Isotopes of silver

Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 47 but with different mass numbers

Main isotopes of Chemistry:silver (47Ag) | Iso­tope | Decay

|

| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
105Ag  | syn | 41.2 d  | ε | 105Pd
γ | –
106mAg  | syn  | 8.28 d  | ε  | 106Pd
γ  | –
107Ag  | 51.839%  | stable
108mAg  | syn  | 418 y  | ε  | 108Pd
IT | 108Ag
γ  | –
109Ag  | 48.161%  | stable
110mAg  | syn  | 249.95 d  | β− | 110Cd
γ  | –
111Ag  | syn  | 7.45 d  | β− | 111Cd
γ  | –
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Ag)|

* 107.8682(2)[1]

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Naturally occurring silver (47Ag) is composed of the two stable isotopes 107Ag and 109Ag in almost equal proportions, with 107Ag being slightly more abundant (51.839% natural abundance). 40 radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being 105Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, 111Ag with a half-life of 7.43 days, and 112Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours.

All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than an hour, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 3 minutes. This element has numerous meta states, with the most stable being 108mAg (half-life 439 years), 110mAg (half-life 249.86 days) and 106mAg (half-life 8.28 days).

Isotopes of silver range in atomic weight from 91.960 u (92Ag) to 132.969 u (133Ag). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 107Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 107Ag are palladium (element 46) isotopes and the primary products after are cadmium (element 48) isotopes.

The palladium isotope 107Pd decays by beta emission to 107Ag with a half-life of 6.5 million years. Iron meteorites are the only objects with a high enough palladium/silver ratio to yield measurable variations in 107Ag abundance. Radiogenic 107Ag was first discovered in the Santa Clara meteorite in 1978.

The discoverers suggest that the coalescence and differentiation of iron-cored small planets may have occurred 10 million years after a nucleosynthetic event. 107Pd versus 107Ag correlations observed in bodies, which have clearly been melted since the accretion of the Solar System, must reflect the presence of live short-lived nuclides in the early Solar System.

## List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life
[n 4] | Decay
mode
[n 5] | Daughter
isotope
[n 6][n 7] | Spin and
parity
[n 8][n 4] | Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)

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Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion  | Range of variation
92Ag  | 47  | 45  | 91.95971(43)#  | 1# ms
[>400 ns]  | β+ | 92Pd  |  |  |
p | 91Pd
93Ag  | 47  | 46  | 92.95019(43)#  | 228(16) ns  | β+ | 93Pd  | 9/2+#  |  |
p | 92Pd
β+, p  | 92Rh
94Ag  | 47  | 47  | 93.94374(43)#  | 27(2) ms  | β+ (>99.8%)  | 94Pd  | 0+#  |  |
β+, p (<0.2%)  | 93Rh
94m1Ag  | 1350(400)# keV  | 470(10) ms  | β+ (83%)  | 94Pd  | (7+)  |  |
β+, p (17%)  | 93Rh
94m2Ag  | 6500(550)# keV  | 400(40) ms  | β+ (~68.4%)  | 94Pd  | (21+)  |  |
β+, p (~27%)  | 93Rh
p (4.1%)  | 93Pd
2p (0.5%)  | 92Rh
95Ag  | 47  | 48  | 94.93569(43)#  | 1.78(6) s  | β+ (97.7%)  | 95Pd  | (9/2+)  |  |
β+, p (2.3%)  | 94Rh
95m1Ag  | 344.2(3) keV  | <0.5 s  | IT  | 95Ag  | (1/2−)  |  |
95m2Ag  | 2531.3(15) keV  | <16 ms  | IT  | 95Ag  | (23/2+)  |  |
95m3Ag  | 4860.0(15) keV  | <40 ms  | IT  | 95Ag  | (37/2+)  |  |
96Ag  | 47  | 49  | 95.93074(10)  | 4.45(3) s  | β+ (95.8%)  | 96Pd  | (8+)  |  |
β+, p (4.2%)  | 95Rh
96m1Ag  | 0(50)# keV  | 6.9(5) s  | β+ (85.1%)  | 96Pd  | (2+)  |  |
β+, p (14.9%)  | 95Rh
96m2Ag  | 2461.4(3) keV  | 103.2(45) μs  | IT  | 96Ag  | (13-)  |  |
96m3Ag  | 2686.7(4) keV  | 1.561(16) μs  | IT  | 96Ag  | (15+)  |  |
96m4Ag  | 6951.8(14) keV  | 132(17) ns  | IT  | 96Ag  | (19+)  |  |
97Ag  | 47  | 50  | 96.923881(13)  | 25.5(3) s  | β+ | 97Pd  | (9/2+)  |  |
97mAg  | 620(40) keV  | 100# ms  |  |  | (1/2-#)  |  |
98Ag  | 47  | 51  | 97.92156(4)  | 47.5(3) s  | β+ (99.99%)  | 98Pd  | (6)+  |  |
β+, p (.0012%)  | 97Rh
98mAg  | 107.28(10) keV  | 161(7) ns  | IT  | 98Ag  | (4+)  |  |
99Ag  | 47  | 52  | 98.917646(7)  | 2.07(5) min  | β+ | 99Pd  | (9/2)+  |  |
99mAg  | 506.2(4) keV  | 10.5(5) s  | IT  | 99Ag  | (1/2−)  |  |
100Ag  | 47  | 53  | 99.916115(5)  | 2.01(9) min  | β+ | 100Pd  | (5)+  |  |
100mAg  | 15.52(16) keV  | 2.24(13) min  | IT  | 100Ag  | (2)+  |  |
β+ | 100Pd
101Ag  | 47  | 54  | 100.912684(5)  | 11.1(3) min  | β+ | 101Pd  | 9/2+  |  |
101mAg  | 274.1(3) keV  | 3.10(10) s  | IT  | 101Ag  | 1/2−  |  |
102Ag  | 47  | 55  | 101.911705(9)  | 12.9(3) min  | β+ | 102Pd | 5+  |  |
102mAg  | 9.40(7) keV  | 7.7(5) min  | β+ (51%)  | 102Pd | 2+  |  |
IT (49%)  | 102Ag
103Ag  | 47  | 56  | 102.908961(4)  | 65.7(7) min  | β+ | 103Pd  | 7/2+  |  |
103mAg  | 134.45(4) keV  | 5.7(3) s  | IT  | 103Ag  | 1/2−  |  |
104Ag  | 47  | 57  | 103.908624(5)  | 69.2(10) min  | β+ | 104Pd | 5+  |  |
104mAg  | 6.90(22) keV  | 33.5(20) min  | β+ (>99.93%)  | 104Pd | 2+  |  |
IT (<0.07%)  | 104Ag
105Ag  | 47  | 58  | 104.906526(5)  | 41.29(7) d  | β+ | 105Pd | 1/2−  |  |
105mAg  | 25.468(16) keV  | 7.23(16) min  | IT (99.66%)  | 105Ag  | 7/2+  |  |
β+ (.34%)  | 105Pd
106Ag  | 47  | 59  | 105.906663(3)  | 23.96(4) min  | β+ | 106Pd | 1+  |  |
β− (rare)  | 106Cd
106mAg  | 89.66(7) keV  | 8.28(2) d  | β+ | 106Pd | 6+  |  |
IT (rare)  | 106Ag
107Ag[n 9] | 47  | 60  | 106.9050915(26)  | Stable[n 10] | 1/2−  | 0.51839(8)  |
107mAg  | 93.125(19) keV  | 44.3(2) s  | IT  | 107Ag | 7/2+  |  |
108Ag  | 47  | 61  | 107.9059502(26)  | 2.382(11) min  | β− (97.15%)  | 108Cd | 1+  |  |
β+ (2.85%)  | 108Pd
108mAg  | 109.466(7) keV  | 439(9) y  | β+ (91.3%)  | 108Pd | 6+  |  |
IT (8.96%)  | 108Ag
109Ag[n 11] | 47  | 62  | 108.9047558(14)  | Stable[n 10] | 1/2−  | 0.48161(8)  |
109mAg  | 88.0337(10) keV  | 39.79(21) s  | IT  | 109Ag | 7/2+  |  |
110Ag  | 47  | 63  | 109.9061107(14)  | 24.56(11) s  | β− (99.7%)  | 110Cd | 1+  |  |
EC (.3%)  | 110Pd
110m1Ag  | 1.112(16) keV  | 660(40) ns  | IT  | 110Ag  | 2−  |  |
110m2Ag  | 117.59(5) keV  | 249.863(24) d  | β− (98.67%)  | 110Cd | 6+  |  |
IT (1.33%)  | 110Ag
111Ag[n 11] | 47  | 64  | 110.9052968(16)  | 7.433(10) d  | β− | 111Cd | 1/2−  |  |
111mAg  | 59.82(4) keV  | 64.8(8) s  | IT (99.3%)  | 111Ag  | 7/2+  |  |
β− (.7%)  | 111Cd
112Ag  | 47  | 65  | 111.9070485(26)  | 3.130(8) h  | β− | 112Cd | 2(−)  |  |
113Ag  | 47  | 66  | 112.906573(18)  | 5.37(5) h  | β− | 113mCd  | 1/2−  |  |
113mAg  | 43.50(10) keV  | 68.7(16) s  | IT (64%)  | 113Ag  | 7/2+  |  |
β− (36%)  | 113Cd
114Ag  | 47  | 67  | 113.908823(5)  | 4.6(1) s  | β− | 114Cd | 1+  |  |
114mAg  | 198.9(10) keV  | 1.50(5) ms  | IT  | 114Ag  | (6+)  |  |
115Ag  | 47  | 68  | 114.908767(20)  | 20.0(5) min  | β− | 115mCd  | 1/2−  |  |
115mAg  | 41.16(10) keV  | 18.0(7) s  | β− (79%)  | 115Cd  | 7/2+  |  |
IT (21%)  | 115Ag
116Ag  | 47  | 69  | 115.911387(4)  | 3.83(8) min  | β− | 116Cd | (0-)  |  |
116m1Ag  | 47.90(10) keV  | 20(1) s  | β− (93%)  | 116Cd | (3+)  |  |
IT (7%)  | 116Ag
116m2Ag  | 129.80(22) keV  | 9.3(3) s  | β− (92%)  | 116Cd | (6-)  |  |
IT (8%)  | 116Ag
117Ag  | 47  | 70  | 116.911774(15)  | 73.6(14) s  | β− | 117mCd  | 1/2−#  |  |
117mAg  | 28.6(2) keV  | 5.34(5) s  | β− (94%)  | 117mCd  | 7/2+#  |  |
IT (6%)  | 117Ag
118Ag  | 47  | 71  | 117.9145955(27)  | 3.76(15) s  | β− | 118Cd  | (2-)  |  |
118m1Ag  | 45.79(9) keV  | ~0.1 µs  | IT  | 118Ag  | 1(−) to 2(−)  |  |
118m2Ag  | 127.63(10) keV  | 2.0(2) s  | β− (59%)  | 118Cd  | (5+)  |  |
IT (41%)  | 118Ag
118m3Ag  | 279.37(20) keV  | ~0.1 µs  | IT  | 118Ag  | (3+)  |  |
119Ag  | 47  | 72  | 118.915570(16)  | 6.0(5) s  | β− | 119mCd  | 1/2−#  |  |
119mAg  | 20(20)# keV  | 2.1(1) s  | β− | 119Cd  | 7/2+#  |  |
120Ag  | 47  | 73  | 119.918785(5)  | 1.52(7) s  | β− (>99.997%)  | 120Cd  | 4(+)  |  |
β−, n (<.003%)  | 119Cd
120m1Ag  | 0(50)# keV  | 940(100) ms  |  |  | (0−, 1-)  |  |
120m2Ag  | 203.0(10) keV  | 384(22) ms  | IT (68%)  | 120Sn  | 7(−)  |  |
β− (32%)  | 120Cd
121Ag  | 47  | 74  | 120.920125(13)  | 777(10) ms  | β− (99.92%)  | 121Cd  | 7/2+#  |  |
β−, n (.076%)  | 120Cd
121mAg  | 20(20)# keV  | 200# ms  |  |  | 1/2-#  |  |
122Ag  | 47  | 75  | 121.92366(4)  | 529(13) ms  | β− (>99.814%)  | 122Cd  | (3+)  |  |
β−, n (.186%)  | 121Cd
122m1Ag  | 80(50)# keV  | 550(50) ms  | β− | 122Cd  | (1-)  |  |
β−, n (rare)  | 121Cd
IT (rare)  | 122Ag
122m2Ag  | 80(50)# keV  | 200(50) ms  | β− | 122Cd  | (9-)  |  |
β−, n (rare)  | 121Cd
IT (rare)  | 122Ag
122m3Ag  | 171(50)# keV  | 6.3(1) μs  | IT  | 122Ag  | (1+)  |  |
123Ag  | 47  | 76  | 122.92532(4)  | 294(5) ms  | β− (99.44%)  | 123Cd  | (7/2+)  |  |
β−, n (.56%)  | 122Cd
123m1Ag  | 59.5(5) keV  | 100# ms  | β− | 123Cd  | (1/2-)  |  |
β−, n (rare)  | 122Cd
123m2Ag  | 1450(14)# keV  | 202(20) ns  | IT  | 123Ag  |  |  |
123m3Ag  | 1472.8(8) keV  | 393(16) ns  | IT  | 123Ag  | (17/2-)  |  |
124Ag  | 47  | 77  | 123.92890(27)#  | 177.9(26) ms  | β− (98.7%)  | 124Cd  | (2-)  |  |
β−, n (1.3%)  | 123Cd
124m1Ag  | 50(50)# keV  | 144(20) ms  | β− | 124Cd  | 9-#  |  |
β−, n  | 123Cd
124m2Ag  | 155.6(5)# keV  | 140(50) ns  | IT  | 124Ag  | (1+)  |  |
124m3Ag  | 231.1(7)# keV  | 1.48(15) μs  | IT  | 124Ag  | (1-)  |  |
125Ag  | 47  | 78  | 124.93074(47)  | 160(5) ms  | β− (88.2%)  | 125Cd  | (9/2+)  |  |
β−, n (11.8%)  | 124Cd
125m1Ag  | 97.1(5)# keV  | 50# ms  |  |  | (1/2-)  |  |
125m2Ag  | 97.1(5)# keV  | 491(20) ns  |  |  | (17/2-)  |  |
126Ag  | 47  | 79  | 125.93481(22)#  | 52(10) ms  | β− (86.3%)  | 126Cd  | 3+#  |  |
β−, n (13.7%)  | 125Cd
126m1Ag  | 100(100)# keV  | 108.4(24) ms  |  |  | 9-#  |  |
126m2Ag  | 97.1(5)# keV  | 27(6) μs  | IT  | 126Ag  | 1-#  |  |
127Ag  | 47  | 80  | 126.93704(22)#  | 89(2) ms  | β− (85.4%)  | 127Cd  | (9/2+)  |  |
β−, n (14.6%)  | 126Cd
127m1Ag  | 20(20)# keV  | 20# ms  |  |  | (1/2-)  |  |
127m2Ag  | 1938(17) keV  | 67.5(9) ms  | β− (91.2%)  | 127Cd  | (27/2+)  |  |
IT (8.8%)  | 127Ag
128Ag  | 47  | 81  | 127.94127(32)#  | 60(3) ms  | β− (80%)  | 128Cd  | 3+#  |  |
β−, n (20%)  | 127Cd
129Ag  | 47  | 82  | 128.94432(43)#  | 49.9(35) ms  | β− (>80%)  | 129Cd  | 9/2+#  |  |
β−, n (<20%)  | 128Cd
129mAg  | 20(20)# keV  | 10# ms  |  |  | 1/2−#  |  |
130Ag  | 47  | 83  | 129.95073(46)#  | 40.6(45) ms  | β− | 130Cd  | 1-#  |  |
131Ag  | 47  | 84  | 130.95625(54)#  | 35(8) ms  | β− | 131Cd  | 9/2+#  |  |
β−, n  | 130Cd
β−, 2n  | 129Cd
132Ag  | 47  | 85  | 131.96307(54)#  | 30(14) ms  | β− | 132Cd  | 6-#  |  |
133Ag  | 47  | 86  | 132.96878(54)#  |  |  |  | 6-#  |  |

1. ↑ mAg - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ↑ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ↑ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. ↑ Modes of decay:  EC: | Electron capture

|

IT: | Isomeric transition
n: | Neutron emission
p: | Proton emission
6. ↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter - Daughter product is nearly stable.
7. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
8. ↑ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. ↑ Used to date certain events in the early history of the Solar System
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Theoretically capable of spontaneous fission
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Fission product

## References

1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

* Isotope masses from:
* Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
* Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf.
* Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
* Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
* Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf.
* National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
* Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

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* Categories: Isotopes
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