Setaria

Short description: Genus of grasses

Foxtail

Setaria parviflora in Hawai'i
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Monocots
Clade:  | Commelinids
Order:  | Poales
Family:  | Poaceae
Subfamily:  | Panicoideae
Supertribe:  | Panicodae
Tribe:  | Paniceae
Subtribe:  | Cenchrinae
Genus:  | Setaria
P.Beauv. 1812, conserved name not Ach. ex Michx. 1803 (a lichen)[1][2]
Type species
Setaria viridis

(L.) P.Beauv.[3]

Synonyms[4]

* Acrochaete Peter
* Chaetochloa Scribn.
* Cymbosetaria Schweick.
* Camusiella Bosser
* Tansaniochloa Rauschert

caption=Setaria distantiflora (A.Rich.) Pilg., herbarium sheet

Setaria is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.[5][6] The name is derived from the Latin word seta, meaning "bristle" or "hair", which refers to the bristly spikelets.[7]

The genus includes over 100 species distributed in many tropical and temperate regions around the world,[8] and members are commonly known as foxtail or bristle grasses.[2][9][10][11][12][13]

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Species
* 3 Uses
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Description

The grass is topped by a cylindrical long-haired head, which tend to droop when ripe. The seeds are less than 6 millimetres (1⁄4 inch) in length.[14]

## Species

Currently accepted[15][4][16][17]

* Setaria acromelaena
* Setaria alonsoi Pensiero & A.M.Anton
* Setaria apiculata (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
* Setaria appendiculata (Hack.) Stapf
* Setaria arizonica Rominger
* Setaria atrata Hack. ex Engl.
* Setaria australiensis – scrub pigeon grass
* Setaria austrocaledonica
* Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth – bristly foxtail grass, corn grass, Mary grass
* Setaria barbinodis R.A.W.Herrm.
* Setaria bathiei A.Camus
* Setaria cernua Kunth
* Setaria chondrachne (Steud.) Honda
* Setaria cinerea T. Koyama
* Setaria clivalis (Ridl.) Veldkamp
* Setaria cordobensis R.A.W.Herrm.
* Setaria corrugata (Elliott) Schult.
* Setaria dielsii R.A.W.Herrm.
* Setaria elementii (Domin) R.D. Webster
* Setaria faberi R.A.W.Herrm. – giant foxtail, Chinese foxtail
* Setaria fiebrigii R.A.W.Herrm.
* Setaria finita Launert
* Setaria forbesiana (Nees ex Steud.) Hook.f.
* Setaria globulifera (Steud.) Griseb.
* Setaria gracillima Hook.f.
* Setaria grandis Stapf
* Setaria grisebachii E.Fourn.
* Setaria guizhouensis S.L.Chen & G.Y.Sheng
* Setaria hassleri Hack.
* Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov.
* Setaria humbertiana A.Camus
* Setaria hunzikeri Anton
* Setaria incrassata (Hochst.) Hack. – Vlei bristlegrass
* Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult.
* Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. – foxtail millet, dwarf setaria, Italian millet
* Setaria jaffrei Morat
* Setaria kagerensis Mez
* Setaria lachnea (Nees) Kunth
* Setaria latifolia (Scribn.) R.A.W.Herrm.
* Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum. – plains bristle grass, streambed bristle grass
* Setaria liebmannii E.Fourn.
* Setaria lindenbergiana (Nees) Stapf
* Setaria longipila E.Fourn.
* Setaria longiseta P.Beauv.
* Setaria macrosperma (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
* Setaria macrostachya Kunth
* Setaria madecassa A.Camus
* Setaria magna Griseb. – giant bristle grass
* Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz – broad-leaved bristle grass, ribbon bristle grass
* Setaria mendocina Phil.
* Setaria mildbraedii C.E.Hubb.
* Setaria montana Reeder
* Setaria nepalense (Spreng.) Müll. Stuttg.
* Setaria nicorae Pensiero
* Setaria nigrirostris (Nees) T.Durand & Schinz – black-seed bristle grass
* Setaria oblongata (Griseb.) Parodi
* Setaria obscura de Wit
* Setaria oplismenoides R.A.W.Herrm.
* Setaria orthosticha K.Schum. ex R.A.W.Herrm.
* Setaria palmeri Henrard
* Setaria palmifolia (J.Koenig) Stapf – palm grass, highland pitpit
* Setaria pampeana Parodi ex Nicora
* Setaria paraguayensis Pensiero
* Setaria parodii Nicora
* Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen – knotroot bristle grass, slender pigeon grass
* Setaria paspalidioides Vickery
* Setaria pauciflora Linden ex Herrm.
* Setaria paucifolia (Morong) Lindm.
* Setaria perrieri A.Camus
* Setaria petiolata Stapf & C.E.Hubb.
* Setaria pflanzii Pensiero
* Setaria plicata
* Setaria poiretiana – grama negra, gramalote sacha
* Setaria pseudaristata (Peter) Pilg.
* Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. – yellow foxtail
* Setaria queenslandica Domin
* Setaria restioidea (Franch.) Stapf
* Setaria rigida Stapf
* Setaria roemeri Jansen
* Setaria rosengurttii (Nicora)
* Setaria sagittifolia (A.Rich.) Walp.
* Setaria scabrifolia (Nees) Kunth
* Setaria scandens Schrad.
* Setaria scheelei (Steud.) Hitchc. – southwestern bristle grass
* Setaria scottii (Hack.) A.Camus
* Setaria seriata Stapf
* Setaria setosa (Sw.) P.Beauv.
* Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. – African bristle grass, South African pigeon grass
* Setaria stolonifera Boldrini
* Setaria submacrostachya Luces
* Setaria sulcata Raddi
* Setaria surgens Stapf
* Setaria tenacissima Schrad.
* Setaria tenax (Rich.) Desv.
* Setaria texana Emery
* Setaria vaginata Spreng.
* Setaria vatkeana K.Schum.
* Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. – bristly foxtail
* Setaria villosissima (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
* Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. – green foxtail
* Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. – plains bristle grass
* Setaria welwitschii Rendle
* Setaria yunnanensis Keng f. & K.D.Yu

Formerly included[4]

Numerous species were once considered members of Setaria but have since been reassigned to the following genera: Brachiaria, Dissochondrus, Echinochloa, Holcolemma, Ixophorus, Oplismenus, Panicum, Paspalidium, Pennisetum, Pseudoraphis, Setariopsis, and Urochloa

## Uses

The grains can be eaten raw, though are hard and can be bitter; boiling can reduce both of these properties.[14]

Several species have been domesticated and used as staple crops throughout history: foxtail millet (S. italica), korali (S. pumila) in India, and, before the full domestication of maize, Setaria macrostachya in Mexico.[18] Several species are still cultivated today as food or as animal fodder, such as foxtail millet and korali (S. pumila), while others are considered invasive weeds.[19] S. italica and S. viridis are being developed as genetic model systems for the study of monocots and bioenergy grasses.[20]

Other species that have been cultivated as crops include S. palmifolia (highland pitpit) of Papua New Guinea, where it is cultivated as a green vegetable; S. parviflora (knot-root foxtail), historically cultivated in Mesoamerica; and S. sphacelata (African bristle grass) of Sudan, a "lost millet" of Nubia.[21]

## See also

* Hendrik de Wit, a botanist who studied Setaria

## References

1. ↑ Tropicos, Setaria Ach. ex Michx.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Genus: Setaria P. Beauv.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?11106.
3. ↑ lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(3): 156 (1920)
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
5. ↑ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie page 51 in Latin
6. ↑ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie plate XIII (13), figure III (3) line drawing of Setaria viridis
7. ↑ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. 4: R-Q. CRC Press. p. 2470. ISBN 0-8493-2673-7.
8. ↑ Aliscioni, S., et al. An overview of the genus Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) in the Old World: Systematic revision and phylogenetic approach. Abstract. Botany 2004. Salt Lake City. August 3, 2004.
9. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 499, 531 狗尾草属 gou wei cao shu Setaria P. Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 51. 1812
10. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
11. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana
12. ↑ Atlas of Living Australia
13. ↑ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 (in en-US) The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants. United States Department of the Army. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. 2009. pp. 56. ISBN 978-1-60239-692-0. OCLC 277203364. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/277203364.
15. ↑ The Plant List search for Setaria
16. ↑ "Setaria". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=41229. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
17. ↑ "GRIN Species Records of Setaria". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?11106.
18. ↑ Diao, Xianmin; Jia, Guanqing (2017). "Origin and Domestication of Foxtail Millet". Genetics and Genomics of Setaria. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models. 19. pp. 61–72. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45105-3_4. ISBN 978-3-319-45103-9.
19. ↑ Dekker, Jack (29 February 2004). "4". in Inderjit. Weed Biology and Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 65–67. ISBN 9781402017612.
20. ↑ Li, P.; Brutnell, T. P. (2011-03-31). "Setaria viridis and Setaria italica, model genetic systems for the Panicoid grasses". Journal of Experimental Botany 62 (9): 3031–3037. doi:10.1093/jxb/err096. ISSN 0022-0957. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err096.
21. ↑ Fuller, Dorian Q. (2014). "Millets: Origins and Development". Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 4945–4948. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2181. ISBN 978-1-4419-0426-3.

## External links

* Setaria. California Department of Food and Agriculture.

Wikidata ☰ Q157389 entry

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setaria. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Setaria&oldid=410039"