Shotgun lipidomics

In lipidomics, the process of shotgun lipidomics (named by analogy with shotgun sequencing) uses analytical chemistry to investigate the biological function, significance, and sequelae of alterations in lipids and protein constituents mediating lipid metabolism, trafficking, or biological function in cells.[1] [2] Lipidomics has been greatly facilitated by recent advances in, and novel applications of, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS).[3]

Lipidomics is a research field that studies the pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems (i.e., lipidomes) on a large scale. It involves the identification and quantification of the thousands of cellular lipid molecular species and their interactions with other lipids, proteins, and other moieties in vivo. Investigators in lipidomics examine the structures, functions, interactions, and dynamics of cellular lipids and the dynamic changes that occur during pathophysiologic perturbations. Lipidomic studies play an essential role in defining the biochemical mechanisms of lipid-related disease processes through identifying alterations in cellular lipid metabolism, trafficking and homeostasis. The two major platforms currently used for lipidomic analyses are HPLC-MS and shotgun lipidomics.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Advantages
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading

## History

Shotgun lipidomics was developed by Richard W. Gross and Xianlin Han, by employing ESI intrasource separation techniques. Individual molecular species of most major and many minor lipid classes can be fingerprinted and quantitated directly from biological lipid extracts without the need for chromatographic purification.

## Advantages

Shotgun lipidomics is fast, highly sensitive, and it can identify hundreds of lipids missed by other methods — all with a much smaller tissue sample so that specific cells or minute biopsy samples can be examined.

## References

1. ↑ "Shotgun lipidomics: electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis and quantitation of cellular lipidomes directly from crude extracts of biological samples". Mass Spectrom Rev 24 (3): 367–412. 2005. doi:10.1002/mas.20023. PMID 15389848. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/109083637/abstract.
2. ↑ "Shotgun lipidomics: multidimensional MS analysis of cellular lipidomes". Expert Rev Proteomics 2 (2): 253–64. April 2005. doi:10.1586/14789450.2.2.253. PMID 15892569.
3. ↑ "Global analyses of cellular lipidomes directly from crude extracts of biological samples by ESI mass spectrometry: a bridge to lipidomics". J. Lipid Res. 44 (6): 1071–9. June 2003. doi:10.1194/jlr.R300004-JLR200. PMID 12671038. http://www.jlr.org/cgi/content/full/44/6/1071.

## Further reading

* Gunning for fats
* "Lipidomics in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome". Meth. Enzymol.. Methods in Enzymology 433: 73–90. 2007. doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(07)33004-8. ISBN 9780123739667. PMID 17954229.
* "Toward fingerprinting cellular lipidomes directly from biological samples by two-dimensional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry". Anal. Biochem. 330 (2): 317–31. July 2004. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2004.04.004. PMID 15203339.

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