Isotopes of barium

Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 56 but with different mass numbers

Naturally occurring barium (56Ba) is a mix of six stable isotopes and one very long-lived radioactive primordial isotope, barium-130, identified as being unstable by geochemical means (from analysis of the presence of its daughter xenon-130 in rocks) in 2001.[1] This nuclide decays by double electron capture (absorbing two electrons and emitting two neutrinos), with a half-life of (0.5–2.7)×1021 years (about 1011 times the age of the universe).

There are a total of thirty-three known radioisotopes in addition to 130Ba. The longest-lived of these is 133Ba, which has a half-life of 10.51 years. All other radioisotopes have half-lives shorter than two weeks. The longest-lived isomer is 133mBa, which has a half-life of 38.9 hours. The shorter-lived 137mBa (half-life 2.55 minutes) arises as the decay product of the common fission product caesium-137.

Barium-114 is predicted to undergo cluster decay, emitting a nucleus of stable 12C to produce 102Sn. However this decay is not yet observed; the upper limit on the branching ratio of such decay is 0.0034%.

## List of isotopes

Template:Anchor (or Anchors): too many anchors, maximum is ten

Nuclide
[n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life
| Decay
mode
[n 4] | Daughter
isotope
[n 5][n 6] | Spin and
parity
[n 7][n 8] | Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)

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Excitation energy  | Normal proportion  | Range of variation
114Ba  | 56  | 58  | 113.95072(11)  | 530(230) ms
[0.43(+30−15) s]  | β+, p (99.59%)  | 113Xe  | 0+  |  |
α (.37%)  | 110Xe
β+ (.04%)  | 114Cs
CD (<.0034%)[n 9] | 102Sn, 12C
115Ba  | 56  | 59  | 114.94748(22)#  | 0.45(5) s  | β+ | 115Cs  | (5/2+)#  |  |
β+, p  | 114Xe
116Ba  | 56  | 60  | 115.94162(22)#  | 1.3(2) s  | β+ | 116Cs  | 0+  |  |
β+, p  | 115Xe
117Ba  | 56  | 61  | 116.93832(27)  | 1.75(7) s  | β+ | 117Cs  | (3/2)(+#)  |  |
β+, α  | 113I
β+, p  | 116Xe
118Ba  | 56  | 62  | 117.93323(22)#  | 5.2(2) s  | β+ | 118Cs  | 0+  |  |
β+, p  | 117Xe
119Ba  | 56  | 63  | 118.93066(21)  | 5.4(3) s  | β+ | 119Cs  | (5/2+)  |  |
β+, p  | 118Xe
120Ba  | 56  | 64  | 119.92604(32)  | 24(2) s  | β+ | 120Cs  | 0+  |  |
121Ba  | 56  | 65  | 120.92405(15)  | 29.7(15) s  | β+ (99.98%)  | 121Cs  | 5/2(+)  |  |
β+, p (.02%)  | 120Xe
122Ba  | 56  | 66  | 121.91990(3)  | 1.95(15) min  | β+ | 122Cs  | 0+  |  |
123Ba  | 56  | 67  | 122.918781(13)  | 2.7(4) min  | β+ | 123Cs  | 5/2(+)  |  |
124Ba  | 56  | 68  | 123.915094(13)  | 11.0(5) min  | β+ | 124Cs  | 0+  |  |
125Ba  | 56  | 69  | 124.914472(12)  | 3.5(4) min  | β+ | 125Cs  | 1/2(+#)  |  |
126Ba  | 56  | 70  | 125.911250(13)  | 100(2) min  | β+ | 126Cs  | 0+  |  |
127Ba  | 56  | 71  | 126.911091(12)  | 12.7(4) min  | β+ | 127Cs  | 1/2+  |  |
127mBa  | 80.33(12) keV  | 1.9(2) s  | IT  | 127Ba  | 7/2−  |  |
128Ba  | 56  | 72  | 127.9083524(17)  | 2.43(5) d  | β+ | 128Cs  | 0+  |  |
129Ba  | 56  | 73  | 128.908683(11)  | 2.23(11) h  | β+ | 129Cs  | 1/2+  |  |
129mBa  | 8.42(6) keV  | 2.16(2) h  | β+ | 129Cs  | 7/2+#  |  |
IT  | 129Ba
130Ba[n 10] | 56  | 74  | 129.9063260(3)  | 1.6(±1.1)×1021 y | Double EC | 130Xe | 0+  | 0.00106(1)  |
130mBa  | 2475.12(18) keV  | 9.54(14) ms  | IT  | 130Ba | 8−  |  |
131Ba  | 56  | 75  | 130.9069463(4)  | 11.50(6) d  | β+ | 131Cs  | 1/2+  |  |
131mBa  | 187.14(12) keV  | 14.6(2) min  | IT  | 131Ba  | 9/2−  |  |
132Ba  | 56  | 76  | 131.9050612(11)  | Observationally Stable[n 11] | 0+  | 0.00101(1)  |
133Ba  | 56  | 77  | 132.9060074(11)  | 10.51(5) y  | EC  | 133Cs | 1/2+  |  |
133mBa  | 288.247(9) keV  | 38.9(1) h  | IT (99.99%)  | 133Ba  | 11/2−  |  |
EC (.0096%)  | 133Cs
134Ba  | 56  | 78  | 133.90450825(27)  | Stable | 0+  | 0.02417(18)  |
135Ba  | 56  | 79  | 134.90568845(26)  | Stable | 3/2+  | 0.06592(12)  |
135mBa  | 268.22(2) keV  | 28.7(2) h  | IT  | 135Ba | 11/2−  |  |
136Ba  | 56  | 80  | 135.90457580(26)  | Stable | 0+  | 0.07854(24)  |
136mBa  | 2030.466(18) keV  | 308.4(19) ms  | IT  | 136Ba | 7−  |  |
137Ba  | 56  | 81  | 136.90582721(27)  | Stable | 3/2+  | 0.11232(24)  |
137m1Ba  | 661.659(3) keV  | 2.552(1) min  | IT  | 137Ba | 11/2−  |  |
137m2Ba  | 2349.1(4) keV  | 0.59(10) µs  |  |  | (17/2−)  |  |
138Ba[n 12] | 56  | 82  | 137.90524706(27)  | Stable | 0+  | 0.71698(42)  |
138mBa  | 2090.54(6) keV  | 800(100) ns  |  |  | 6+  |  |
139Ba[n 12] | 56  | 83  | 138.90884116(27)  | 83.06(28) min  | β− | 139La | 7/2−  |  |
140Ba[n 12] | 56  | 84  | 139.910608(8)  | 12.752(3) d  | β− | 140La  | 0+  |  |
141Ba[n 12] | 56  | 85  | 140.914404(6)  | 18.27(7) min  | β− | 141La  | 3/2−  |  |
142Ba[n 12] | 56  | 86  | 141.916433(6)  | 10.6(2) min  | β− | 142La  | 0+  |  |
143Ba[n 12] | 56  | 87  | 142.920625(7)  | 14.5(3) s  | β− | 143La  | 5/2−  |  |
144Ba[n 12] | 56  | 88  | 143.922955(8)  | 11.5(2) s  | β− | 144La  | 0+  |  |
145Ba  | 56  | 89  | 144.927518(9)  | 4.31(16) s  | β− | 145La  | 5/2−  |  |
146Ba  | 56  | 90  | 145.9303632(19)  | 2.22(7) s  | β− (99.98%)  | 146La  | 0+  |  |
β−, n (.02%)  | 145La
147Ba  | 56  | 91  | 146.935304(21)  | 0.893(1) s  | β− (99.94%)  | 147La  | (3/2+)  |  |
β−, n (.06%)  | 146La
148Ba  | 56  | 92  | 147.9382230(16)  | 0.612(17) s  | β− (99.6%)  | 148La  | 0+  |  |
β−, n (.4%)  | 147La
149Ba  | 56  | 93  | 148.9432840(27)  | 344(7) ms  | β− (99.57%)  | 149La  | 3/2−#  |  |
β−, n (.43%)  | 148La
150Ba  | 56  | 94  | 149.946441(6)  | 300 ms  | β− | 150La  | 0+  |  |
β−, n (rare)  | 149La
151Ba  | 56  | 95  | 150.95176(43)#  | 200# ms [>300 ns]  | β− | 151La  | 3/2−#  |  |
152Ba  | 56  | 96  | 151.95533(43)#  | 100# ms  | β− | 152La  | 0+  |  |
153Ba  | 56  | 97  | 152.96085(43)#  | 80# ms  | β− | 153La  | 5/2−#  |  |
154Ba  | 56  | 98  | 153.96466(54)#  | 53(48) ms  | β− | 154La  | 0+  |  |

1. ↑ mBa - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ↑ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ↑ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ↑ Modes of decay:  CD: | Cluster decay

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EC: | Electron capture
IT: | Isomeric transition
n: | Neutron emission
p: | Proton emission
5. ↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter - Daughter product is nearly stable.
6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
7. ↑ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
8. ↑ # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
9. ↑ Cluster decay is predicted but had never been observed.
10. ↑ Primordial radioisotope
11. ↑ Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 132Xe with a half-life over 300×1018 years
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 Fission product

## References

1. ↑ Meshik, A.P.; Hohenberg, C.M.; Pravdivtseva, O.V.; Kapusta, Y.S. (2001). "Weak decay of 130Ba and 132Ba: Geochemical measurements". Physical Review C 64 (3): 035205–1–035205–6. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205. Bibcode: 2001PhRvC..64c5205M. https://zenodo.org/record/1063702.

* Isotope masses from:
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
* Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
* National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
* Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
* Half-life of 130Ba from:
* A. P. Meshik; C. M. Hohenberg; O. V. Pravdivtseva; Ya. S. Kapusta (2001). "Weak decay of 130Ba and 132Ba: Geochemical measurements". Physical Review C 64 (3): 035205 [6 pages]. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035205. Bibcode: 2001PhRvC..64c5205M. https://zenodo.org/record/1063702.
* M. Pujol; B. Marty; P. Burnard; P. Philippot (2009). "Xenon in Archean barite: Weak decay of 130Ba, mass-dependent isotopic fractionation and implication for barite formation". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73 (22): 6834–6846. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.002. Bibcode: 2009GeCoA..73.6834P.

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Isotopes of the chemical elements

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