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.

* v
* t
* e

Extant shark species

* Kingdom Animalia
* Phylum Chordata
* Subphylum Vertebrata
* Class Chondrichthyes
* Subclass Elasmobranchii
* Division Selachii

Order Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)

| Hemigaleidae
(Weasel sharks)|

| Hemipristis|

* Snaggletooth shark (H. elongata)

|

Chaenogaleus|

* Hooktooth shark (C. macrostoma)

Hemigaleus|

* Australian weasel shark (H. australiensis)
* Sicklefin weasel shark (H. microstoma)

Paragaleus|

* Whitetip weasel shark (P. leucolomatus)
* Atlantic weasel shark (P. pectoralis)
* Slender weasel shark (P. randalli)
* Straight-tooth weasel shark (P. tengi)

Leptochariidae|

| Leptocharias|

* Barbeled houndshark (L. smithii)

|

Proscylliidae
(Finback sharks)|

| Ctenacis|

* Harlequin catshark (C. fehlmanni)

|

Eridacnis|

* Cuban ribbontail catshark (E. barbouri)
* Pygmy ribbontail catshark (E. radcliffei)
* African ribbontail catshark (E. sinuans)

Proscyllium|

* Graceful catshark (P. habereri)
* P. venustum

Pseudotriakidae|

| Gollum|

* Slender smooth-hound (G. attenuatus)

|

Pseudotriakis|

* False catshark (P. microdon)

Sphyrnidae
(Hammerhead sharks)|

| Eusphyra|

* Winghead shark (E. blochii)

|

Sphyrna|

* Scalloped bonnethead (S. corona)
* Whitefin hammerhead (S. couardi)
* Scalloped hammerhead (S. lewini)
* Scoophead (S. media)
* Great hammerhead (S. mokarran)
* Bonnethead (S. tiburo)
* Smalleye hammerhead (S. tudes)
* Smooth hammerhead (S. zygaena)

Triakidae
(Houndsharks)|

| Furgaleus|

* Whiskery shark (F. macki)

|

Galeorhinus|

* School shark (G. galeus)

Gogolia|

* Sailback houndshark (G. filewoodi)

Hemitriakis|

* Deepwater sicklefin hound shark (H. abdita)
* Sicklefin hound shark (H. falcata)
* Japanese topeshark (H. japanica)
* Whitefin topeshark (H. leucoperiptera)
* Ocellate topeshark (Hemitriakis Sp.A)

Hypogaleus|

* Blacktip tope (H. hyugaensis)

Iago|

* Longnose houndshark (I. garricki)
* Bigeye houndshark (I. omanensis)
* Lowfin houndshark (Iago Sp.A)

Mustelus
(Smooth-hounds)|

* M. albipinnis
* Gummy shark (M. antarcticus)
* Starry smooth-hound (M. asterias)
* Gray smooth-hound (M. californicus)
* Dusky smooth-hound (M. canis)
* Sharptooth smooth-hound (M. dorsalis)
* Striped smooth-hound (M. fasciatus)
* Spotless smooth-hound (M. griseus)
* Brown smooth-hound (M. henlei)
* Smalleye smooth-hound (M. higmani)
* Spotted estuary smooth-hound (M. lenticulatus)
* Sicklefin smooth-hound (M. lunulatus)
* Starspotted smooth-hound (M. manazo)
* Speckled smooth-hound (M. mento)
* M. minicanis
* Arabian smooth-hound (M. mosis)
* Common smooth-hound (M. mustelus)
* Narrowfin smooth-hound (M. norrisi)
* Whitespotted smooth-hound (M. palumbes)
* Blackspotted smooth-hound (M. punctulatus)
* M. ravidus
* Narrownose smooth-hound (M. schmitti)
* Gulf smoothhound (M. sinusmexicanus)
* Humpback smooth-hound (M. whitneyi)
* M. widodoi

Scylliogaleus|

* Flapnose houndshark (S. quecketti)

Triakis|

* Sharpfin houndshark (T. acutipinna)
* Spotted houndshark (T. maculata)
* Sharptooth houndshark (T. megalopterus)
* Banded houndshark (T. scyllium)
* Leopard shark (T. semifasciata)

Carcharhinidae|

* Large family listed below

Scyliorhinidae|

* Large family listed below

Family Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)

| Carcharhinus|

* Blacknose shark (C. acronotus)
* Silvertip shark (C. albimarginatus)
* Bignose shark (C. altimus)
* Graceful shark (C. amblyrhynchoides)
* Grey reef shark (C. amblyrhynchos)
* Pigeye shark (C. amboinensis)
* Borneo shark (C. borneensis)
* Copper shark (C. brachyurus)
* Spinner shark (C. brevipinna)
* Nervous shark (C. cautus)
* Whitecheek shark (C. dussumieri)
* Silky shark (C. falciformis)
* Creek whaler (C. fitzroyensis)
* Galapagos shark (C. galapagenisis)
* Pondicherry shark (C. hemiodon)
* Finetooth shark (C. isodon)
* Smoothtooth blacktip shark (C. leiodon)
* Bull shark (C. leucas)
* Blacktip shark (C. limbatus)
* Oceanic whitetip shark (C. longimanus)
* Hardnose shark (C. macloti)
* Blacktip reef shark (C. melanopterus)
* Dusky shark (C. obscurus)
* Caribbean reef shark (C. perezii)
* Sandbar shark (C. plumbeus)
* Smalltail shark (C. porosus)
* Blackspot shark (C. sealei)
* Night shark (C. signatus)
* Spottail shark (C. sorrah)
* Australian blacktip shark (C. tilstoni)

|

Galeocerdo|

* Tiger shark (G. cuvier)

Glyphis
(River sharks)|

* Ganges shark (G. gangeticus)
* Northern river shark (G. garricki)
* Speartooth shark (G. glyphis)
* Irrawaddy river shark (G. siamensis)
* Borneo river shark (Glyphis sp. B)

Isogomphodon|

* Daggernose shark (I. oxyrhynchus)

Lamiopsis|

* Broadfin shark (L. temminckii)

Loxodon|

* Sliteye shark (L. macrorhinus)

Nasolamia|

* Whitenose shark (N. velox)

Negaprion|

* Sicklefin lemon shark (N. acutidens)
* Lemon shark (N. brevirostris)

Prionace|

* Blue shark (P. glauca)

Rhizoprionodon|

* Milk shark (R. acutus)
* Brazilian sharpnose shark (R. lalandii)
* Pacific sharpnose shark (R. longurio)
* Grey sharpnose shark (R. oligolinx)
* Caribbean sharpnose shark (R. porosus)
* Australian sharpnose shark (R. taylori)
* Atlantic sharpnose shark (R. terraenovae)

Scoliodon|

* Spadenose shark (S. laticaudus)

Triaenodon|

* Whitetip reef shark (T. obesus)

Family Scyliorhinidae (Catsharks)

| Apristurus|

* Flatnose cat shark (A. acanutus)
* A. albisoma
* A. aphyodes
* Atlantic ghost catshark (A. atlanticus)
* Brown catshark (A. brunneus)
* Hoary catshark (A. canutus)
* Flaccid catshark (A. exsanguis)
* A. fedorovi
* Humpback cat shark (A. gibbosus)
* Longfin catshark (A. herklotsi)
* Smallbelly catshark (A. indicus)
* A. internatus
* Broadnose catshark (A. investigatoris)
* Japanese catshark (A. japonicus)
* Longnose catshark (A. kampae)
* Iceland catshark (A. laurussonii)
* Longhead catshark (A. longicephalus)
* Flathead catshark (A. macrorhynchus)
* Broadmouth cat shark (A. macrostomus)
* Ghost catshark (A. manis)
* Black roughscale catshark (A. melanoasper)
* Smalleye catshark (A. microps)
* Smalldorsal cat shark (A. micropterygeus)
* Largenose catshark (A. nasutus)
* Smallfin catshark (A. parvipinnis)
* A. pinguis
* Spatulasnout catshark (A. platyrhynchus)
* Deepwater catshark (A. profundorum)
* Broadgill catshark (A. riveri)
* Saldanha catshark (A. saldanha)
* Pale catshark (A. sibogae)
* South China catshark (A. sinensis)
* Spongehead catshark (A. spongiceps)
* Panama ghost catshark (A. stenseni)

|

Asymbolus|

* Australian spotted catshark (A. analis)
* A. funebris
* Western spotted catshark (A. occiduus)
* Pale spotted catshark (A. pallidus)
* A. parvus
* A. rubiginosus
* Variegated catshark (A. submaculatus)
* Gulf catshark (A. vincenti)

Atelomycterus|

* A. baliensis
* Banded sand catshark (A. fasciatus)
* Australian marbled catshark (A. macleayi)
* Coral catshark (A. marmoratus)

Aulohalaelurus|

* New Caledonia catshark (A. kanakorum)
* Australian blackspotted catshark (A. labiosus)

Cephaloscyllium|

* Whitefin swellshark (C. albipinnum)
* Circle-blotch pygmy swellshark (C. circulopullum)
* Cook's swellshark (C. cooki)
* Reticulated swellshark (C. fasciatum)
* Formosa swellshark (C. formosanum)
* Australian reticulate swellshark (C. hicosellum)
* Draughtsboard shark (C. isabellum)
* Australian swellshark (C. laticeps)
* Spotted swellshark (C. maculatum)
* Leopard-spotted swellshark (C. pardelotum)
* Painted swellshark (C. pictum)
* Sarawak pygmy swellshark (C. sarawakensis)
* Flagtail swellshark (C. signourum)
* Indian swellshark (C. silasi)
* Speckled swellshark (C. speccum)
* Balloon shark (C. sufflans)
* Blotchy swellshark (C. umbratile)
* Saddled swellshark (C. variegatum)
* Swellshark (C. ventriosum)
* Narrowbar swellshark (C. zebrum)

Cephalurus|

* Lollipop catshark (C. cephalus)

Figaro|

* Australian sawtail catshark (F. boardmani)
* Northern sawtail catshark (F. striatus)

Galeus|

* Antilles catshark (G. antillensis)
* Roughtail catshark (G. arae)
* Atlantic sawtail cat shark (G. atlanticus)
* Longfin sawtail cat shark (G. cadenati)
* Gecko catshark (G. eastmani)
* Slender sawtail catshark (G. gracilis)
* Longnose sawtail cat shark (G. longirostris)
* Blackmouth catshark (G. melastomus)
* Southern sawtail catshark (G. mincaronei)
* Mouse catshark (G. murinus)
* Broadfin sawtail catshark (G. nipponensis)
* Peppered catshark (G. piperatus)
* African sawtail catshark (G. polli)
* G. priapus
* Blacktip sawtail catshark (G. sauteri)
* Dwarf sawtail catshark (G. schultzi)
* Springer's sawtail cat shark (G. springeri)

Halaelurus|

* Arabian catshark (H. alcockii)
* Speckled catshark (H. boesemani)
* Blackspotted catshark (H. buergeri)
* Dusky catshark (H. canescens)
* Broadhead cat shark (H. clevai)
* New Zealand catshark (H. dawsoni)
* Bristly catshark (H. hispidus)
* Spotless catshark (H. immaculatus)
* Lined catshark (H. lineatus)
* Mud catshark (H. lutarius)
* Tiger catshark (H. natalensis)
* Quagga catshark (H. quagga)

Haploblepharus|

* Puffadder shyshark (H. edwardsii)
* Brown shyshark (H. fuscus)
* Natal shyshark (H. kistnasamyi)
* Dark shyshark (H. pictus)

Holohalaelurus|

* H. favus
* H. grennian
* Crying izak (H. melanostigma)
* African spotted catshark (H. punctatus)
* Izak catshark (H. regani)

Parmaturus|

* White-tip catshark (P. albimarginatus)
* White-clasper catshark (P. albipenis)
* Beige catshark (P. bigus)
* Campeche catshark (P. campechiensis)
* Velvet catshark (P. lanatus)
* McMillan's catshark (P. macmillani)
* Blackgill catshark (P. melanobranchus)
* Salamander shark (P. pilosus)
* Filetail catshark (P. xaniurus)
* Shorttail catshark (Parmaturus sp. A)

Pentanchus|

* Onefin catshark (P. profundicolus)

Poroderma|

* Pyjama catshark (P. africanum)
* Leopard catshark (P. pantherinum)

Schroederichthys|

* Narrowmouthed catshark (S. bivius)
* Redspotted catshark (S. chilensis)
* Narrowtail catshark (S. maculatus)
* Lizard catshark (S. saurisqualus)
* Slender catshark (S. tenuis)

Scyliorhinus|

* Polkadot catshark (S. besnardi)
* Boa catshark (S. boa)
* Small-spotted catshark (S. canicula)
* Yellowspotted catshark (S. capensis)
* West African catshark (S. cervigoni)
* Comoro cat shark (S. comoroensis)
* Brownspotted catshark (S. garmani)
* Freckled catshark (S. haeckelii)
* Whitesaddled catshark (S. hesperius)
* Blotched catshark (S. meadi)
* Chain catshark (S. retifer)
* Nursehound (S. stellaris)
* Izu cat shark (S. tokubee)
* Cloudy catshark (S. torazame)
* Dwarf catshark (S. torrei)

Order Echinorhiniformes (Bramble sharks)

| Echinorhinidae|

| Echinorhinus|

* Bramble shark (E. brucus)
* Prickly shark (E. cookei)

|

Order Heterodontiformes (Bullhead sharks)

| Heterodontidae|

| Heterodontus|

* Horn shark (H. francisci)
* Crested bullhead shark (H. galeatus)
* Japanese bullhead shark (H. japonicus)
* Mexican hornshark (H. mexicanus)
* Oman bullhead shark (H. omanensis)
* Port Jackson shark (H. portusjacksoni)
* Galapagos bullhead shark (H. quoyi)
* Whitespotted bullhead shark (H. ramalheira)
* Zebra bullhead shark (H. zebra)

|

Order Hexanchiformes

| Chlamydoselachidae|

| Chlamydoselachus|

* Frilled shark (C. anguineus)
* Southern African frilled shark (C. africana)

|

Hexanchidae
(Cow sharks)|

| Heptranchias|

* Sharpnose sevengill shark (H. perlo)

|

Hexanchus|

* Bluntnose sixgill shark (H. griseus)
* Bigeyed sixgill shark (H. nakamurai)

Notorynchus|

* Broadnose sevengill shark (N. cepedianus)

Order Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks)

| Alopiidae|

| Alopias
(Thresher sharks)|

* Pelagic thresher (A. pelagicus)
* Bigeye thresher (A. superciliosus)
* Common thresher (A. vulpinus)
* Alopias sp. (A. sp.)

|

Cetorhinidae|

| Cetorhinus|

* Basking shark (C. maximus)

|

Lamnidae|

| Carcharodon|

* Great white shark (C. carcharias)

|

Isurus|

* Shortfin mako shark (I. oxyrinchus)
* Longfin mako shark (I. paucus)

Lamna|

* Salmon shark (L. ditropis)
* Porbeagle (L. nasus)

Megachasmidae|

| Megachasma|

* Megamouth shark (M. pelagios)

|

Mitsukurinidae|

| Mitsukurina|

* Goblin shark (M. owstoni)

|

Odontaspididae|

| Carcharias|

* Sand tiger shark (C. taurus)

|

Odontaspis|

* Smalltooth sand tiger (O. ferox)
* Bigeye sand tiger (O. noronhai)

Pseudocarchariidae|

| Pseudocarcharias|

* Crocodile shark (P. kamoharai)

|

Order Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks)

| Brachaeluridae|

| Brachaelurus|

* Blind shark (B. waddi)

|

Heteroscyllium|

* Bluegrey carpetshark (H. colcloughi)

Ginglymostomatidae
(Nurse sharks)|

| Ginglymostoma|

* Nurse shark (G. cirratum)

|

Nebrius|

* Tawny nurse shark (N. ferrugineus)

Pseudoginglymostoma|

* Short-tail nurse shark (P. brevicaudatum)

Hemiscylliidae
(Bamboo sharks)|

| Chiloscyllium|

* Arabian carpetshark (C. arabicum)
* Burmese bamboo shark (C. burmensis)
* Bluespotted bamboo shark (C. caerulopunctatum)
* Grey bamboo shark (C. griseum)
* Hasselt's bamboo shark (C. hasseltii)
* Slender bamboo shark (C. indicum)
* Whitespotted bamboo shark (C. plagiosum)
* Brownbanded bamboo shark (C. punctatum)

|

Hemiscyllium|

* Indonesian speckled carpetshark (H. freycineti)
* H. galei
* Papuan epaulette shark (H. hallstromi)
* H. henryi
* Epaulette shark (H. ocellatum)
* Hooded carpetshark (H. strahani)
* Speckled carpetshark (H. trispeculare)

Orectolobidae
(Wobbegongs)|

| Eucrossorhinus|

* Tasselled wobbegong (E. dasypogon)

|

Orectolobus|

* Floral banded wobbegong (O. floridus)
* Banded wobbegong (O. halei)
* Western wobbegong (O. hutchinsi)
* Japanese wobbegong (O. japonicus)
* Spotted wobbegong (O. maculatus)
* Ornate wobbegong (O. ornatus)
* Dwarf spotted wobbegong (O. parvimaculatus)
* Network wobbegong (O. reticulatus)
* Northern wobbegong (O. wardi)

Sutorectus|

* Cobbler wobbegong (S. tentaculatus)

Parascylliidae
(Collared carpet sharks)|

| Cirrhoscyllium|

* Barbelthroat carpetshark (C. expolitum)
* Taiwan saddled carpetshark (C. formosanum)
* Saddle carpetshark (C. japonicum)

|

Parascyllium|

* Collared carpetshark (P. collare)
* Rusty carpetshark (P. ferrugineum)
* Ginger carpetshark (P. sparsimaculatum)
* Necklace carpetshark (P. variolatum)

Rhincodontidae|

| Rhincodon|

* Whale shark (R. typus)

|

Stegostomatidae|

| Stegostoma|

* Zebra shark (S. fasciatum)

|

Order Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks)

| Pristiophoridae|

| Pliotrema|

* Anna's sixgill sawshark (P. annae)
* Kaja's sixgill sawshark (P. kajae)
* Sixgill sawshark (P. warreni)

|

Pristiophorus|

* Longnose sawshark (P. cirratus)
* Tropical sawshark (P. delicatus)
* Japanese sawshark (P. japonicus)
* Philippine sawshark (P. lanae)
* African dwarf sawshark (P. nancyae)
* Shortnose sawshark (P. nudipinnis)
* Eastern Australian sawshark (P. peroniensis)
* Bahamas sawshark (P. schroederi)

Order Squaliformes

| Centrophoridae
(Gulper sharks)|

| Centrophorus|

* Needle dogfish (C. acus)
* Dwarf gulper shark (C. atromarginatus)
* Gulper shark (C. granulosus)
* Dumb gulper shark (C. harrissoni)
* Blackfin gulper shark (C. isodon)
* Lowfin gulper shark (C. lusitanicus)
* Smallfin gulper shark (C. moluccensis)
* Taiwan gulper shark (C. niaukang)
* Leafscale gulper shark (C. squamosus)
* Mosaic gulper shark (C. tessellatus)
* Little gulper shark (C. uyato)

|

Deania|

* Birdbeak dogfish (D. calcea)
* Rough longnose dogfish (D. hystricosa)
* Arrowhead dogfish (D. profundorum)
* Longsnout dogfish (D. quadrispinosum)

Dalatiidae|

| Euprotomicroides|

* Taillight shark (E. zantedeschia)

|

Heteroscymnoides|

* Longnose pygmy shark (H. marleyi)

Mollisquama|

* Pocket shark (M. parini)

Dalatias|

* Kitefin shark (D. licha)

Isistius|

* Cookiecutter shark (I. brasiliensis)
* South China cookiecutter shark (I. labialis)
* Largetooth cookiecutter shark (I. plutodus)

Euprotomicrus|

* Pygmy shark (E. bispinatus)

Squaliolus|

* Smalleye pygmy shark (S. aliae)
* Spined pygmy shark (S. laticaudus)

Etmopteridae|

| Aculeola|

* Hooktooth dogfish (A. nigra)

|

Centroscyllium|

* Highfin dogfish (C. excelsum)
* Black dogfish (C. fabricii)
* Granular dogfish (C. granulatum)
* Bareskin dogfish (C. kamoharai)
* Combtooth dogfish (C. nigrum)
* Ornate dogfish (C. ornatum)
* Whitefin dogfish (C. ritteri)

Etmopterus
(Lantern sharks)|

* New Zealand lanternshark (E. baxteri)
* Blurred lanternshark (E. bigelowi)
* Shorttail lanternshark (E. brachyurus)
* Lined lanternshark (E. bullisi)
* E. burgessi
* Cylindrical lanternshark (E. carteri)
* Tailspot lanternshark (E. caudistigmus)
* Combtooth lanternshark (E. decacuspidatus)
* Pink lanternshark (E. dianthus)
* E. dislineatus
* Blackmouth lanternshark (E. evansi)
* Pygmy lanternshark (E. fusus)
* Broadbanded lanternshark (E. gracilispinis)
* Southern lanternshark (E. granulosus)
* Caribbean lanternshark (E. hillianus)
* Smalleye lantern shark (E. litvinovi)
* Blackbelly lanternshark (E. lucifer)
* Slendertail lanternshark (E. molleri)
* Dwarf lanternshark (E. perryi)
* African lanternshark (E. polli)
* Great lanternshark (E. princeps)
* False lanternshark (E. pseudosqualiolus)
* Smooth lanternshark (E. pusillus)
* Dense-scale lantern shark (E. pycnolepis)
* West Indian lanternshark (E. robinsi)
* Fringefin lanternshark (E. schultzi)
* Thorny lanternshark (E. sentosus)
* Velvet belly lantern shark (E. spinax)
* Splendid lanternshark (E. splendidus)
* Tasmanian lanternshark (E. tasmaniensis)
* Brown lanternshark (E. unicolor)
* Hawaiian lanternshark (E. villosus)
* Green lanternshark (E. virens)

Miroscyllium|

* Rasptooth dogfish (M. sheikoi)

Trigonognathus|

* Viper dogfish (T. kabeyai)

Oxynotidae
(Rough sharks)|

| Oxynotus|

* Prickly dogfish (O. bruniensis)
* Caribbean roughshark (O. caribbaeus)
* Angular roughshark (O. centrina)
* Japanese roughshark (O. japonicus)
* Sailfin roughshark (O. paradoxus)

|

Somniosidae
(Sleeper sharks)|

| Centroscymnus|

* Portuguese dogfish (C. coelolepis)
* Shortnose velvet dogfish (C. cryptacanthus)
* Roughskin dogfish (C. owstoni)

|

Centroselachus|

* Longnose velvet dogfish (C. crepidater)

Proscymnodon|

* Largespine velvet dogfish (P. macracanthus)
* Plunket shark (P. plunketi)

Scymnodalatias|

* Whitetail dogfish (S. albicauda)
* Azores dogfish (S. garricki)
* Sparsetooth dogfish (S. oligodon)
* Sherwood dogfish (S. sherwoodi)

Scymnodon|

* Smallmouth velvet dogfish (S. obscurus)
* Knifetooth dogfish (S. ringens)

Somniosus|

* Southern sleeper shark (S. antarcticus)
* Frog shark (S. longus )
* Greenland shark (S. microcephalus)
* Pacific sleeper shark (S. pacificus)
* Little sleeper shark (S. rostratus)

Zameus|

* Japanese velvet dogfish (Z. ichiharai)
* Velvet dogfish (Z. squamulosus)

Squalidae
(Dogfish sharks)|

| Cirrhigaleus|

* Roughskin spurdog (C. asper)
* Mandarin dogfish (C. barbifer)

|

Squalus
(Spurdogs)|

* Spiny dogfish (S. acanthias)
* Eastern highfin spurdog (S. albifrons)
* S. acutirostris
* Western highfin spurdog (S. altipinnis)
* Longnose spurdog (S. blainville)
* Fatspine spurdog (S. crassispinus)
* Cuban dogfish (S. cubensis)
* Eastern longnose spurdog (S. grahami)
* Japanese spurdog (S. japonicus)
* Shortnose spurdog (S. megalops)
* Blacktailed spurdog (S. melanurus)
* Shortspine spurdog (S. mitsukurii)
* Bartail spurdog (S. notocaudatus)
* Western longnose spurdog (S. nasutus)
* Cyrano spurdog (S. rancureli)
* Pacific spiny dogfish (S. suckleyi)

Order Squatiniformes (Angelsharks)

| Squatinidae|

| Squatina|

* Sawback angelshark (S. aculeata)
* African angelshark (S. africana)
* Eastern Australian angelshark (Squatina albipunctata)
* Argentine angelshark (S. argentina)
* Chilean angelshark (S. armata)
* Australian angelshark (S. australis)
* Pacific angelshark (S. californica)
* Sand devil (S. dumeril)
* Taiwan angelshark (S. formosa)
* Angular angelshark (S. guggenheim)
* S. heteroptera
* Japanese angelshark (S. japonica)
* Indonesian angelshark (S. legnota)
* Cortez angelshark (S. mexicana)
* Clouded angelshark (S. nebulosa)
* Smoothback angelshark (S. oculata)
* S. punctata
* Western Australian angelshark (Squatina pseudocellata)
* Angelshark (S. squatina)
* Ornate angelshark (S. tergocellata)
* Ocellated angelshark (S. tergocellatoides)

|

Wikidata ☰ Q586662 entry

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School shark. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:School_shark&oldid=4487665"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template