Isotopes of iridium

Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 77 but with different mass numbers

Main isotopes of Chemistry:iridium (77Ir) | Iso­tope | Decay

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| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
188Ir  | syn | 1.73 d  | ε | 188Os
189Ir  | syn  | 13.2 d  | ε  | 189Os
190Ir  | syn  | 11.8 d  | ε  | 190Os
191Ir  | 37.3%  | stable
192Ir  | syn  | 73.827 d  | β− | 192Pt
ε  | 192Os
192m2Ir  | syn  | 241 y  | IT | 192Ir
193Ir  | 62.7%  | stable
193mIr  | syn  | 10.5 d  | IT  | 193Ir
194Ir  | syn  | 19.3 h  | β− | 194Pt
194m2Ir  | syn  | 171 d  | IT  | 194Ir
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Ir)|

* 192.217(3)[1]

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There are two natural isotopes of iridium (77Ir), and 37 radioisotopes, the most stable radioisotope being 192Ir with a half-life of 73.83 days, and many nuclear isomers, the most stable of which is 192m2Ir with a half-life of 241 years. All other isomers have half-lives under a year, most under a day. All isotopes of iridium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.[2]

## Contents

* 1 List of isotopes
* 2 Iridium-192
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## List of isotopes

Nuclide[3]
[n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (u)[4]
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life
[n 4] | Decay
mode
[n 5] | Daughter
isotope
[n 6][n 7] | Spin and
parity
[n 8][n 4] | Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)

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Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion  | Range of variation
164Ir[5] | 77  | 87  | 163.99220(44)#  | <0.5 µs  | p?  | 163Os  | 2−#  |  |
164mIr  | 270(110)# keV  | 70(10) µs  | p (96%)  | 163Os  | 9+#  |  |
α (4%)  | 160mRe
165Ir  | 77  | 88  | 164.98752(23)#  | 1.20+0.82
−0.74 μs[6] | p  | 164Os  | (1/2+)  |  |
165mIr[7] | ~255 keV  | 340(40) µs  | p (88%)  | 164Os  | (11/2−)  |  |
α (12%)  | 161mRe
166Ir  | 77  | 89  | 165.98582(22)#  | 10.5(22) ms  | α (93%)  | 162Re  | (2−)  |  |
p (7%)  | 165Os
166mIr  | 172(6) keV  | 15.1(9) ms  | α (98.2%)  | 162Re  | (9+)  |  |
p (1.8%)  | 165Os
167Ir  | 77  | 90  | 166.981665(20)  | 35.2(20) ms  | α (48%)  | 163Re  | 1/2+  |  |
p (32%)  | 166Os
β+ (20%)  | 167Os
167mIr  | 175.3(22) keV  | 30.0(6) ms  | α (80%)  | 163Re  | 11/2−  |  |
β+ (20%)  | 167Os
p (.4%)  | 166Os
168Ir  | 77  | 91  | 167.97988(16)#  | 161(21) ms  | α  | 164Re  | (2-)  |  |
β+ (rare)  | 168Os
168mIr  | 50(100)# keV  | 125(40) ms  | α  | 164Re  | (9+)  |  |
169Ir  | 77  | 92  | 168.976295(28)  | 780(360) ms
[0.64(+46−24) s]  | α  | 165Re  | (1/2+)  |  |
β+ (rare)  | 169Os
169mIr  | 154(24) keV  | 308(22) ms  | α (72%)  | 165Re  | (11/2−)  |  |
β+ (28%)  | 169Os
170Ir  | 77  | 93  | 169.97497(11)#  | 910(150) ms
[0.87(+18−12) s]  | β+ (64%)  | 170Os  | low#  |  |
α (36%)  | 166Re
170mIr  | 160(50)# keV  | 440(60) ms  | α (36%)  | 166Re  | (8+)  |  |
β+ | 170Os
IT  | 170Ir
171Ir  | 77  | 94  | 170.97163(4)  | 3.6(10) s
[3.2(+13−7) s]  | α (58%)  | 167Re  | 1/2+  |  |
β+ (42%)  | 171Os
171mIr  | 180(30)# keV  | 1.40(10) s  |  |  | (11/2−)  |  |
172Ir  | 77  | 95  | 171.970610(30)  | 4.4(3) s  | β+ (98%)  | 172Os  | (3+)  |  |
α (2%)  | 168Re
172mIr  | 280(100)# keV  | 2.0(1) s  | β+ (77%)  | 172Os  | (7+)  |  |
α (23%)  | 168Re
173Ir  | 77  | 96  | 172.967502(15)  | 9.0(8) s  | β+ (93%)  | 173Os  | (3/2+,5/2+)  |  |
α (7%)  | 169Re
173mIr  | 253(27) keV  | 2.20(5) s  | β+ (88%)  | 173Os  | (11/2−)  |  |
α (12%)  | 169Re
174Ir  | 77  | 97  | 173.966861(30)  | 7.9(6) s  | β+ (99.5%)  | 174Os  | (3+)  |  |
α (.5%)  | 170Re
174mIr  | 193(11) keV  | 4.9(3) s  | β+ (99.53%)  | 174Os  | (7+)  |  |
α (.47%)  | 170Re
175Ir  | 77  | 98  | 174.964113(21)  | 9(2) s  | β+ (99.15%)  | 175Os  | (5/2−)  |  |
α (.85%)  | 171Re
176Ir  | 77  | 99  | 175.963649(22)  | 8.3(6) s  | β+ (97.9%)  | 176Os  |  |  |
α (2.1%)  | 172Re
177Ir  | 77  | 100  | 176.961302(21)  | 30(2) s  | β+ (99.94%)  | 177Os  | 5/2−  |  |
α (.06%)  | 173Re
178Ir  | 77  | 101  | 177.961082(21)  | 12(2) s  | β+ | 178Os  |  |  |
179Ir  | 77  | 102  | 178.959122(12)  | 79(1) s  | β+ | 179Os  | (5/2)−  |  |
180Ir  | 77  | 103  | 179.959229(23)  | 1.5(1) min  | β+ | 180Os  | (4,5)(+#)  |  |
181Ir  | 77  | 104  | 180.957625(28)  | 4.90(15) min  | β+ | 181Os  | (5/2)−  |  |
182Ir  | 77  | 105  | 181.958076(23)  | 15(1) min  | β+ | 182Os  | (3+)  |  |
183Ir  | 77  | 106  | 182.956846(27)  | 57(4) min  | β+ ( 99.95%)  | 183Os  | 5/2−  |  |
α (.05%)  | 179Re
184Ir  | 77  | 107  | 183.95748(3)  | 3.09(3) h  | β+ | 184Os | 5−  |  |
184m1Ir  | 225.65(11) keV  | 470(30) µs  |  |  | 3+  |  |
184m2Ir  | 328.40(24) keV  | 350(90) ns  |  |  | (7)+  |  |
185Ir  | 77  | 108  | 184.95670(3)  | 14.4(1) h  | β+ | 185Os  | 5/2−  |  |
186Ir  | 77  | 109  | 185.957946(18)  | 16.64(3) h  | β+ | 186Os | 5+  |  |
186mIr  | 0.8(4) keV  | 1.92(5) h  | β+ | 186Os | 2−  |  |
IT (rare)  | 186Ir
187Ir  | 77  | 110  | 186.957363(7)  | 10.5(3) h  | β+ | 187Os | 3/2+  |  |
187m1Ir  | 186.15(4) keV  | 30.3(6) ms  | IT  | 187Ir  | 9/2−  |  |
187m2Ir  | 433.81(9) keV  | 152(12) ns  |  |  | 11/2−  |  |
188Ir  | 77  | 111  | 187.958853(8)  | 41.5(5) h  | β+ | 188Os | 1−  |  |
188mIr  | 970(30) keV  | 4.2(2) ms  | IT  | 188Ir  | 7+#  |  |
β+ (rare)  | 188Os
189Ir  | 77  | 112  | 188.958719(14)  | 13.2(1) d  | EC | 189Os | 3/2+  |  |
189m1Ir  | 372.18(4) keV  | 13.3(3) ms  | IT  | 189Ir  | 11/2−  |  |
189m2Ir  | 2333.3(4) keV  | 3.7(2) ms  |  |  | (25/2)+  |  |
190Ir  | 77  | 113  | 189.9605460(18)  | 11.78(10) d  | β+ | 190Os | 4−  |  |
190m1Ir  | 26.1(1) keV  | 1.120(3) h  | IT  | 190Ir  | (1−)  |  |
190m2Ir  | 36.154(25) keV  | >2 µs  |  |  | (4)+  |  |
190m3Ir  | 376.4(1) keV  | 3.087(12) h  |  |  | (11)−  |  |
191Ir  | 77  | 114  | 190.9605940(18)  | Observationally Stable[n 9] | 3/2+  | 0.373(2)  |
191m1Ir  | 171.24(5) keV  | 4.94(3) s  | IT  | 191Ir | 11/2−  |  |
191m2Ir  | 2120(40) keV  | 5.5(7) s  |  |  |  |  |
192Ir | 77  | 115  | 191.9626050(18)  | 73.827(13) d  | β− (95.24%)  | 192Pt | 4+  |  |
EC (4.76%)  | 192Os
192m1Ir  | 56.720(5) keV  | 1.45(5) min  |  |  | 1−  |  |
192m2Ir  | 168.14(12) keV  | 241(9) y  |  |  | (11−)  |  |
193Ir  | 77  | 116  | 192.9629264(18)  | Observationally Stable[n 10] | 3/2+  | 0.627(2)  |
193mIr  | 80.240(6) keV  | 10.53(4) d  | IT  | 193Ir | 11/2−  |  |
194Ir  | 77  | 117  | 193.9650784(18)  | 19.28(13) h  | β− | 194Pt | 1−  |  |
194m1Ir  | 147.078(5) keV  | 31.85(24) ms  | IT  | 194Ir  | (4+)  |  |
194m2Ir  | 370(70) keV  | 171(11) d  |  |  | (10,11)(−#)  |  |
195Ir  | 77  | 118  | 194.9659796(18)  | 2.5(2) h  | β− | 195Pt | 3/2+  |  |
195mIr  | 100(5) keV  | 3.8(2) h  | β− (95%)  | 195Pt  | 11/2−  |  |
IT (5%)  | 195Ir
196Ir  | 77  | 119  | 195.96840(4)  | 52(1) s  | β− | 196Pt | (0−)  |  |
196mIr  | 210(40) keV  | 1.40(2) h  | β− (99.7%)  | 196Pt | (10,11−)  |  |
IT  | 196Ir
197Ir  | 77  | 120  | 196.969653(22)  | 5.8(5) min  | β− | 197Pt  | 3/2+  |  |
197mIr  | 115(5) keV  | 8.9(3) min  | β− (99.75%)  | 197Pt  | 11/2−  |  |
IT (.25%)  | 197Ir
198Ir  | 77  | 121  | 197.97228(21)#  | 8(1) s  | β− | 198Pt |  |  |
199Ir  | 77  | 122  | 198.97380(4)  | 7(5) s  | β− | 199Pt  | 3/2+#  |  |
199mIr  | 130(40)# keV  | 235(90) ns  | IT  | 199Ir  | 11/2−#  |  |
200Ir  | 77  | 123  | 199.976800(210)#  | 43(6) s  | β− | 200Pt  | (2-, 3-)  |  |
201Ir  | 77  | 124  | 200.978640(210)#  | 21(5) s  | β− | 201Pt  | (3/2+)  |  |
202Ir  | 77  | 125  | 201.981990(320)#  | 11(3) s  | β− | 202Pt  | (2-)  |  |
202mIr  | 2000(1000)# keV  | 3.4(0.6) µs  | IT  | 202Ir  |  |  |

1. ↑ mIr - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ↑ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ↑ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. ↑ Modes of decay:  EC: | Electron capture

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IT: | Isomeric transition

p: | Proton emission
6. ↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter - Daughter product is nearly stable.
7. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
8. ↑ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 187Re
10. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 189Re

## Iridium-192

Iridium-192 (symbol 192Ir) is a radioactive isotope of iridium, with a half-life of 73.83 days.[8] It decays by emitting beta (β) particles and gamma (γ) radiation. About 96% of 192Ir decays occur via emission of β and γ radiation, leading to 192Pt. Some of the β particles are captured by other 192Ir nuclei, which are then converted to 192Os. Electron capture is responsible for the remaining 4% of 192Ir decays.[9] Iridium-192 is normally produced by neutron activation of natural-abundance iridium metal.[10]

Iridium-192 is a very strong gamma ray emitter, with a gamma dose-constant of approximately 1.54 μSv·h−1·MBq−1 at 30 cm, and a specific activity of 341 TBq·g−1 (9.22 kCi·g−1).[11][12] There are seven principal energy packets produced during its disintegration process ranging from just over 0.2 to about 0.6 MeV.

The 192m2Ir isomer is unusual, both for its long half-life for an isomer, and that said half-life greatly exceeds that of the ground state of the same isotope.

## References

1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
2. ↑ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A. et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. Bibcode: 2019EPJA...55..140B.
3. ↑ Half-life, decay mode, nuclear spin, and isotopic composition is sourced in:
Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 41 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001. Bibcode: 2017ChPhC..41c0001A. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2016/NUBASE2016.pdf.
4. ↑ Wang, M.; Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Xu, X. (2017). "The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references". Chinese Physics C 41 (3): 030003-1—030003-442. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003. http://nuclearmasses.org/resources_folder/Wang_2017_Chinese_Phys_C_41_030003.pdf.
5. ↑ Drummond, M. C.; O'Donnell, D.; Page, R. D.; Joss, D. T.; Capponi, L.; Cox, D. M.; Darby, I. G.; Donosa, L. et al. (16 June 2014). "α decay of the π h 11 / 2 isomer in Ir 164" (in en). Physical Review C 89 (6): 064309. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064309. ISSN 0556-2813. Bibcode: 2014PhRvC..89f4309D. https://journals.aps.org/prc/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064309. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
6. ↑ Hilton, Joshua Ben. "Decays of new nuclides 169Au, 170Hg, 165Pt and the ground state of 165Ir discovered using MARA". University of Liverpool. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2448649087.
7. ↑ Drummond, M. C.; O'Donnell, D.; Page, R. D.; Joss, D. T.; Capponi, L.; Cox, D. M.; Darby, I. G.; Donosa, L. et al. (16 June 2014). "α decay of the π h 11 / 2 isomer in Ir 164" (in en). Physical Review C 89 (6): 064309. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064309. ISSN 0556-2813. Bibcode: 2014PhRvC..89f4309D. https://journals.aps.org/prc/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064309. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
8. ↑ "Radioisotope Brief: Iridium-192 (Ir-192)". http://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/isotopes/iridium.asp.
9. ↑ Baggerly, Leo L. (1956). The radioactive decay of Iridium-192 (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Pasadena, Calif.: California Institute of Technology. pp. 1, 2, 7. doi:10.7907/26VA-RB25.
10. ↑ "Isotope Supplier: Stable Isotopes and Radioisotopes from ISOFLEX - Iridium-192" (in en). https://www.isoflex.com/products/radioisotopes/iridium-isotopes.
11. ↑ Delacroix, D; Guerre, J P; Leblanc, P; Hickman, C (2002). "Radionuclide and Radiation Protection Data Handbook". 98 (2nd ed.). Ashford, Kent: Nuclear Technology Publishing. 9–168. doi:10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.RPD.A006705. ISBN 1870965876. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fbb1/7281dae98db83fe20df96b9d879c0c73b199.pdf.
12. ↑ Unger, L M; Trubey, D K (May 1982). ﻿Specific Gamma-Ray Dose Constants for Nuclides Important to Dosimetry and Radiological Assessment﻿ (Report). Oak Ridge National Laboratory. https://www.orau.org/documents/ivhp/health-physics/ornl-rsic-45.pdf.

* Isotope masses from:
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
* Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
* Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
* National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
* Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

## External links

* NLM Hazardous Substances Databank - Iridium, Radioactive (referring to iridium-192)

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