Numerology

Numerology (known before the 20th century as arithmancy) is the belief in an occult, divine or mystical relationship between a number and one or more coinciding events. It is also the study of the numerical value, via an alphanumeric system, of the letters in words and names. When numerology is applied to a person's name, it is a form of onomancy. It is often associated with astrology and other divinatory arts.[1]

Number symbolism is an ancient and pervasive aspect of human thought, deeply intertwined with religion, philosophy, mysticism, and mathematics. Different cultures and traditions have assigned specific meanings to numbers, often linking them to divine principles, cosmic forces, or natural patterns.Template:Sfnpm

## Contents

* 1 Etymology
* 2 History
* 3 Methods
* 3.1 Alphanumeric systems
* 3.2 Pythagorean method
* 3.3 Agrippan method
* 3.4 Angel numbers
* 4 English systems
* 5 In popular culture
* 6 Related uses
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 8.1 Citations
* 8.2 Works cited
* 9 Further reading
* 10 External links
* 11 External links

## Etymology

The term arithmancy is derived from two Greek words – arithmos (meaning number) and manteia (meaning divination). "Αριθμομαντεία" Arithmancy is thus the study of divination through numbers.[2] Although the word "arithmancy" dates back to the 1570s,[3] the word "numerology" was not recorded in English before c. 1907.[4]

## History

The practice of gematria, assigning numerical values to words and names and imputing those values with religious meaning, dates back to antiquity. An Assyrian inscription from the 8th century BC, commissioned by Sargon II declares "the king built the wall of Khorsabad 16,283 cubits long to correspond with the numerical value of his name".[5] Rabbinic literature used gematria to interpret passages in the Hebrew Bible.

The practice of using alphabetic letters to represent numbers developed in the Greek city of Miletus, and is thus known as the Milesian system.[6] Early examples include vase graffiti dating back to the 6th century BCE.[7] Aristotle wrote that the Pythagorean tradition, founded in the 6th century by Pythagoras of Samos, practiced isopsephy,[8] the Greek predecessor of Hebrew gematria. Pythagoras was a contemporary of the philosophers Anaximander, Anaximenes, and the historian Hecataeus, all of whom lived in Miletus, across the sea from Samos.[9] The Milesian system was in common use by the reign of Alexander the Great (336–323 BCE) and was adopted by other cultures during the subsequent Hellenistic period.[6] It was officially adopted in Egypt during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (284–246 BCE).[6]

By the late 4th century AD, following the Edict of Thessalonica in 380 AD and the subsequent enforcement of Nicene Christianity under Theodosius I, departures from the beliefs of the state church were classified as civil violations within the Roman Empire.[10] Numerology, referred to as isopsephy, remained in use in conservative Greek Orthodox circles, particularly in mystical and theological contexts.[11]

Some alchemical theories were closely related to numerology. For example, Arab alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (died c. 806−816) framed his experiments in an elaborate numerology based on the names of substances in the Arabic language.[12]

Numerology is prominent in Sir Thomas Browne's 1658 literary discourse The Garden of Cyrus. Throughout its pages, the author attempts to demonstrate that the number five and the related quincunx pattern can be found throughout the arts, in design, and in nature, particularly botany.[13]

Some approaches to understanding the meanings of the Qur'an (the book of Muslims) include the understanding of numerical meanings, numerical symbols and their combination with purely textual approaches.({{{1}}}, {{{2}}})

## Methods

### Alphanumeric systems

See also: Unsolved:Gematria and Isopsephy

Various numerology systems assign numerical value to the letters of an alphabet. Examples include the Abjad numerals in Arabic, Hebrew numerals, Armenian numerals, and Greek numerals. The traditional Jewish practice of assigning mystical meaning to words based on their numerical values, and on connections between words of equal value, is known as gematria.[14]

The Mandaean number alphasyllabary is also used for numerology (Mandaic: gmaṭ aria). The Book of the Zodiac is an important Mandaean text on numerology.[15]

### Pythagorean method

In the Pythagorean method (which uses a kind of place-value for number-letter attributions, as do the ancient Hebrew and Greek systems), the letters of the modern Latin alphabet are assigned numerical values 1 through 9.[16]

### Agrippan method

Agrippa's numerology table as published in Three Books of Occult Philosophy

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa applied the concept of arithmancy to the classical Latin alphabet in the 16th century in Three Books of Occult Philosophy. He mapped the letters as follows (in accordance with the Latin alphabet's place-value at that time):[17]

1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9

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A  | B  | C  | D  | E  | F  | G  | H  | I
10  | 20  | 30  | 40  | 50  | 60  | 70  | 80  | 90
K  | L  | M  | N  | O  | P  | Q  | R  | S
100  | 200  | 300  | 400  | 500  | 600  | 700  | 800  | 900
T  | V[lower-alpha 1] | X  | Y  | Z  | I[lower-alpha 2] | V[lower-alpha 3] | HI[lower-alpha 4] | HV[lower-alpha 5]

1. ↑ When representing the u sound, as in Ulysses
2. ↑ When representing the j sound, as in John
3. ↑ When representing the v sound, as in Valentine
4. ↑ When representing the j sound, as in Jerome
5. ↑ When representing the w sound, as in Wilhelm

Note that the letters U, J, and W were not commonly considered part of the Latin alphabet at the time.

### Angel numbers

So-called Angel numbers, as defined by Doreen Virtue and Lynnette Brown in 2004, are numbers consisting of repeating digits, such as 111 or 444.({{{1}}}, {{{2}}}) As of 2023[update], a number of popular media publications had published articles suggesting that these numbers have numerological significance.[18] But in 2024, Virtue renounced the concept of angel numbers in an interview with The Cut, saying: "It’s garbage. I regret it, and I'm sorry that I made them."[19]

## English systems

There are various systems of English Qabalah or numerology.[20] These systems interpret the letters of the Roman script or English alphabet via an assigned set of numerological significances.[21][22] English Qaballa, on the other hand, refers specifically to a Qabalah supported by a system discovered by James Lees in 1976.

The first system of English gematria was used by the poet John Skelton in 1523 in his poem "The Garland of Laurel".[23] The next reference to an English gematria found in the literature was made by Willis F. Whitehead in 1899 in his book The Mystic Thesaurus, in which he describes a system he called "English Cabala".[24]

In 1952, John P. L. Hughes published The Hidden Numerical Significance of the English Language, or, Suggestive Gematria, based on his lecture delivered at Holden Research Circle on July 4, 1952.[25] A system related to the Spiritualist Agasha Temple of Wisdom was described by William Eisen in his two volume The English Cabalah (1980–82).({{{1}}}, {{{2}}})[26][27]

William G. Gray proposes another system in his 1984 book Concepts of Qabalah,[28] more recently republished as Qabalistic Concepts.[29] This system includes correspondence attributions of the English letters to the positions on the Tree of Life. Michael Bertiaux described a system called Angelic Gematria in his The Voudon Gnostic Workbook (1989).[30] David Rankine described a system of English gematria[31] using prime numbers which he calls Prime Qabalah in his book Becoming Magick (2004).[32]

A system known as Trigrammaton Qabalah (TQ), was first published by R. Leo Gillis in 1996, including a gematria of the English alphabet based on one of the Holy Books of Thelema written by Aleister Crowley in 1907, called Liber Trigrammaton. A primary feature of this qabalah is a new understanding of the Cube of Space and its 26 components of edges, faces, and vertices, which equal the number of letters in the English alphabet.[33]

## In popular culture

In modern culture, numerology continues to influence personal and public life. For example, Australian MP Sussan Ley credibly altered the spelling of her own name according to numerological advice, believing it would bring excitement to her life, a story widely reported in 2025.[34]

Similarly, celebrities like Gwyneth Paltrow have marked entry into a “9-year” numerological cycle signifying transformation and closure, with symbolic gestures such as posting rain imagery associated with personal renewal.[35]

## Related uses

Scientific theories are sometimes labeled "numerology" if their primary inspiration appears to be a set of patterns rather than scientific observations. This colloquial use of the term is quite common within the scientific community and it is mostly used to dismiss a theory as questionable science.[36]

The best known example of "numerology" in science involves the coincidental resemblance of certain large numbers that intrigued mathematical physicist Paul Dirac, mathematician Hermann Weyl and astronomer Arthur Stanley Eddington.[37] These numerical coincidences refer to such quantities as the ratio of the age of the universe to the atomic unit of time, the number of electrons in the universe, and the difference in strengths between gravity and the electric force for the electron and proton.[38] (See also Fine-tuned universe).

Wolfgang Pauli was also fascinated by the appearance of certain numbers, including 137 (a prime number), in physics.[39]

British mathematician I. J. Good wrote:

> There have been a few examples of numerology that have led to theories that transformed society: see the mention of Kirchhoff and Balmer in Good (1962), p. 316 [...] and one can well include Kepler on account of his third law. It would be fair enough to say that numerology was the origin of the theories of electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, gravitation. [...] So I intend no disparagement when I describe a formula as numerological.

> When a numerological formula is proposed, then we may ask whether it is correct. [...] I think an appropriate definition of correctness is that the formula has a good explanation, in a Platonic sense, that is, the explanation could be based on a good theory that is not yet known but 'exists' in the universe of possible reasonable ideas.[40]

## See also

* Unsolved:Biblical numerology - Numeric symbolism in biblical texts
* Unsolved:Enneagram of Personality - Model of the human psyche used as a personality typology
* Philosophy:Frequency illusion - Cognitive bias
* Unsolved:Number of the beast - Number associated with the Beast of Revelation
* Unsolved:Numbers in Norse mythology - Significant numbers in Norse mythology
* Unsolved:Numerology and the Church Fathers
* Sacred geometry - Symbolic and sacred meanings ascribed to certain geometric shapes
* Unsolved:Synchromysticism - Belief system attributing meaning to coincidences
* Philosophy:Synchronicity

## References

### Citations

1. ↑ Carroll 2003.
2. ↑ Francis-Cheung 2006, p. 31.
3. ↑ "arithmancy (n.)". etymonline.com. https://www.etymonline.com/word/arithmancy.
4. ↑ "Home : Oxford English Dictionary". https://oed.com/start;jsessionid=013366567803A10613B932EFA19B8F57?authRejection=true&url=/view/Entry/129129?redirectedFrom=numerology&.
5. ↑ Luckenbill 1927, pp. 43, 65.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Halsey 1967.
7. ↑ Jeffrey 1961.
8. ↑ Acevedo 2020, p. 50.
9. ↑ Riedweg 2005.
10. ↑ McLynn 1994.
11. ↑ Ferguson 2013.
12. ↑ Newman n.d.
13. ↑ Merton, E. S. (1956). "The Botany of Sir Thomas Browne". Isis 47 (2): 161–171. doi:10.1086/348483. ISSN 0021-1753. https://www.jstor.org/stable/227337.
14. ↑ Stratton-Kent 1988.
15. ↑ Häberl 2023.
16. ↑ Christie 2005, pp. 10–11.
17. ↑ Agrippa 1651, pp. 235–236.
18. ↑ Somer et al. 2023.
19. ↑ Dickson 2024.
20. ↑ Nema 1995, pp. 24–25.
21. ↑ Hulse 2000, p. [page needed].
22. ↑ Rabinovitch & Lewis 2004, p. 269.
23. ↑ Walker 1998, pp. 33–42.
24. ↑ Whitehead 1899.
25. ↑ Hughes 1952.
26. ↑ Mast 1991, p. [page needed].
27. ↑ Lawrence 2019, p. [page needed].
28. ↑ Gray 1984.
29. ↑ Gray 1997.
30. ↑ Bertiaux 1989. Republished as Bertiaux 2007.
31. ↑ Drury 2006, p. 244.
32. ↑ Rankine 2004.
33. ↑ Gillis (2013).
34. ↑ "Lib leader's name change shocks" (in en-GB). news. https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/tv/sussan-leys-name-change-shocks-the-hosts-of-the-project/news-story/0bb80f2c5496d64cb626b9f36bc0eb48.
35. ↑ "All About the 9 Year Cycle in Numerology — Which Gwyneth Paltrow Just Celebrated" (in en). https://people.com/what-is-a-9-year-cycle-everything-to-know-8687032.
36. ↑ ""Numerology" in scientific discourse". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345214733.
37. ↑ Gamow 1968.
38. ↑ Stenger 2004.
39. ↑ Falk 2009.
40. ↑ Good 1990, p. 141.

### Works cited

This article lacks ISBNs for the books listed in it. Please make it easier to conduct research by listing ISBNs. If the {{Cite book}} or {{citation}} templates are in use, you may add ISBNs automatically, or discuss this issue on the talk page. (January 2024)

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* Acevedo, J. (2020). Alphanumeric Cosmology from Greek Into Arabic: The Idea of Stoicheia Through the Medieval Mediterranean. Germany: Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3161592454.
* Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius (1651) (in en). Three Books of Occult Philosophy. 2. London: Gregory Moule. pp. 235–236. https://books.google.com/books?id=JJr4MgEACAAJ.
* Bertiaux, Michael (1989). The Voudon Gnostic Workbook. Magickal Childe. ISBN 0-939708-12-4.
* Bertiaux, Michael (2007). The Voudon Gnostic Workbook: Expanded Edition. Weiser. ISBN 978-1-57863-339-5.
* Besharati, Mohammad Reza; Besharati, Zahra (2022). "Reinterpretation of 'the Darkness of the Three" in Verse 6 of Surah al-Zumar, in Light of the Components of the Scientific Miracle of the Qur'an". Journal of Interdisciplinary Qur'anic Studies 1 (1): 91–116. doi:10.37264/jiqs.v1i1.6.
* Besharati, Zahra; Fakhari, Alireza (June 2023). "A Comparative Study of the Literal and Symbolic Meaning of the Numbers in Qur'anic Verses about Creation". Journal of Interdisciplinary Qur'anic Studies 2 (1): 189–217. doi:10.37264/jiqs.v2i1june2023.9. ISSN 2753-5711.
* Carroll, Robert Todd (2003). "Numerology". https://www.skepdic.com/numology.html.
* Christie, Anne (2005). Simply Numerology. New York: Sterling Publishing Company. ISBN 140272277X.
* Dickson, E. J. (October 14, 2024). "What Do Angel Numbers Mean? Nothing, According to Creator". The Cut. https://www.thecut.com/article/angel-numbers-meaning-creator-doreen-virtue.html.
* Drury, Nevill (2006). The Watkins Dictionary of Magic. Sterling Publishing Company. ISBN 1-84293-152-0.
* Dudley, Underwood (1997). Numerology: Or, What Pythagoras Wrought. Mathematical Association of America. eBook edition (2019) ISBN 978-1470452834.
* Eisen, William (1980). The English Cabalah. 1. Marina del Rey, California: DeVorss & Company. ISBN 978-0875163901.
* Eisen, William (1982). The English Cabalah. 2. Marina del Rey, California: DeVorss & Company. ISBN 978-0875164595.
* Falk, Dan (24 April 2009). "Cosmic numbers: Pauli and Jung's love of numerology". New Scientist (2705). https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227051.800-cosmic-numbers-pauli-and-jungs-love-of-numerology.html.
* Ferguson, Everett (2013). Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
* Francis-Cheung, Theresa (2006). "Arithmancy". The Element Encyclopedia of the Psychic World. Harper Element. pp. 31. ISBN 978-0007211487.
* Gamow, George (1968-02-01). "Numerology of the Constants of Nature" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 59 (2): 313–318. doi:10.1073/pnas.59.2.313. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 16591598. Bibcode: 1968PNAS...59..313G.
* Gillis, R. Leo (2013). "Trigrammaton Qabalah". Manifest Thy Glory: Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial National Ordo Templi Orientis Conference. Riverside, California: Ordo Templi Orientis. pp. 73–80. ISBN 978-1-490-36534-3.
* Good, Irving John (1962). The Scientist Speculates: An Anthology of Partly-Baked Ideas. Heinemann & Basic Books.
* Good, I. J. (1990). "A Quantal Hypothesis for Hadrons and the Judging of Physical Numerology". in G. R. Grimmett. Disorder in Physical Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198532156.
* Gray, William G. (1984). Concepts of Qabalah. Sangreal Sodality Series. 3. Red Wheel/Weiser. ISBN 0-87728-561-6.
* Gray, William G. (1997). Qabalistic Concepts: Living the Tree. Weiser Books. ISBN 1-57863-000-2.
* Häberl, Charles G. (2023). "Binding the Lion: Numerology in the Mandaean Tradition". SSRN Electronic Journal (Elsevier BV). doi:10.2139/ssrn.4502834. ISSN 1556-5068.
* Hopper, V. F. (2000). Medieval Number Symbolism: Its Sources, Meaning, and Influence on Thought and Expression. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-41430-0.
* Hughes, John P. L. (1952). The Hidden Numerical Significance of the English Language, or, Suggestive Gematria. Holden Research Circle.
* Hulse, David Allen (2000). The Western Mysteries: An Encyclopedic Guide to the Sacred Languages and Magickal Systems of the World. Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 1-56718-429-4.
* Halsey, W., ed (1967). "Numerals and systems of numeration". Collier's Encyclopedia.
* Jeffrey, L. (1961). The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198132073.
* Kalvesmaki, J. (2013). The Theology of Arithmetic: Number Symbolism in Platonism and Early Christianity. Center for Hellenic Studies. ISBN 978-0-674-07330-2.
* Lawrence, S. B. (2019). The Big Book of Numerology: The Hidden Meaning of Numbers and Letters. Red Wheel/Weiser. ISBN 978-1578636778.
* Luckenbill, Daniel (1927). Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia. 2. University of Chicago Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=fvzWlRmtlO4C.
* Mast, J. A. (1991). The Emerging Self: A Celtic Journey. Fithian Press. ISBN 978-0931832680.
* McLynn, Neil (1994). Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital. University of California Press.
* Newman, William R. (n.d.). "Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān". Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abu-Musa-Jabir-ibn-Hayyan. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
* Nema (1995). Maat Magick: A Guide to Self-Initiation. York Beach, Maine: Weiser. ISBN 0-87728-827-5.
* Rabinovitch, Shelley; Lewis, James (2004). The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-2407-3.
* Rankine, David (2004). Becoming Magick: New & Revised Magicks for the New Aeon. Mandrake. ISBN 1-869928-81-4.
* Riedweg, Christoph (2005). Pythagoras: His Life, Teachings, and Influence. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-7452-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=A8ixyQJA7_MC&q=Pythagoras.
* Somer, E.; Cardeña, E.; Catelan, R. F.; Soffer-Dudek, N. (2023). "Reality shifting: psychological features of an emergent online daydreaming culture". Current Psychology 42 (14): 11415–11427. doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02439-3. PMID 34744401.
* Stenger, Victor (2004). "Is the Universe Fine-Tuned for Us?". in Young, Matt; Edis, Taner. Why Intelligent Design Fails: A Scientific Critique of the New Creationism. Rutgers University Press. pp. 172–184. ISBN 978-0813538723. http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/Cosmo/FineTune.pdf.
* Stratton-Kent, Jake (May 1988). "What is a Qabalah?". The Equinox: British Journal of Thelema VII (2): 59–61. ISSN 0953-7015.
* Valeri, Valerio (1971). "BONGO, Pietro in "Dizionario Biografico"" (in it). http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pietro-bongo_(Dizionario-Biografico)/.
* Virtue, Doreen; Brown, Lynnette (2005). Angel Numbers: The Angels Explain the Meaning of 111, 444, and Other Numbers in Your Life. Hay House. ISBN 978-1401905156.
* Walker, Julia. M. (1998). Medusa's Mirrors: Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton, and the metamorphosis of the female self. University of Delaware Press. ISBN 0-87413-625-3.
* Whitehead, Willis F. (1899). The Mystic Thesaurus, Or Initiation in the Theoretical and Practical Secrets of Astral Truth, and Occult Art: The Symbol of the Cross. Chicago: Willis F. Whitehead. https://archive.org/details/mysticthesaurus00whitgoog.

## Further reading

* Diepenbroek, M. (2023). The Spartan Scytale and Developments in Ancient and Modern Cryptography. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-350-28129-5.
* Dunbar, H. F. (1929). Symbolism in Medieval Thought and Its Consummation in the Divine Comedy. Yale University Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=gy3iIVmPiI0C.
* Iamblichus (1988). The Theology of Arithmetic: On the mystical, mathematical and cosmological symbolism of the first ten numbers. Grand Rapids: Phanes Press. ISBN 978-0-933999-72-5.
* Iordanou, I. (2019). Venice's Secret Service: Organizing Intelligence in the Renaissance. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198791317.
* King, D. A. (2001). The Ciphers of the Monks: A Forgotten Number-notation of the Middle Ages. Germany: F. Steiner. https://archive.org/details/the-ciphers-of-the-monks-a-forgotten-number-notation-of-the-middle-ages-by-david-a.-king-z-lib.org.
* Levy, David B. (2018). "Introduction". in Levy, R. I.. Essays in the History of Medicine. Sam Sapozhnik Publishers. pp. 15–98. ISBN 978-1-387-79726-4.
* Phillips, S. M. (2009). The Mathematical Connection Between Religion and Science. Antony Rowe Publishing. ISBN 978-1-905200-85-6.
* Schimmel, Annemarie (1993). The Mystery of Numbers. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-87-516422-6.
* Shumaker, W. (1982). Renassance curiosa: John Dee's conversations with angels, Girolamo Cardano's horoscope of Christ, Johannes Trithemius and cryptography, George Dalgarno's Universal language. Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies. ISBN 978-0-86698-014-2.
* Thompson, Cath (2016). The Magickal Language of the Book of the Law: An English Qaballa Primer. Hadean Press Limited. ISBN 978-1-907881-68-8.

* "Chaldean Numerology and the Symbolism of Numbers". 2025. https://poeticexplorers.blog.

## External links

* Poetic Explorers – Insights on Numerology and Symbolic Meanings

## External links

* Number symbolism on the Encyclopædia Britannica

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Methods of divination

| Theriomancy|

* Ailuromancy
* Alectryomancy
* Augury
* Myomancy
* Myrmomancy
* Ornithomancy

|

Bibliomancy|

* Bible
* Homer
* I Ching
* Rhapsodomancy
* Virgil

Scrying|

* Aspidomancy
* Catoptromancy
* Crystal gazing
* Hydromancy
* Oculomancy

Cleromancy|

* Astragalomancy
* Belomancy
* Cartomancy
* Cowrie-shell divination
* Favomancy
* Kumalak
* Molybdomancy
* Obi divination
* Opele
* Opon Ifá
* Rhabdomancy
* Runic magic
* Sortes
* Tarot card reading

Necromancy|

* Gastromancy
* Taghairm

Somatomancy|

* Anthropomancy
* Cephalonomancy
* Haruspex
* Omphalomancy
* Oracle bone
* Palmistry
* Podomancy
* Rumpology
* Scapulimancy

Other|

* Apophenia
* Astrology
* Fortune-telling
* Ifá
* Omen
* Oracle
* Prophecy
* Technomancy

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Hidden messages

Main|

* Hidden messages
* Subliminal message

Audio|

* Backmasking
* Reverse speech

Numeric|

* Numerology
* Theomatics
* Bible code
* Cryptology

Visual|

* Fnord
* Paranoiac-critical method
* Pareidolia
* Sacred geometry
* Steganography
* Visual cryptography

Other|

* Anagram
* Apophenia
* Asemic writing
* Easter egg
* Clustering illusion
* Observer-expectancy effect
* Pattern recognition
* Palindrome
* Synchronicity
* Unconscious mind

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