Cerro Barcino Formation
Stratigraphic range: Aptian-Cenomanian
~118–98 Ma

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Type| Geological formation
Unit of| Chubut Group
Sub-units| Las Plumas
Cerro Castaño
Puesto La Paloma
Bayo Overo
Underlies| Puesto Manuel Arce Formation
Overlies| Los Adobes Formation
Lithology
Primary| Mudstone, sandstone
Other| Conglomerate, tuff
Location
Coordinates|  [ ⚑ ] : 43°48′S 68°36′W﻿ / ﻿43.8°S 68.6°W﻿ / -43.8; -68.6
Paleocoordinates|  [ ⚑ ] 44°42′S 35°06′W﻿ / ﻿44.7°S 35.1°W﻿ / -44.7; -35.1
Region| Chubut Province
Country| Argentina
Extent| Cañadón Asfalto Basin
Type section
Named for| Cerro Barcino

Cerro Barcino Formation (Argentina)

The Cerro Barcino Formation (also known as the Gorro Frigio Formation) is a geological formation in South America whose strata span the Early Cretaceous to the earliest Late Cretaceous. The top age for the formation has been estimated to be Cenomanian. Earlier estimates placed the formation until the Campanian.[1]

The formation was deposited in the Cañadón Asfalto Basin, a rift basin that started forming in the earliest Jurassic. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

The Cerro Barcino Formation is the second-youngest unit of the Chubut Group, which also includes the older Los Adobes Formation. Both formations cover a vast area in Chubut Province, Argentina . The two formations are distinguished by geological features suggesting a distinct change in climate, from a wetter, flood plain environment in the Los Adobes to a much more arid, desert-like environment in the Cerro Barcino.[1]

The Cerro Barcino Formation is subdivided into several subunits (members).[1] From oldest to youngest:

* Bayo Overo (Correlates with both the Puesto La Paloma and the Cerro Castaño members)
* Puesto La Paloma
* Characterized by arid plains interspersed with sand dunes
* Cerro Castaño
* A return to more humid, flood-plain conditions
* Las Plumas

The Puesto La Paloma Member dates from ~118-113 Ma, the Cerro Castaño Member dates from ~113-100.5 Ma, correlating with the Albian, and the Las Plumas Member dates from ~100.5-98 Ma.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Fossil content
* 1.1 Crurotarsans
* 1.2 Dinosaurs
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 3.1 Bibliography

## Fossil content

Indeterminate abelisaurid remains from the Puesto La Paloma Member. Possible indeterminate carcharodontosaurid remains. Indeterminate Titanosauria remains. Also, an unnamed titanosauriform.

Lepidosaurs (Kaikaifilusaurus minimus) and Testudinata (Chubutemys copelloi and Prochelidella cerrobarcinae) are also discovered from this formation.[2]

### Crurotarsans

Crocodylomorphs

Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images
Barcinosuchus[3] | B. gradilis | Near El Escorial village, Chubut Province | Cerro Castaño Member  | "Skull, mandible, and postcranial remains."  | A peirosaurid. The first crocodyliform from the Chubut Group  |

### Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs

Genus | Species | Member | Material | Notes | Images
Chubutisaurus[4] | C. insignis | Bayo Overo  | two partial skeletons  | A basal somphospondylan |

Genyodectes[5] | G. serus | Cerro Castaño  | partial snout  | A possible ceratosaurid.  |

Patagotitan[6] | P. mayorum | Cerro Castaño  | partial skeleton and other elements  | A huge lognkosaur.  |

Tyrannotitan[7] | T. chubutensis | Cerro Castaño  | two partial skeletons and teeth  | A giant giganotosaurin carcharodontosaurid.  |

"Megalosaurus"  | "M." inexpectatus | Bayo Overo  | teeth  | Indeterminate abelisaurid originally described as a species of Megalosaurus[8][9] |

## See also

* List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
* La Amarga Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the Neuquén Basin
* Lohan Cura Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the Neuquén Basin
* Río Belgrano Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the Austral Basin

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rauhut et al., 2003
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Krause, J. Marcelo; Ramezani, Jahandar; Umazano, Aldo M.; Pol, Diego; Carballido, José L.; Sterli, Juliana; Puerta, Pablo; Cúneo, N. Rubén et al. (2020-04-01). "High-resolution chronostratigraphy of the Cerro Barcino Formation (Patagonia): Paleobiologic implications for the mid-cretaceous dinosaur-rich fauna of South America" (in en). Gondwana Research 80: 33–49. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2019.10.005. ISSN 1342-937X. Bibcode: 2020GondR..80...33K. http://staff.mef.org.ar/images/investigadores/diego_pol/papers/101.pdf.
3. ↑ Leardi, Juan Martín; Pol, Diego (2009-12-01). "The first crocodyliform from the Chubut Group (Chubut Province, Argentina) and its phylogenetic position within basal Mesoeucrocodylia" (in en). Cretaceous Research 30 (6): 1376–1386. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.08.002. ISSN 0195-6671. http://staff.mef.org.ar/images/investigadores/diego_pol/papers/37.pdf.
4. ↑ Carballido, José L.; Pol, Diego; Cerda, Ignacio; Salgado, Leonardo (2011-02-10). "The osteology of Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro, 1975 (Dinosauria: Neosauropoda) from the 'middle' Cretaceous of central Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (1): 93–110. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.539651. ISSN 0272-4634.
5. ↑ Rauhut, Oliver W. M. (2004-12-10). "Provenance and anatomy of Genyodectes serus, a large-toothed ceratosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Patagonia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (4): 894–902. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0894:PAAOGS2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0272-4634. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235907356.
6. ↑ Carballido, José L.; Pol, Diego; Otero, Alejandro; Cerda, Ignacio A.; Salgado, Leonardo; Garrido, Alberto C.; Ramezani, Jahandar; Cúneo, Néstor R. et al. (2017-08-16). "A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284 (1860). doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.1219. ISSN 0962-8452. PMID 28794222.
7. ↑ Canale, Juan Ignacio; Novas, Fernando Emilio; Pol, Diego (2015-01-02). "Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Tyrannotitan chubutensis Novas, de Valais, Vickers-Rich and Rich, 2005 (Theropoda: Carcharodontosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina". Historical Biology 27 (1): 1–32. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.861830. ISSN 0891-2963. http://staff.mef.org.ar/images/investigadores/diego_pol/papers/72.pdf.
8. ↑ Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.563-570
9. ↑ Ezcurra, Martin Daniel; Novas, Fernando Emilio (2016). "Theropod dinosaurs from Argentina". Contribuciones del MACN. ISSN 1666-5503. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/47298/CONICET_Digital_Nro.8f05a016-e7f8-4dd3-a2c7-7535b9a5ba7a_A.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=n&date=5000-01-01.

### Bibliography

* Rauhut, O.W.M.; G. Cladera; P. Vickers-Rich, and T.H. Rich. 2003. Dinosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous of the Chubut Group, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 24\. 487–497. Accessed 2019-04-06.doi:10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00067-3
* Figari, Eduardo G.; Roberto A. Scasso; Rubén N. Cúneo, and Ignacio Escapa. 2015. Estratigrafía y evolución geológica de la Cuenca de Cañadón Asfalto, Provincia del Chubut, Argentina. Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis 22\. 135–169. Accessed 2018-09-10.
* Leardi, Juan Martín, and Diego Pol. 2009. The first crocodyliform from the Chubut Group (Chubut Province, Argentina) and its phylogenetic position within basal Mesoeucrocodylia. Cretaceous Research 30\. 1376–1386. Accessed 2019-04-06.doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.08.002
* Novas, F.E.; S. De Valais; P. Vickers-Rich, and T. Rich. 2005. A large Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia, Argentina, and the evolution of carcharodontosaurids. Naturwissenschaften 92\. 226–230. Accessed 2019-04-06.doi:10.1007/s00114-005-0623-3PMID 15834691Bibcode: 2005NW.....92..226N
* Rauhut, O.W.M. 2004. Provenance and anatomy of Genyodectes serus, a large-toothed ceratosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24\. 894–902. Accessed 2019-04-06.
* Rauhut, O.W.M.; G. Cladera; P. Vickers-Rich, and T.H. Rich. 2003. Dinosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous of the Chubut Group, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 24\. 487–497. Accessed 2019-04-06.doi:10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00067-3
* Weishampel, David B.; Peter Dodson, and Halszka Osmólska (eds.). 2004. The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, 1–880. Berkeley: University of California Press. Accessed 2019-02-21. ISBN:0-520-24209-2

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