COinS

Short description: Bibliographic metadata embedding method

ContextObjects in Spans (COinS) is a method to embed bibliographic metadata in the HTML code of web pages. This allows bibliographic software to publish machine-readable bibliographic items and client reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. The metadata can also be sent to an OpenURL resolver. This allows, for instance, searching for a copy of a book at a specific library.[1]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Summary of the data model
* 3 Use in websites
* 4 Server-side applications
* 5 Client tools
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 Further reading
* 9 External links

## History

In the late 1990s, OpenURL was created at Ghent University as a framework to provide context-sensitive links. The OpenURL link server implementation called SFX was sold to Ex Libris Group which marketed it to libraries, shaping the idea of a "link resolver". The OpenURL framework was later standardized as ANSI/NISO Z39.88 in 2004 (revised 2010).[2] A core part of OpenURL was the concept of "ContextObjects" as metadata to describe referenced resources.

In late 2004, Richard Cameron, the creator of CiteULike, drew attention to the need for a standard way of embedding metadata in HTML pages.[3] In January 2005, Daniel Chudnov suggested the use of OpenURL.[4] Embedding OpenURL ContextObjects in HTML had been proposed before by Herbert Van de Sompel and Oren Beit-Arie[5] and a working paper by Chudnov and Jeremy Frumkin.[6] Discussion of the latter on the GPS-PCS mailing list[7] resulted in a draft specification for embedding OpenURLs in HTML,[8] which later became COinS. A ContextObject is embedded in an HTML span element.

The adoption of COinS was pushed by various publications and implementations. The specification was OCOinS.info, which includes specific guides to implement COinS for journal articles and books.[9]

## Summary of the data model

From OpenURL 1.0 COinS borrows one of its serialization formats ("KEV") and some ContextObject metadata formats included in OpenURL implementation guidelines.[10] The ContextObject implementation guidelines of COinS include four publication types (article with several subtypes, book, patent, and generic) and a couple of simple fields. However, the guidelines are not required part of COinS, so the standard does not provide a strict metadata model like Dublin Core or the Bibliographic Ontology.

## Use in websites

The following websites make use of COinS:

* Citebase
* CiteULike
* Copac
* HubMed
* Mendeley[11]
* Wikipedia[12]
* Wikivoyage (German branch)
* WorldCat

## Server-side applications

Some server-side applications embed COinS, including refbase.[13]

## Client tools

Client tools which can make use of COinS include:

* BibDesk[14]
* Bookends (Mac)
* Citavi[15]
* LibX
* Mendeley[11]
* ResearchGate
* Sente (Mac)
* Zotero[16]

## See also

* Info URI scheme
* HTML Microdata
* KBART
* Microformat
* RDFa
* span
* UnAPI

## References

1. ↑ Chudnov, Daniel (14 July 2006). "COinS for the Link Trail". Library Journal: 8–10. http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6344742.html.
2. ↑ ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004(R2010) – The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services. National Information Standards Organization. 2004. ISBN 978-1-880124-61-1. http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/project/details.php?project_id=82. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
3. ↑ Cameron, Richard (20 December 2004). "Autodiscovery and embedding metadata". http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2004-December/000004.html.
4. ↑ Chudnov, Daniel (6 January 2005). "sample inline openurl". http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2005-January/000010.html.
5. ↑ Van de Sompel, Herbert; Beit-Arie, Oren (July–August 2001). "Generalizing the OpenURL Framework beyond References to Scholarly Works – The Bison-Futé Model". D-Lib Magazine 7 (7/8). doi:10.1045/july2001-vandesompel. ISSN 1082-9873. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july01/vandesompel/07vandesompel.html.
6. ↑ Chudnov, Daniel; Frumkin, Jeremy (10 December 2004). "Service Autodiscovery for Rapid Information Movement". http://curtis.med.yale.edu/dchud/writings/sa4rim.html.
7. ↑ "gcs-pcs-list". https://groups.google.com/group/gcs-pcs-list.
8. ↑ Hellman, Eric, ed. "Latent OpenURLs in HTML for Resource Autodiscovery, Localization and Personalization". OCOinS.info. http://ocoins.info/latent-class.html.
9. ↑ "OpenURL COinS: A Convention to Embed Bibliographic Metadata in HTML". http://ocoins.info/.
10. ↑ Apps, Ann (16 April 2003). "Z39.88-2004 KEV Implementation Guidelines". MIMAS, The University of Manchester, UK. http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html#sect5_4.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Reichelt, Jan (5 August 2009). "Mendeley Web now supports COinS". http://www.mendeley.com/blog/academic-features/mendeley-web-now-supports-coins/.
12. ↑ "Wikipedia:COinS" (in en). 17 December 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS.
13. ↑ "Standard link resolver support: OpenURL & COinS". http://www.refbase.net/index.php/Standard_link_resolver_support:_OpenURL_&_COinS.
14. ↑ "BibDesk Help: 5.10.5 Web Group". https://bibdesk.sourceforge.io/manual/BibDeskHelp_37.html.
15. ↑ "Importing with the Hunter". https://www1.citavi.com/sub/manual5/en/index.html?picker_hunter.html.
16. ↑ "dev:exposing metadata:coins". https://www.zotero.org/support/dev/exposing_metadata/coins.

## Further reading

* "OpenURL COinS: A Convention to Embed Bibliographic Metadata in HTML". http://ocoins.info/. (eLib.at Mirror)
* "Registry for the OpenURL Framework – ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004". http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&set=Core:Metadata+Formats.
* "OpenURL Syntax Description". http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/docs/pdf/openurl-01.pdf.
* "Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a journal publication". http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal.
* "Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a book". http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book.
* "Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a patent". http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent.
* "Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a dissertation". http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation.
* "Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines". June 2007. http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html.
* "Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines, Appendices". June 2007. http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines_Ap-200706.html.
* "Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines, Examples". June 2007. http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines_Egs-200706.html.
* "Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines". http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.pdf.
* "Rethinking Library Linking: Breathing New Life Into OpenURL". Library Technology Reports (LTR) – Expert Guides to Library Systems and Services. ALA TechSource (American Library Association) 46 (7). October 2010. ISBN:0-83895813-3. ISBN 978-0-83895813-1. ISSN 0024-2586. https://books.google.com/books?id=flhDIrhMjIwC. (38 pages)

## External links

* Citation proposal – for a microformat for the same purpose
* KEV implementation guidelines
* Using COinS from Max Planck virtual Library
* What are COinS? – from Online Computer Library Center

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