Interactive evolutionary computation

Interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) or aesthetic selection is a general term for methods of evolutionary computation that use human evaluation. Usually human evaluation is necessary when the form of fitness function is not known (for example, visual appeal or attractiveness; as in Dawkins, 1986[1]) or the result of optimization should fit a particular user preference (for example, taste of coffee or color set of the user interface).

## Contents

* 1 IEC design issues
* 2 IEC types
* 2.1 IGA
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## IEC design issues

The number of evaluations that IEC can receive from one human user is limited by user fatigue which was reported by many researchers as a major problem. In addition, human evaluations are slow and expensive as compared to fitness function computation. Hence, one-user IEC methods should be designed to converge using a small number of evaluations, which necessarily implies very small populations. Several methods were proposed by researchers to speed up convergence, like interactive constrain evolutionary search (user intervention) or fitting user preferences using a convex function.[2] IEC human–computer interfaces should be carefully designed in order to reduce user fatigue. There is also evidence that the addition of computational agents can successfully counteract user fatigue.[3]

However IEC implementations that can concurrently accept evaluations from many users overcome the limitations described above. An example of this approach is an interactive media installation by Karl Sims that allows one to accept preferences from many visitors by using floor sensors to evolve attractive 3D animated forms. Some of these multi-user IEC implementations serve as collaboration tools, for example HBGA.

## IEC types

IEC methods include interactive evolution strategy,[4] interactive genetic algorithm,[5][6] interactive genetic programming,[7][8][9] and human-based genetic algorithm.[10]

### IGA

An interactive genetic algorithm (IGA) is defined as a genetic algorithm that uses human evaluation. These algorithms belong to a more general category of Interactive evolutionary computation. The main application of these techniques include domains where it is hard or impossible to design a computational fitness function, for example, evolving images, music, various artistic designs and forms to fit a user's aesthetic preferences.[11] Interactive computation methods can use different representations, both linear (as in traditional genetic algorithms) and tree-like ones (as in genetic programming).

## See also

* Evolutionary art
* Human-based evolutionary computation
* Human-based genetic algorithm
* Human–computer interaction
* Karl Sims
* Electric Sheep
* SCM-Synthetic Curriculum Modeling
* User review

## References

1. ↑ Dawkins, R. (1986). The Blind Watchmaker. Longman.
2. ↑ Takagi, H. (2001). "Interactive Evolutionary Computation: Fusion of the Capacities of EC Optimization and Human Evaluation". Proceedings of the IEEE 89 (9): 1275–1296. doi:10.1109/5.949485. http://www.design.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~takagi/TAKAGI/IECpaper/ProcIEEE_3.pdf.
3. ↑ Kruse, J.; Connor, A.M. (2015). "Multi-agent evolutionary systems for the generation of complex virtual worlds". EAI Endorsed Transactions on Creative Technologies 15 (5). doi:10.4108/eai.20-10-2015.150099.
4. ↑ Herdy, M. (1997), Evolutionary Optimisation based on Subjective Selection – evolving blends of coffee. Proceedings 5th European Congress on Intelligent Techniques and Soft Computing (EUFIT'97); pp 2010-644.
5. ↑ *Caldwell, C. and Johnston, V.S. (1991), Tracking a Criminal Suspect through "Face-Space" with a Genetic Algorithm, in Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Genetic Algorithm, Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, pp.416-421, July 1991
6. ↑ Milani, A. (2004). "Online Genetic Algorithms". International Journal of Information Theories and Applications 11: 20–28. http://sci-gems.math.bas.bg/jspui/bitstream/10525/838/1/ijita11-1-p04.pdf.
7. ↑ Sims, K. (1991). "Artificial Evolution for Computer Graphics". Computer Graphics 25 (4): 319–328. doi:10.1145/127719.122752.
8. ↑ Sims, K. (1991), Interactive Evolution of Dynamical Systems. First European Conference on Artificial Life, MIT Press
9. ↑ Unemi, T. (2000). SBART 2.4: an IEC tool for creating 2D images, Movies and Collage, Proceedings of 2000 Genetic and Evolutionary Computational Conference workshop program, Las Vegas, Nevada, July 8, 2000, p.153
10. ↑ Kosorukoff, A. (2001). "Human based genetic algorithm". 2001 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. E-Systems and e-Man for Cybernetics in Cyberspace (Cat.No.01CH37236). 5. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. pp. 3464–3469. doi:10.1109/ICSMC.2001.972056. ISBN 978-0-7803-7087-6.
11. ↑ khan, Shahroz; Gunpinar, Erkan; Sener, Bakir (2019). "GenYacht: An interactive generative design system for computer-aided yacht hull design". Ocean Engineering 191. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106462. https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/70007/.

* Banzhaf, W. (1997), Interactive Evolution, Entry C2.9, in: Handbook of Evolutionary Computation, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0750308953

## External links

* "EndlessForms.com, Collaborative interactive evolution allowing you to evolve 3D objects and have them 3D printed". http://endlessforms.com/.
* "Art by Evolution on the Web Interactive Art Generator". http://eartweb.vanhemert.co.uk/.
* "Facial composite system using interactive genetic algorithms". http://www.visionmetric.com.
* "Galapagos by Karl Sims". http://www.karlsims.com/galapagos/.
* "E-volver". http://www.xs4all.nl/~notnot/E-volverLUMC/E-volverLUMC.html.
* "SBART, a program to evolve 2D images". http://www.intlab.soka.ac.jp/~unemi/sbart.
* "GenJam (Genetic Jammer)". https://genjam.org.
* "Evolutionary music". http://www.timblackwell.com/.
* "Darwin poetry". http://www.codeasart.com/poetry/darwin.html.
* "Takagi Lab at Kyushu University". http://www.design.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~takagi/TAKAGI/takagiLab.html.
* "Interactive one-max problem allows to compare the performance of interactive and human-based genetic algorithms". http://www.derrickcheng.com/Project/HBGA. .
* "Webpage that uses interactive evolutionary computation with a generative design algorithm to generate 2d images". http://panmental.de/idiofact.
* "Picbreeder service, Collaborative interactive evolution allowing branching from other users' creations that produces pictures like faces and spaceships". http://picbreeder.org/.
* "Peer to Peer IGA Using collaborative IGA sessions for floorplanning and document design". http://www.cse.unr.edu/~quiroz/.

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Evolutionary computation

Main Topics|

* Convergence (evolutionary computing)
* Evolutionary algorithm
* Evolutionary data mining
* Evolutionary multimodal optimization
* Human-based evolutionary computation
* Interactive evolutionary computation

Algorithms|

* Cellular evolutionary algorithm
* Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES)
* Differential evolution
* Evolutionary programming
* Genetic algorithm
* Genetic programming
* Gene expression programming
* Evolution strategy
* Natural evolution strategy
* Neuroevolution
* Learning classifier system

Related techniques|

* Swarm intelligence
* Ant colony optimization
* Bees algorithm
* Cuckoo search
* Particle swarm optimization
* Bacterial Colony Optimization

Metaheuristic methods|

* Grey Wolf Optimizer
* Firefly algorithm
* Harmony search
* Gaussian adaptation
* Memetic algorithm

Related topics|

* Artificial development
* Artificial intelligence
* Artificial life
* Digital organism
* Evolutionary robotics
* Fitness function
* Fitness landscape
* Fitness approximation
* Genetic operators
* Interactive evolutionary computation
* No free lunch in search and optimization
* Machine learning
* Mating pool
* Program synthesis

Journals|

* Evolutionary Computation (journal)

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