Diaphoretickes

Short description: Taxon of eukaryotes

Diaphoretickes

Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Clade:  | Diaphoretickes
Adl et al.
Unranked groups

* Archaeplastida
* SAR supergroup

Synonyms

* Corticata

Diaphoretickes (/ˌdaɪ.əfəˈrɛtɪkiːz/ DY-ə-fə-REH-tik-eez) is a major group of eukaryotic organisms, with over 400,000 species. The majority of the earth's biomass that carries out photosynthesis belongs to Diaphoretickes.[1]

## Phylogeny

In 2012 Diaphoretickes received the following phylogenetic definition:

> The most inclusive clade containing Bigelowiella natans Moestrup & Sengco 2001 (Rhizaria), Tetrahymena thermophila Nanney & McCoy 1976 (Alveolata), Thalassiosira pseudonana Cleve 1873 (Stramenopiles), and Arabidopsis thaliana (Linnaeus) Heynhold, 1842 (Archaeplastida), but not Homo sapiens Linnaeus 1758 (Opisthokonta), Dictyostelium discoideum Raper 1935 (Amoebozoa) or Euglena gracilis Klebs 1883 (Excavata). This is a branch-based definition in which all of the specifiers are extant.[2]

The placement of Hemimastigophora is uncertain. Some studies find it nested within the clades of Diaphoretickes, as the best supported hypothesis[3] or a less-supported one.[4] Others find it to be the sister group of all other Diaphoretickes,[4] which under the branch-based definition falls within Diaphoretickes.[2]

Diaphoretickes includes the following groups:

Diaphoretickes |  |  |  |  |

Hemimastigophora

|

|  |  |

Provora

|

|  |  |

Haptista

|

TSAR  |  |  |

Telonemia

|

SAR |  |  |

Rhizaria

|

Halvaria  |  |  |

Stramenopiles

|

Alveolata

CAM  |  |  |  |  |

Cryptista

|

Microheliella maris

Archaeplastida

plants and algae

## Taxonomic history

Diaphoretickes was identified by Burki et al. (2008) as the "plants+HC+SAR megagroup".[5] because it included plants (Archaeplastida), haptophytes, cryptomonads, and stramenopiles, alveolates, and rhizarians. Diaphoretickes has been called the SAR/HA Supergroup or "Corticata with Rhizaria".[6] According to this description, it includes most of the species engaging in photosynthesis, except for the Euglenozoa and Cyanobacteria. It includes all Bikonts that are not excavates and Hemimastigophora. The name "Corticata" comes from Cavalier-Smith's hypothesis about the common origin of the cortical alveoli of glaucophytes and alveolates.[7] The megagroup was previously described as the sum of Archaeplastida, Rhizaria, and chromalveolates.[8] However, this description is obsolete, largely due to the discovery that Chromalveolata, a refinement of Chromista, is not monophyletic.[9][10]

## References

1. ↑ "The biomass distribution on Earth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115 (25): 6506–6511. June 2018. doi:10.1073/pnas.1711842115. PMID 29784790.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "The revised classification of eukaryotes". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493. September 2012. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. PMID 23020233.
3. ↑ Yazaki, Euki et al. (2022). "The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris.". Open Biology 12 (210376): 210376. doi:10.1098/rsob.210376. PMID 35414259.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lax, Gordon; Eglit, Yana; Eme, Laura; Bertrand, Erin M.; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G.B. (14 November 2018). "Hemimastigophora is a novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes". Nature 564 (7736): 410–414. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0708-8. PMID 30429611. Bibcode: 2018Natur.564..410L.
5. ↑ "Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes". Biology Letters 4 (4): 366–369. August 2008. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0224. PMID 18522922.
6. ↑ "Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 81: 71–85. December 2014. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012. PMID 25152275.
7. ↑ "Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa". European Journal of Protistology 39 (4): 338–348. January 2003. doi:10.1078/0932-4739-00002.
8. ↑ "Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups"". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 (10): 3859–3864. March 2009. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807880106. PMID 19237557. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..106.3859H.
9. ↑ Burki, Fabien; Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran; Pawlowski, Jan (2008). "Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes". Biology Letters 4 (4): 366–369. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0224. PMID 18522922.
10. ↑ Kim, E.; Graham, LE (Jul 2008). Redfield, Rosemary Jeanne. ed. "EEF2 analysis challenges the monophyly of Archaeplastida and Chromalveolata.". PLOS ONE 3 (7): e2621. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002621. PMID 18612431. Bibcode: 2008PLoSO...3.2621K.

Wikidata ☰ Q4589415 entry

* v
* t
* e

Eukaryota

Domain
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryota
(Supergroup
Plant
Hacrobia
Heterokont
Alveolata
Rhizaria
Excavata
Amoebozoa
Opisthokonta

Animal
Fungi)

Diaphoretickes|

| Archaeplastida|

* Glaucophyta
* Rhodelphidia
* Rhodophyta
* Picozoa

Green algae
Plantae s.s.|

* Chlorophyta
* Streptophyta
* Chlorokybophyceae
* Mesostigmatophyceae
* Spirotaenia

Cryptista|

* Corbihelia
* Cryptophyta

A+H|

* Alveidia (Ancoracysta twista)
* Haptista
* Centroheliozoa
* Haptophyta

TSAR|

| SAR|

| Halvaria|

| Alveolata|

* Ciliates
* Miozoa
* Acavomonadia
* Colponemidia
* Myzozoa

|

Stramenopiles
(heterokonts)|

* Bicosoecea
* Bigyromonadea
* Hyphochytrea
* Ochrophyta
* Peronosporomycota
* Pirsoniomycota
* Placidozoa
* Platysulcea
* Sagenista

Rhizaria|

* Filosa
* Phytomyxea
* Retaria
* Ectoreta
* Marimyxia
* Vampyrellidea

* Telonemia

Discoba|

| Eolouka|

* Jakobea
* Tsukubea

|

Discicristata|

* Euglenozoa
* Percolozoa

Loukozoa|

* Ancyromonadida
* Malawimonadea
* Metamonada (Anaeromonada, Trichozoa)

Podiata|

| Amorphea
(unikonts)|

| Amoebozoa|

* Conosa (Archamoebae, Semiconosia)
* Lobosa (Cutosea, Discosea, Tubulinea)

|

Obazoa|

* Apusomonadida
* Breviatea

Opisthokonta|

| Holomycota|

* Cristidiscoidea
* Zoosporia
* Opisthosporidia
* True fungi

|

Holozoa|

* Ichthyosporea
* Pluriformea
* Syssomonas
* Corallochytrea

Filozoa|

* Choanoflagellates
* Filasterea
* Metazoa or Animals

CRuMs|

* Collodictyonidae
* Mantamonadidae
* Rigifilida

Hemimastigophora|

* Spironemidae

Incertae sedis|

* †Acritarchs
* †Charnia
* †Gakarusia
* †Galaxiopsis
* †Grypania
* †Leptoteichos

Major kingdoms are underlined. See also: protist. Sources and alternative views: Wikispecies.

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