Tendon reflex

Short description: Reflexes in physiology

Tendon reflex (or T-reflex) may refer to:

* The stretch reflex or muscle stretch reflex (MSR), when the stretch is created by a blow upon a muscle tendon. This is the commonly used definition of the term.[1][2] Albeit a misnomer, in this sense a common example is the standard patellar reflex or knee-jerk response.[3] Stretch reflex tests are used to determine the integrity of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, and they can be used to determine the presence of a neuromuscular disease.[4]

The term "deep tendon reflex", if it refers to the muscle stretch reflex, is a misnomer. "Tendons have little to do with the response, other than being responsible for mechanically transmitting the sudden stretch from the reflex hammer to the muscle spindle. In addition, some muscles with stretch reflexes have no tendons (e.g., "jaw jerk" of the masseter muscle)".[5]

* The Golgi tendon reflex, which is a reflex to extensive tension on a tendon; it functions to protect musculoskeletal integrity. The sensory receptors for this reflex are anatomically located deep in the tendon, while the sensory receptors for the MSR are inside the muscle. Therefore, the Golgi tendon reflex can be referred to as the deep tendon reflex.

## Contents

* 1 Testing
* 2 Functions of Golgi tendon reflex
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Testing

As wrongfully referring to a muscle stretch reflex, to test the reflex, tap on the tendon. In a healthy individual the intensity on both sides is equal. This means that the connections between the spinal cord and the muscles are undamaged.[6]

Main spinal nerve roots involved:

* Biceps (C5, C6)
* Brachioradialis (C6)
* Triceps (C7)
* Patellar (L4)
* Achilles tendon (S1)

## Functions of Golgi tendon reflex

The Golgi tendon reflex is a response to extensive tension on a tendon.[7] It helps avoid strong muscle contractions which could tear the tendon from either the muscle or bone.[7] In sports, quick movements can damage the tendon before the reflex can occur.[7] The tendon reflex also helps spread the workload more evenly over the entire muscle by preventing "muscle fibers connected with overstimulated tendon organs so that their contraction is more comparable to the contraction of the rest of the muscle."[7]

## References

1. ↑ TheFreeDictionary > tendon reflex Citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
2. ↑ dictionary.com > tendon reflex Citing: Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, 2007 and The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary 2002
3. ↑ wustl.edu > tendon reflex Citing: wustl.edu. REFLEXES: Tendon & Other. 2008.
4. ↑ eNotes > tendon reflex Citing: Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health. 2002
5. ↑ Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis; McGee; Chapter 63. 2018
6. ↑ Batavia, Mitchell; McDonough, Andrew L. (2000). "Demonstrating the Stretch Reflex: A Mechanical Model". The American Biology Teacher 62 (7): 503–7. doi:10.1662/0002-7685(2000)062[0503:DTSRAM2.0.CO;2].
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: the Unity of Form and Function. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print.[page needed]

## External links

* "Tendon reflex" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

* Reflex,+Tendon at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
* Kenneth Walker, H (1990). "Deep Tendon Reflexes". in Kenneth Walker, H; Dallas Hall, W; Willis Hurst, J. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (3rd ed.). Boston: Butterworths. ISBN 0-409-90077-X. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK396/.

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Nervous system physiology: neurophysiology]] - reflex

Cranial nerve|

* midbrain: Pupillary light reflex
* Accommodation reflex
pons/medulla: Jaw jerk reflex
* Corneal reflex
* Caloric reflex test/Vestibulo-ocular reflex/Oculocephalic reflex
* Pharyngeal (gag) reflex

Stretch reflexes|

* upper limb: Biceps reflex C5/C6
* Brachioradialis reflex C6
* Triceps reflex C7/C8
lower limb: Patellar reflex L2-L4
* Ankle jerk reflex S1/S2
* Plantar reflex L5-S2

Primitive reflexes|

* Galant
* Gastrocolic
* Grasp
* Moro
* Rooting
* Stepping
* Sucking
* Tonic neck
* Parachute

Superficial reflexes|

* Abdominal reflex
* Cremasteric reflex

Lists|

* general
* alphabetical
* by organ

Cardiovascular|

* Bainbridge reflex
* Bezold–Jarisch reflex
* Coronary reflex
* Diving reflex
* Oculocardiac reflex

| Baroreflex|

* Reflex bradycardia
* Reflex tachycardia

|

Respiratory|

* Churchill–Cope reflex

Other|

* Acoustic reflex
* H-reflex
* Golgi tendon reflex
* Optokinetic
* Startle response
* Withdrawal reflex (Crossed extensor reflex)
* Symmetrical tonic neck reflex

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