Northern Europe

Short description: Northern region of the European continent

Not to be confused with Nordic countries.

A composed satellite photograph of islands and continental areas in and surrounding the North Sea and Baltic Sea

The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54°N, or may be based on other geographical factors such as climate and ecology.

## Contents

* 1 Climate
* 2 Geography
* 3 Classifications
* 3.1 UN geoscheme classification
* 3.2 EuroVoc
* 3.3 CIA World Factbook
* 3.4 World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
* 4 Demographics
* 4.1 Language
* 4.2 Religion
* 5 Regional cooperation
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Climate

European climate. The Köppen climate classification map is presented by the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia and the Global Precipitation Climatology Center of the Deutscher Wetterdienst.

The climate is mainly Oceanic climate (Cfb), Humid continental climate (Dfb), Subarctic climate (Dfc and Dsc) and Tundra (ET).

## Geography

Main articles: Place:British Isles, Scandinavian Peninsula, Fennoscandia, Jutland, and Baltic region

Northern Europe might be defined roughly to include some or all of the following areas: British Isles, Fennoscandia, the peninsula of Jutland, the Baltic plain that lies to the east, and the many islands that lie offshore from mainland northern Europe and the main European continent. In some cases, Greenland is also included, although it is only politically European, comprising part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and not considered to be geographically in Europe.

The area is partly mountainous, including the northern volcanic islands of Iceland and Jan Mayen, and the mountainous western seaboard, Scotland and Scandinavia, and also often includes part of the large plain east of the Baltic Sea.

The entire region's climate is at least mildly affected by the Gulf Stream. From the west climates vary from maritime and maritime subarctic climates. In the north and central climates are generally subarctic or Arctic and to the east climates are mostly subarctic and temperate/continental.

Just as both climate and relief are variable across the region, so too is vegetation, with sparse tundra in the north and high mountains, boreal forest on the north-eastern and central regions temperate coniferous forests (formerly of which a majority was in the Scottish Highlands and south west Norway) and temperate broadleaf forests growing in the south, west and temperate east.

## Classifications

There are various definitions of northern Europe which always include the Nordic countries, often the British Isles and Baltic states, and sometimes Greenland.

### UN geoscheme classification

Subregions of Europe by United Nations geoscheme:

Eastern Europe

Northern Europe

Southern Europe

Western Europe

The United Nations geoscheme is a system devised by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) which divides the countries of the world into regional and subregional groups, based on the M49 coding classification. The partition is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories.[1]

In the UN geoscheme, the following countries are classified as being in northern Europe:[1]

* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Norway
* Sweden
* United Kingdom

as well as the dependent areas:

* Åland
* Channel Islands
* Bailiwick of Guernsey
* Bailiwick of Jersey
* Faroe Islands
* Isle of Man
* Svalbard and Jan Mayen

### EuroVoc

European sub-regions according to EuroVoc:

Northern Europe

Western Europe

Southern Europe

Central and Eastern Europe

EuroVoc is a multilingual thesaurus maintained by the Publications Office of the European Union, giving definitions of terms for official use. In the definition of "northern Europe", the following countries are included:[2]

* Estonia
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Denmark
* Finland
* Iceland
* Norway
* Sweden

as well as the dependent area:

* Faroe Islands

In this classification Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom and Ireland are included in Western Europe.

### CIA World Factbook

Regions of Europe based on CIA World Factbook:

Northern Europe

Western Europe

Central Europe

Southwest Europe

Southern Europe

Southeast Europe

Eastern Europe

In the CIA World Factbook, the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region. The following countries are included in their classification "northern Europe":[3]

* Denmark
* Finland
* Iceland
* Norway
* Sweden

as well as the dependent areas:

* Faroe Islands
* Jan Mayen
* Svalbard

In this classification Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom and Ireland are included in Western Europe, while Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are included in Eastern Europe.

### World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions

Northern Europe, as defined by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions

The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions is a biogeographical system developed by the international Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) organization, formerly the International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases. The WGSRPD standards, like other standards for data fields in botanical databases, were developed to promote "the wider and more effective dissemination of information about the world's heritage of biological organisms for the benefit of the world at large". The system provides clear definitions and codes for recording plant distributions at four scales or levels, from "botanical continents" down to parts of large countries. The following countries are included in their classification of "northern Europe":[4]

* Denmark
* Finland
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Norway
* Sweden
* United Kingdom

as well as the dependent areas:

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Isle of Man
* Jan Mayen
* Svalbard

## Demographics

Map of Europe showing the largest religions by region. Islam is represented in green, Eastern Orthodox Christianity in blue, Roman Catholicism in purple, and the other colors represent branches of Protestantism.

### Language

Germanic languages are widely spoken in northern Europe with North Germanic languages being the most common first language in the Faroe Islands (Faroese),[5] Iceland (Icelandic),[6] Denmark (Danish),[7] Norway (Norwegian)[8] and Sweden (Swedish).[9] The West Germanic language English is the most common first language in Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom and Ireland, however, the West Germanic language Scots is also spoken as a minority language in parts of Scotland and Ireland.[10][11][12][13] Beyond this, the Finnic languages of Finnish and Estonian are the most common first languages of Finland[14] and Estonia[15] respectively. The Baltic languages of Lithuanian and Latvian are the most common first languages of Lithuania[16] and Latvia[17] respectively. A number of Celtic languages are spoken in the British Isles including the Brythonic Welsh and the Goidelic Scots Gaelic and Irish. The Celtic languages Cornish and Manx have been revived since becoming classed as extinct, being now spoken to a limited extent in Cornwall and the Isle of Man respectively.[13] The Norman languages of Jèrriais and Guernésiais are spoken in Jersey and Guernsey, though are listed as endangered due to the increasing prominence of English in the islands.[18][19]

While not the most common first languages in any country, Sámi languages such as North Sámi, Lule Sámi and South Sámi are spoken in the transnational region of Sápmi and are listed as endangered.[13]

### Religion

During the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church expanded into northern Europe and spread Christianity among the Germanic peoples.[20] Christianity reached the peoples of Scandinavia and the Baltic region in later centuries. The Latin alphabet along with the influence of Western Christianity spread northward from Rome, leading to written English, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Irish,[21] Scottish,[22] Welsh,[23] Lithuanian, Latvian, Estonian, Finnish and Sámi languages. The Sámi were the last peoples to be converted in the 18th century.[24]

## Regional cooperation

The Russian White Sea–Baltic Canal, connecting eastern Baltic Europe to the Arctic

The Hansa group in the European Union comprises most of the northern European states, plus the Netherlands.

The melting of the Arctic is likely to create new possibilities and issues involving collaboration in the region.[25]

## See also

* Archaeology of Northern Europe
* Arctic Circle
* Arctic Council
* Baltic Assembly
* Baltic Council of Ministers
* Baltoscandia
* British–Irish Council
* British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly
* Celtic nations
* Central Europe
* Common Travel Area
* Council of the Baltic Sea States
* Crown Dependencies
* European Free Trade Association
* Euroregion Baltic
* Joint Expeditionary Force
* List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Northern Europe
* List of World Heritage Sites in Northern Europe
* New Hanseatic League
* Nordic-Baltic Eight
* Nordic Battlegroup
* Nordic Council
* Nordic cross flag
* Nordic Estonia
* Nordic model
* Nordic Passport Union
* North Sea Region
* Northern Dimension
* Northern European Gymnastics Championships
* Northern Future Forum
* Northwestern Europe
* OTSEM
* Roadex Project
* Southern Europe
* Synchronous grid of Northern Europe
* Vifanord

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "UNSD — Methodology". https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/.
2. ↑ Publications Office of the European Union. "EU Vocabularies 7206 Europe". EuroVoc. https://publications.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/th-concept-scheme/-/resource/eurovoc/100277?target=Browse.
3. ↑ CIA. "The World Factbook". https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/.
4. ↑ Brummitt, R. K. (2001). World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (2nd ed.). International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases For Plant Sciences (TDWG). https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tdwg/wgsrpd/master/109-488-1-ED/2nd Edition/TDWG_geo2.pdf. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
5. ↑ "The Faroese Language". https://www.faroeislands.fo/arts-culture/language/.
6. ↑ "Act [No 61/2011 on the status of the Icelandic language and Icelandic sign language"]. Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. p. 1. https://eng.menntamalaraduneyti.is/media/MRN-pdf/Icelandic-Language-Act-tr-260711.pdf. "Article 1; National language – official language; Icelandic is the national language of the Icelandic people and the official language in Iceland. Article 2; The Icelandic language — The national language is the common language of the Icelandic general public. Public authorities shall ensure that its use is possible in all areas of Icelandic society. All persons residing in Iceland must be given the opportunity to learn Icelandic and to use it for their general participation in Icelandic society, as further provided in leges speciales."
7. ↑ Lewis, M. Paul, ed (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.. ISBN 978-1-55671-216-6. http://www.ethnologue.com/. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
8. ↑ Vikør, Lars. "Fakta om norsk språk". http://www.sprakrad.no/Tema/Fakta/.
9. ↑ Parkvall, Mikael (2009). "Sveriges språk. Vem talar vad och var?". RAPPLING 1. Rapporter Från Institutionen för Lingvistik Vid Stockholms Universitet: 24. http://www.xn--sprkfrsvaret-vcb4v.se/sf/fileadmin/PDF/Parkvall_spraakstatistik.pdf. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
10. ↑ "Facts about Jersey". Government of Jersey. 30 November 2015. https://www.gov.je/Leisure/Jersey/Pages/Profile.aspx.
11. ↑ "Languages – Languages". https://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/european_languages/countries/uk.shtml.
12. ↑ Ranelagh, John (1994) (in en). A Short History of Ireland. Cambridge University Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-521-46944-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=xfx0VGIXiPYC&pg=PA118. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger". pp. 39–40,164–165,182–183. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026/PDF/187026eng.pdf.multi.
14. ↑ "Språk i Finland" (in sv). https://www.sprakinstitutet.fi/sv/om_sprak/sprak_i_finland.
15. ↑ "The Estonian Language". http://www.estonica.org/en/Society/The_Estonian_Language/.
16. ↑ Rodiklių duomenų bazė. "Oficialiosios statistikos portalas" (in lt-LT). https://osp.stat.gov.lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize/?hash=ea516958-db7e-431f-931e-0f42e7f9e6bc&portletFormName=visualization#/.
17. ↑ "Dažādu tautu valodu prasme" (in lv). http://www.vvk.lv/index.php?sadala=129&id=389.
18. ↑ "Endangered Languages Project – Jèrriais" (in en). http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/8649.
19. ↑ Sallabank, Julia (1 July 2013). "Can majority support save an endangered language? A case study of language attitudes in Guernsey". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 34 (4): 332–347. doi:10.1080/01434632.2013.794808. ISSN 0143-4632. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2013.794808. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
20. ↑ Tanner, Norman. New Short History of the Catholic Church. p. 41.
21. ↑ "Celtic languages – Irish | Britannica". https://www.britannica.com/topic/Celtic-languages/Irish.
22. ↑ Mackenzie, Donald W. (1990–92). "The Worthy Translator: How the Scottish Gaels got the Scriptures in their own Tongue". Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness 57: 168–202.
23. ↑ Watkins, T. Arwyn (1993) "Welsh" in Ball, Martin J. with Fife, James (Eds) The Celtic Languages. London/New York: Routledge: 289–348.
24. ↑ Kenneth Scott Latourette, A history of expansion of Christianity. Vol 2. The thousand years of uncertainty: AD 500–AD 1500 (1938) pp. 106–43.
25. ↑ Heininen, Lassi (2017-10-02). "The Arctic, Baltic, and North-Atlantic 'cooperative regions' in 'Wider Northern Europe': similarities and differences". Journal of Baltic Studies 48 (4): 435–450. doi:10.1080/01629778.2017.1305180. ISSN 0162-9778. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01629778.2017.1305180.

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Southeast|

* Orient
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Regions of Europe

North|

* Arctic
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East|

* Danubian countries
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Central|

* North European Plain
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* Alpine states
* Alpide belt
* Visegrád Group
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* Transdanubia
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* Germania
* Germania Slavica

West|

* Benelux
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* English Channel
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* Septimania
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* Baetic System
* Pyrenees
* Alpide belt

South|

* Po Valley (Padania)
* Italian Peninsula
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* Aegadian Islands
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* Baetic System
* Gibraltar Arc
* Southeastern
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* Germanic
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Regions of North America

North
(Canada)|

| Eastern|

* Central Canada
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|

Western|

* Pacific Northwest
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Northern|

* Arctic
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* Greenland

* Canadian Prairies
* The Maritimes
* French Canada
* English Canada
* Acadia
* Acadian Peninsula
* Quebec City–Windsor Corridor
* Peace River Country
* Cypress Hills
* Palliser's Triangle
* Canadian Shield
* Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga
* Kodiak Island
* Newfoundland (island)
* Vancouver Island
* Gulf Islands
* Strait of Georgia
* Labrador Peninsula
* Gaspé Peninsula
* Avalon Peninsula
* Bay de Verde Peninsula
* Brodeur Peninsula
* Melville Peninsula
* Bruce Peninsula
* Banks Peninsula (Nunavut)
* Cook Peninsula
* Gulf of Boothia
* Georgian Bay
* Hudson Bay
* James Bay

North
(United States)|

| Arctic|

* Aleutian Arc
* Aleutian Range
* Alaska Peninsula
* Aleutian Islands
* Arctic
* Arctic Circle
* Bering Strait
* Gulf of Alaska

|

Eastern|

* East Coast
* Northeast
* Atlantic Northeast
* The Maritimes
* New England
* Mid-Atlantic
* Commonwealth
* Southeast

Western|

* West Coast
* Mountain states
* Intermountain West
* Great Basin
* Basin and Range Province
* Northwestern United States
* Inland Northwest
* Pacific Northwest
* Southwest
* Old Southwest
* Four Corners

Central|

* Great Lakes
* Tallgrass prairie
* Midwest
* Upper Midwest
* South Central
* Gulf Coast

Southern|

* Deep South
* Old South
* Upland South
* Santa Fe de Nuevo México

* Pacific Coast Ranges
* Oregon Trail
* Mormon Corridor
* Calumet Region
* Llano Estacado
* Third Coast
* Backcountry
* Trans-Mississippi
* Great North Woods
* Great Plains
* Interior Plains
* Great Basin
* Great Basin Desert
* Acadia
* Ozarks
* Ark-La-Tex
* Waxhaws
* Siouxland
* Twin Tiers
* Driftless Area
* Palouse
* Piedmont
* Atlantic coastal plain
* Outer Lands
* Black Dirt Region
* Blackstone Valley
* Piney Woods
* Rocky Mountains
* Mojave Desert
* The Dakotas
* The Carolinas
* Shawnee Hills
* San Fernando Valley
* Tornado Alley
* North Coast
* Lost Coast
* Emerald Triangle
* San Francisco Bay Area
* San Francisco Bay
* North Bay
* East Bay
* Silicon Valley
* Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga
* Gulf of Mexico
* Lower Colorado River Valley
* Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
* Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta
* Colville Delta
* Arkansas Delta
* Mobile–Tensaw River Delta
* Mississippi Delta
* Mississippi River Delta
* Columbia River Estuary
* Great Basin
* High Desert
* Monterey Peninsula
* Upper Peninsula of Michigan
* Lower Peninsula of Michigan
* Virginia Peninsula
* Keweenaw Peninsula
* Middle Peninsula
* Delmarva Peninsula
* Alaska Peninsula
* Kenai Peninsula
* Niagara Peninsula
* "Belt" regions
* Bible Belt
* Black Belt
* Corn Belt
* Cotton Belt
* Frost Belt
* Rice Belt
* Rust Belt
* Sun Belt
* Snow Belt

Middle|

| Northern|

* Basin and Range Province
* Baja California Peninsula
* Gulf of California
* Colorado River Delta
* Gulf of Mexico

|

Southern|

* Soconusco
* Tierra Caliente
* La Mixteca
* La Huasteca
* Bajío
* Valley of Mexico
* Mezquital Valley
* Sierra Madre de Oaxaca
* Yucatán Peninsula
* Gulf of Mexico

Central|

* Northern Triangle of Central America
* Western Caribbean Zone
* Isthmus of Panama
* Gulf of Panama
* Pearl Islands
* Azuero Peninsula
* Mosquito Coast

Caribbean|

* Antilles
* Greater Antilles
* Lesser Antilles
* Leeward
* Leeward Antilles
* Windward
* Lucayan Archipelago
* Southern Caribbean
* West Indies

* Aridoamerica
* Mesoamerica
* Oasisamerica
* Anglo
* Latin
* French
* Hispanic
* American Cordillera
* Ring of Fire
* LAC

* v
* t
* e

Regions of Oceania

Australia|

| Australian Capital Territory|

* Australian Capital Territory

|

New South Wales|

* Central Coast
* Central Tablelands
* Central Western Slopes
* Greater Western Sydney
* Hunter
* Mid North Coast
* Northern Rivers
* North West Slopes
* Northern Tablelands
* Riverina
* South Coast
* South West Slopes
* Southern Tablelands
* Western Plains

Northern Territory|

* Arnhem Land
* Barkly Tableland
* Central Australia
* Darwin
* Katherine

Queensland|

* Central West
* Central
* Darling Downs
* Far North
* Gulf Country
* North
* South East
* South West
* Wide Bay–Burnett

South Australia|

* Adelaide Hills
* Barossa Light and Lower North
* Eastern Adelaide
* Eyre Western
* Far North
* Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island
* Limestone Coast
* Murray and Mallee
* Northern Adelaide
* Southern Adelaide
* Western Adelaide
* Yorke and Mid North

Tasmania|

* Central Highlands
* East Coast
* Midlands
* North East
* North West
* Northern
* South West
* Southern
* West Coast

Victoria|

* Barwon South West
* Gippsland
* Grampians
* Greater Melbourne
* Hume
* Loddon Mallee

Western Australia|

* Gascoyne
* Goldfields-Esperance
* Great Southern
* Kimberley
* Mid West
* Peel
* Pilbara
* South West
* Wheatbelt

Melanesia|

* Islands Region
* Bismarck Archipelago
* Solomon Islands
* North Solomon Islands
* Solomon Islands
* Fiji
* New Caledonia
* New Guinea
* Bonis Peninsula
* Papuan Peninsula
* Huon Peninsula
* Huon Gulf
* Bird's Head Peninsula
* Gazelle Peninsula
* Vanuatu

Micronesia|

* Caroline Islands
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Palau
* Kiribati
* Mariana Islands
* Guam
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* Wake Island

Polynesia|

* Easter Island
* Hawaiian Islands
* Cook Islands
* French Polynesia
* Austral Islands
* Gambier Islands
* Mangareva Islands
* Marquesas Islands
* Society Islands
* Tuamotus
* Kermadec Islands
* New Zealand
* South Island
* North Island
* Niue
* Pitcairn Islands
* Samoan Islands
* American Samoa
* Independent State of Samoa
* Tokelau
* Tonga
* Tuvalu

* Asia-Pacific
* Ring of Fire

* v
* t
* e

Regions of South America

East|

* Amazon basin
* Atlantic Forest
* Caatinga
* Cerrado

North|

* Caribbean South America
* West Indies
* Los Llanos
* The Guianas
* Amazon basin
* Amazon rainforest
* Gulf of Paria
* Paria Peninsula
* Paraguaná Peninsula
* Orinoco Delta

South|

* Tierra del Fuego
* Patagonia
* Pampas
* Pantanal
* Gran Chaco
* Chiquitano dry forests
* Valdes Peninsula
* Triple Frontier
* Río de la Plata
* Río de la Plata Basin

West|

* Andes
* Tropical Andes
* Wet Andes
* Dry Andes
* Pariacaca mountain range
* Altiplano
* Atacama Desert

* Latin
* Hispanic
* Bolivarian
* American Cordillera
* Ring of Fire
* LAC

* v
* t
* e

Earth's Polar regions of Earth

Antarctic|

* Antarctic Peninsula
* East Antarctica
* West Antarctica
* Eklund Islands
* Ecozone
* Extreme points
* Islands

Arctic|

* Arctic Alaska
* British Arctic Territories
* Canadian Arctic Archipelago
* Finnmark
* Greenland
* Northern Canada
* Northwest Territories
* Nunavik
* Nunavut
* Russian Arctic
* Sakha
* Sápmi
* Yukon
* North American Arctic

* v
* t
* e

Earth's Borders of the oceans

Arctic Ocean|

* Amundsen Gulf
* Barents Sea
* Beaufort Sea
* Chukchi Sea
* East Siberian Sea
* Greenland Sea
* Gulf of Boothia
* Kara Sea
* Laptev Sea
* Lincoln Sea
* Prince Gustav Adolf Sea
* Pechora Sea
* Queen Victoria Sea
* Wandel Sea
* White Sea

Atlantic Ocean|

* Adriatic Sea
* Aegean Sea
* Alboran Sea
* Archipelago Sea
* Argentine Sea
* Baffin Bay
* Balearic Sea
* Baltic Sea
* Bay of Biscay
* Bay of Bothnia
* Bay of Campeche
* Bay of Fundy
* Black Sea
* Bothnian Sea
* Caribbean Sea
* Celtic Sea
* English Channel
* Foxe Basin
* Greenland Sea
* Gulf of Bothnia
* Gulf of Finland
* Gulf of Lion
* Gulf of Guinea
* Gulf of Maine
* Gulf of Mexico
* Gulf of Saint Lawrence
* Gulf of Sidra
* Gulf of Venezuela
* Hudson Bay
* Ionian Sea
* Irish Sea
* Irminger Sea
* James Bay
* Labrador Sea
* Levantine Sea
* Libyan Sea
* Ligurian Sea
* Marmara Sea
* Mediterranean Sea
* Myrtoan Sea
* North Sea
* Norwegian Sea
* Sargasso Sea
* Sea of Åland
* Sea of Azov
* Sea of Crete
* Sea of the Hebrides
* Thracian Sea
* Tyrrhenian Sea
* Wadden Sea

Indian Ocean|

* Andaman Sea
* Arabian Sea
* Bali Sea
* Bay of Bengal
* Flores Sea
* Great Australian Bight
* Gulf of Aden
* Gulf of Aqaba
* Gulf of Khambhat
* Gulf of Kutch
* Gulf of Oman
* Gulf of Suez
* Java Sea
* Laccadive Sea
* Mozambique Channel
* Persian Gulf
* Red Sea
* Timor Sea

Pacific Ocean|

* Arafura Sea
* Banda Sea
* Bering Sea
* Bismarck Sea
* Bohai Sea
* Bohol Sea
* Camotes Sea
* Celebes Sea
* Chilean Sea
* Coral Sea
* East China Sea
* Gulf of Alaska
* Gulf of Anadyr
* Gulf of California
* Gulf of Carpentaria
* Gulf of Fonseca
* Gulf of Panama
* Gulf of Thailand
* Gulf of Tonkin
* Halmahera Sea
* Koro Sea
* Mar de Grau
* Molucca Sea
* Moro Gulf
* Philippine Sea
* Salish Sea
* Savu Sea
* Sea of Japan
* Sea of Okhotsk
* Seram Sea
* Seto Inland Sea
* Shantar Sea
* Sibuyan Sea
* Solomon Sea
* South China Sea
* Sulu Sea
* Tasman Sea
* Visayan Sea
* Yellow Sea

Southern Ocean|

* Amundsen Sea
* Bellingshausen Sea
* Cooperation Sea
* Cosmonauts Sea
* Davis Sea
* D'Urville Sea
* King Haakon VII Sea
* Lazarev Sea
* Mawson Sea
* Riiser-Larsen Sea
* Ross Sea
* Scotia Sea
* Somov Sea
* Weddell Sea

Endorheic basins|

* Aral Sea
* Caspian Sea
* Dead Sea
* Salton Sea

* Book
* Category

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