Podalyrieae

Short description: Tribe of legumes

Podalyrieae

Virgilia divaricata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Rosids
Order:  | Fabales
Family:  | Fabaceae
Subfamily:  | Faboideae
Clade:  | Meso-Papilionoideae
Clade:  | Genistoids
Clade:  | Core Genistoids
Tribe:  | Podalyrieae
(Benth.) Cardoso et al. 2013[1][2]
Genera

See text

Synonyms[3]

* Genisteae subtribe Lipariinae (Benth.) Benth.
* Liparieae (Benth.) Harv.
* Liparieae subtribe Lipariinae (Benth.) Benth.
* Loteae subtribe Lipariinae Benth.

The tribe Podalyrieae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae.

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Subtribes and genera
* 2.1 Subtribe Xiphothecinae
* 2.2 Subtribe Podalyriinae
* 2.3 Unassigned
* 3 References

## Description

The Podalyrieae arose 30.5 ± 2.6 million years ago (in the Oligocene) in the fynbos (Cape Floristic Region) of South Africa and is still mostly found there.[4][5] All members of the tribe exhibit either nonsprouting or sprouting fire survival strategies.[6] Many species are pollinated by insects, especially carpenter bees,[3] while others are pollinated by sunbirds or rodents.[4]

The members of this tribe consistently form a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenetic analyses.[1][3][4][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The tribe does not currently have a node-based definition, but several morphological synapomorphies have been identified:

> "imparipinnately compound leaves, axillary racemose inflorescences, carboxylic acid esters of quinolizidine alkaloids, and the isoflavone 3′-hydroxydaidzein as a major seed flavonoid"[1][4][14] as well as "strongly reduced or absent bracteoles and the occurrence of persistent antipodals in the female gametophyte."[3]

## Subtribes and genera

### Subtribe Xiphothecinae

* Amphithalea Eckl. & Zeyh.
* Xiphotheca Eckl. & Zeyh.

### Subtribe Podalyriinae

* Calpurnia E. Mey.
* Liparia L.
* Podalyria Willd.
* Stirtonanthus B.-E. van Wyk & A. L. Schutte
* Virgilia Poir.

### Unassigned

* Cadia Forssk.[4]
* Cyclopia Vent.[15]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot 89: 58–75. 2013. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.
2. ↑ Wojciechowski MF (2013). "Towards a new classification of Leguminosae: Naming clades using non-Linnaean phylogenetic nomenclature". S Afr J Bot 89: 85–93. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.017.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Schutte AL; Van Wyk BE; Schutte-Vlok AL; Forest F.; Van der Bank M. (1998). "Evolutionary relationships in the Podalyrieae and Liparieae (Fabaceae) based on morphological, cytological, and chemical evidence". Pl Syst Evol 209 (1–2): 1–31. doi:10.1007/BF00991521.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Boatwright JS; Savolainen V; Van Wyk B-E; Schutte-Vlok AL; Forest F; Van der Bank M (2008). "Systematic position of the anomalous genus Cadia and the phylogeny of the tribe Podalyrieae (Fabaceae)". Syst Bot 33 (1): 133–147. doi:10.1600/036364408783887500.
5. ↑ Linder HP (2003). "The radiation of the Cape flora, southern Africa". Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 78 (4): 597–638. doi:10.1017/S1464793103006171. PMID 14700393.
6. ↑ "Fire-survival strategy—a character of taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary importance in fynbos legumes". Pl Syst Evol 195 (3–4): 243–259. 1995. doi:10.1007/BF00989299.
7. ↑ "Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages". Am J Bot 99 (12): 1991–2013. 2012. doi:10.3732/ajb.1200380. PMID 23221500.
8. ↑ "Molecular evolution of the Leguminosae: Phylogeny of the three subfamilies based on rbcL-sequences". Biochem Syst Ecol 24 (5): 365–378. 1996. doi:10.1016/0305-1978(96)00032-4.
9. ↑ "Phylogenetic Relationships in the Papilionoideae (Family Leguminosae) Based on Nucleotide Sequences of cpDNA (rbcL) and ncDNA (ITS 1 and 2)". Mol Phylogenet Evol 8 (1): 65–88. 1997. doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0410. PMID 9242596.
10. ↑ "A phylogeny of the chloroplast gene rbcL in the Leguminosae: taxonomic correlations and insights into the evolution of nodulation". Am J Bot 84 (4): 541–554. 1997. doi:10.2307/2446030. PMID 21708606.
11. ↑ "Evolution of chemical defense traits in the Leguminosae: mapping of distribution patterns of secondary metabolites on a molecular phylogeny inferred from nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene". Biochem Syst Ecol 31 (8): 897–917. 2003. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00085-1.
12. ↑ "Molecular phylogeny of the genistoid tribes of papilionoid legumes". Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2000. pp. 249–276. ISBN 978-1842460177. http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=52.
13. ↑ LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] (2013). "Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades". Taxon 62 (2): 217–248. doi:10.12705/622.8. https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/78167/1/Taxon_2013_217-248.pdf.
14. ↑ Van Wyk B-E. (2003). "The value of chemosystematics in clarifying relationships in the Genistoid tribes of papilionoid legumes". Biochem Syst Ecol 31 (8): 875–884. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00083-8.
15. ↑ "Systematics of the tribe Podalyrieae (Fabaceae) based on DNA, morphological and chemical data". Bot J Linn Soc 139 (2): 159–170. 2002. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00051.x.

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