Langhian

15.97 – 13.82 Ma

PreЄ

Chronology

Template:Neogene graphical timeline

Formerly part of| Tertiary Period/System
Etymology
Name formality| Formal
Usage information
Celestial body| Earth
Regional usage| Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used| ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit| Age
Stratigraphic unit| Stage
Time span formality| Formal
Lower boundary definition| Not formally defined
Lower boundary definition candidates|

* Near top of magnetic polarity chronozone C5Cn.1n
* Near FAD of the Planktonic Foraminiferan Praeorbulina glomerosa

Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s)|

* La Vedova, Italy
* St. Peter's Pool, Malta
* Astronomically tuned ODP-core

Upper boundary definition| Mi3b Oxygen-isotopic event (Global cooling episode)
Upper boundary GSSP| Ras il Pellegrin section, Fomm ir-Riħ Bay, Malta
[ ⚑ ] 35°54′50″N 14°20′10″E﻿ / ﻿35.9139°N 14.3361°E﻿ / 35.9139; 14.3361
GSSP ratified| 2007[1]

The Langhian is, in the ICS geologic timescale, an age or stage in the middle Miocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma and 13.65 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) during the Middle Miocene.[2]

The Langhian was a continuing warming period[3] defined by Lorenzo Pareto in 1865, it was originally established in the Langhe area north of Ceva in northern Italy, hence the name. The Langhian is preceded by the Burdigalian and followed by the Serravallian Stage.

## Contents

* 1 Stratigraphic definition
* 2 Paleontology
* 2.1 Reptiles
* 2.2 Cartilaginous fish
* 2.3 Mammals
* 3 Climate
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 5.1 Footnotes
* 5.2 Literature
* 6 External links

## Stratigraphic definition

The base of the Langhian is defined by the first appearance of foraminifer species Praeorbulina glomerosa and is also coeval with the top of magnetic chronozone C5Cn.1n. A GSSP for the Langhian Stage was not yet established in 2009.

The top of the Langhian Stage (the base of the Serravallian Stage) is at the first occurrence of fossils of the nanoplankton species Sphenolithus heteromorphus and is located in magnetic chronozone C5ABr.

The Langhian is coeval with the Orleanian and Astaracian European Land Mammal Mega Zones (more precisely: with biozones MN5 and MN6, MN6 starts just below the Langhian-Serravallian boundary[4]), with the upper Hemingfordian to mid-Barstovian North American Land Mammal Ages,[2] with mid-Relizian to Luisian California n regional stages (the Luisian extends barely into the early Serravallian[2]), with the early-mid Badenian Paratethys stage of Central and eastern Europe,[4] with the Tozawan stage in Japan (which runs barely into the early Serravallian[2]), with the late Batesfordian through Balcombian to early Bairnsdalian Australia n stages[2] and with the mid-Cliffdenian to mid-Lillburnian New Zealand stages.[2]

## Paleontology

### Reptiles

* Turtles: Meiolania brevicollis

### Cartilaginous fish

Sharks, rays, skates and relatives

* Chlamydoselachidae: †Chlamydoselachus tobleri
* Hexanchidae: Hexanchus griseus (includes "H. andersoni" and "H. gigas"), Hexanchus nakamurai (includes "H. vitulus"), Notorynchus cepedianus (includes "N. kempi" and "N. primigenius")

Grizzled Giant Squirrel, Ratufa macroura. Its genus was probably already distinct in the Langhian.

### Mammals

* Perissodactyla
* Rhinocerotidae: †Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
* Rodentia
* Cricetidae: †Karydomys
* Sciuridae: †Palaeosciurus, ?Ratufa

## Climate

In August 2021, the 6th IPCC report indicated that global temperature was 4°C– 10°C warmer during the Miocene Climatic Optimum (16.9-14.7 Ma ago) than 1850-1900.[5]

## See also

* Middle Miocene disruption
* Nördlinger Ries impact crater

## References

### Footnotes

1. ↑ Hilgen, F. J.; H. A. Abels; S. Iaccarino; W. Krijgsman; I. Raffi; R. Sprovieri; E. Turco; W. J. Zachariasse (2009). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Serravallian Stage (Middle Miocene)". Episodes 32 (3): 152–166. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2009/v32i3/002. https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/serravallian.pdf. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 GeoWhen (2007)
3. ↑ Edward Petuch, Ph.D. Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences."FAU Department of Geosciences". http://www.geology.fau.edu/people/petuch.html. , Author, Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America. ISBN 0-8493-1632-4
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Palaeos (2003)
5. ↑ "AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis — IPCC". https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/.

### Literature

* Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
* Pareto, L.; 1865: Note sur les subdivisions que l'on pourrait établir dans les terrains tertaires de l'Apennin septentrional, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 2(22), p. 210-277. PDF Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist.

## External links

* GeoWhen Database - Langhian
* Neogene timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
* Neogene timescale at the website of the Norwegian network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy

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Geological history of Earth

Cenozoic era
(present–66.0 Mya)|

| Quaternary (present–2.588 Mya)|

* Holocene (present–11.784 kya)
* Pleistocene (11.784 kya–2.588 Mya)

|

Neogene (2.588–23.03 Mya)|

* Pliocene (2.588–5.333 Mya)
* Miocene (5.333–23.03 Mya)

Paleogene (23.03–66.0 Mya)|

* Oligocene (23.03–33.9 Mya)
* Eocene (33.9–56.0 Mya)
* Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Mya)

Mesozoic era
(66.0–251.902 Mya)|

| Cretaceous (66.0–145.0 Mya)|

* Late (66.0–100.5 Mya)
* Early (100.5–145.0 Mya)

|

Jurassic (145.0–201.3 Mya)|

* Late (145.0–163.5 Mya)
* Middle (163.5–174.1 Mya)
* Early (174.1–201.3 Mya)

Triassic (201.3–251.902 Mya)|

* Late (201.3–237 Mya)
* Middle (237–247.2 Mya)
* Early (247.2–251.902 Mya)

Paleozoic era
(251.902–541.0 Mya)|

| Permian (251.902–298.9 Mya)|

* Lopingian (251.902–259.8 Mya)
* Guadalupian (259.8–272.3 Mya)
* Cisuralian (272.3–298.9 Mya)

|

Carboniferous (298.9–358.9 Mya)|

* Pennsylvanian (298.9–323.2 Mya)
* Mississippian (323.2–358.9 Mya)

Devonian (358.9–419.2 Mya)|

* Late (358.9–382.7 Mya)
* Middle (382.7–393.3 Mya)
* Early (393.3–419.2 Mya)

Silurian (419.2–443.8 Mya)|

* Pridoli (419.2–423.0 Mya)
* Ludlow (423.0–427.4 Mya)
* Wenlock (427.4–433.4 Mya)
* Llandovery (433.4–443.8 Mya)

Ordovician (443.8–485.4 Mya)|

* Late (443.8–458.4 Mya)
* Middle (458.4–470.0 Mya)
* Early (470.0–485.4 Mya)

Cambrian (485.4–541.0 Mya)|

* Furongian (485.4–497 Mya)
* Miaolingian (497–509 Mya)
* Series 2 (509–521 Mya)
* Terreneuvian (521–541.0 Mya)

Proterozoic eon
(541.0 Mya–2.5 Gya)|

| Neoproterozoic (541.0 Mya–1 Gya)|

* Ediacaran (541.0–~635 Mya)
* Cryogenian (~635–~720 Mya)
* Tonian (~720 Mya–1 Gya)

|

Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Gya)|

* Stenian (1–1.2 Gya)
* Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Gya)
* Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Gya)

Paleoproterozoic (1.6–2.5 Gya)|

* Statherian (1.6–1.8 Gya)
* Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Gya)
* Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Gya)
* Siderian (2.3–2.5 Gya)

Archean eon (2.5–4 Gya)|

| Eras|

* Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Gya)
* Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Gya)
* Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Gya)
* Eoarchean (3.6–4 Gya)

|

Hadean eon (4–4.6 Gya)|

|  |

|

kya = thousands years ago. Mya = millions years ago. Gya = billions years ago.
See also: Geologic time scale

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