Maleae

Short description: Tribe of flowering plants

Maleae

Temporal range: Eocene \- recent[1]

PreЄ

Lindleya mespiloides in bloom
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Rosids
Order:  | Rosales
Family:  | Rosaceae
Subfamily:  | Amygdaloideae
Tribe:  | Maleae
Small 1933
Subtribes

* Lindleyinae
* Malinae

Synonyms

* Crataegeae Koehne 1890
* Kageneckieae Takhtajan 1997
* Lindleyieae Takhtajan 1997
* Pomeae A. Gray 1842
* Pyreae Baill.
* Sorbeae Koehne

The Maleae (incorrectly Pyreae) are the apple tribe in the rose family, Rosaceae. The group includes a number of plants bearing commercially important fruits, such as apples and pears, while others are cultivated as ornamentals. Older taxonomies separated some of this group as tribe Crataegeae,[2][3] as the Cydonia group (a tentative placement),[3] or some genera were placed in family Quillajaceae.[3]

The tribe consists exclusively of shrubs and small trees. Most have pomes, a type of accessory fruit that does not occur in other Rosaceae. All except Vauquelinia (with 15 chromosomes) have a basal haploid chromosome count of 17, instead of 7, 8, or 9 as in the other Rosaceae.[4]

There are approximately 28 genera that contain about 1100 species worldwide, with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

## Contents

* 1 Current classification
* 1.1 Core members of the group
* 1.2 Tribe Crataegeae
* 1.3 Former members of family Quillajaceae
* 2 The Cydonia group
* 3 References

## Current classification

### Core members of the group

A traditional circumscription of Maleae includes the following genera:[2][3][5][6]

* Amelanchier \- serviceberry, juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum
* Aria - whitebeam
* Aronia \- chokeberry
* Chaenomeles \- Japanese quince
* Chamaemeles
* Chamaemespilus \- false medlar
* Cormus \- service tree
* Cydonia \- quince
* Dichotomanthes
* Docynia
* Docyniopsis
* Eriobotrya -loquat
* Eriolobus
* Hesperomeles
* Heteromeles \- toyon
* Malacomeles \- false serviceberry
* Malus \- apple, crabapple
* Osteomeles
* Peraphyllum \- wild crab apple, squaw apple
* Phippsiomeles[7]
* Photinia
* Pourthiaea[7]
* Pseudocydonia \- Chinese quince
* Pyrus \- pear
* Rhaphiolepis \- hawthorn
* Sorbus (s.s.) \- rowan
* Stranvaesia[7]
* Torminalis \- chequer tree

intergeneric hybrids:[8][9]

* × Amelasorbus
* × Malosorbus
* × Sorbaronia
* × Sorbopyrus

and graft chimeras:
\+ Pyrocydonia (Pirocydonia)

### Tribe Crataegeae

A recent taxonomic treatment includes the following genera in Maleae that were earlier separated as tribe Crataegeae (or as intertribe hybrids):[10]

* Cotoneaster \- cotoneaster
* Crataegus \- hawthorn
* Mespilus \- medlar
* Pyracantha \- firethorn

intergeneric (including intertribal) hybrids:[8]

* × Crataemespilus
* × Crataegosorbus
* × Sorbocotoneaster

and the graft hybrid:

* \+ Crataegomespilus

### Former members of family Quillajaceae

The following genera were previously placed in tribe Quillajeae in Rosaceae, or in family Quillajaceae. Their fruit are dry capsules, not pomes.

* Kageneckia
* Vauquelinia
* Lindleya

## The Cydonia group

The Cydonia group within the Maloid Rosaceae was a tentative grouping of pome-fruited genera with many ovules (rather than just two) per carpel.[3] The genera involved were:

* Cydonia
* Chaenomeles
* Docynia
* Pseudocydonia

It is not yet clear whether this group is monophyletic within the Maleae. Molecular data indicate a close relationship between Cydonia and Pseudocydonia.[6] Multiple ovules per carpel also occur in Kageneckia, a non-pome-bearing genus.[6] Chloroplast DNA analysis, but not nuclear DNA, shows a tight relationship between Cydonia and Dichotomanthes, a non-pome-bearing genus.[6]

## References

1. ↑ "Rosales". http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/rosalesweb.htm.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 G. K. Schulze-Menz 1964. Reihe Rosales. in A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Kalkman, C. (2004). "Rosaceae". in K. Kubitzki. Flowering plants, dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. 6. Berlin: Springer. pp. 343–386.
4. ↑ Goldblatt, P. (1976). "Cytotaxonomic studies in the tribe Quillajeae (Rosaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 63 (1): 200–206. doi:10.2307/2395226. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/23791.
5. ↑ Sterling, C. (1965). "Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Rosaceae. V. Pomoideae: Amelanchier, Aronia, Malacomeles, Malus, Peraphyllum, Pyrus, Sorbus". American Journal of Botany 52 (4): 418–426. doi:10.2307/2440337.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Campbell, C.S.; Evans, R.C.; Morgan, D.R.; Dickinson, T.A.; Arsenault, M.P. (2007). "Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae (formerly the Maloideae, Rosaceae): Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history". Plant Systematics and Evolution 266 (1–2): 119–145. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0545-y.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Liu, B.B.; Hong, D.Y.; Zhou, S.L.; Xu, C.; Dong, W.P.; Johnson, G.; Wen, J. (2019). "Phylogenomic analyses of the Photinia complex support the recognition of a new genus Phippsiomeles and the resurrection of a redefined Stranvaesia in Maleae (Rosaceae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution 57 (6): 678–694. doi:10.1111/jse.12542.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Stace, C. A. 1975. Hybridization and the flora of the British Isles. Academic Press, London.
9. ↑ "USDA PLANTS". http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SORBA2.
10. ↑ Potter, D.; Eriksson, T.; Evans, R.C.; Oh, S.H.; Smedmark, J.E.E.; Morgan, D.R.; Kerr, M.; Robertson, K.R.; Arsenault, M.P.; Dickinson, T.A.; Campbell, C.S. (2007). Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266(1–2): 5–43. doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9

Wikidata ☰ Q2119847 entry

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