Progressivism

Progressivism is a political philosophy and reform movement that seeks to progress the human condition through reforms.[1] Adherents endeavor to spread this idea to human societies everywhere throughout the globe. Progressivism arose during the Age of Enlightenment out of the belief that civility in Europe was improving due to the application of new empirical knowledge.[2]

Cultural progressivism is associated with social liberalism,[3][4][5] a left-leaning type of liberalism, and social democracy.[6][7]

Within economic progressivism, there is some ideological variation. Illustrative examples of this include some Christian democracy and conservative-leaning communitarian movements.[8][9] While many ideologies can fall under the banner of progressivism, all eras of the movement are characterized by a critique of unregulated capitalism and a call for a more active democratic government to safeguard human rights, promote cultural development, and serve as a check-and-balance on corporate monopolies.[6][10]

Other types of progressivism include techno-progressivism.

## Contents

* 1 Early history
* 1.1 From the Enlightenment to the Industrial Revolution
* 1.2 20th century: U.S. Progressive Era, New Deal and post-war consensus
* 2 Into the 21st century and social democratic turn
* 2.1 International organizing
* 2.2 Europe
* 2.2.1 United Kingdom
* 2.3 Latin America
* 2.3.1 Argentina
* 2.3.2 Brazil
* 2.3.3 Mexico
* 2.4 North America
* 2.4.1 Canada
* 2.4.2 United States
* 3 Types
* 3.1 Cultural progressivism
* 3.2 Economic progressivism
* 3.3 Techno progressivism
* 4 Progressive parties or parties with progressive factions
* 4.1 Current parties
* 4.2 Former parties
* 5 See also
* 6 Notes
* 7 References
* 7.1 Citations
* 7.2 Sources
* 8 External links

## Early history

### From the Enlightenment to the Industrial Revolution

Main articles: History:Industrial Revolution, Modernity, and Social justice

See also: Social:History of liberalism and Reformism

Immanuel Kant, German philosopher John Stuart Mill, English philosopher

Immanuel Kant identified progress as being a movement away from barbarism toward civilization.[11] 18th-century philosopher and political scientist Marquis de Condorcet predicted that political progress would involve the disappearance of slavery, the rise of literacy, the lessening of sex inequality, reform of prisons, which at the time were harsh, and the decline of poverty.[12]

Modernity or modernisation was a key form of the idea of progress as promoted by classical liberals in the 19th and 20th centuries, who called for the rapid modernisation of the economy and society to remove the traditional hindrances to free markets and the free movements of people.[13]

In the late 19th century, a political view rose in popularity in the Western world that progress was being stifled by vast economic inequality between the rich and the poor, minimally regulated laissez-faire capitalism with out-of-control monopolistic corporations, intense and often violent conflict between capitalists and workers, with a need for measures to address these problems.[14] Progressivism has influenced various political movements. Social liberalism was influenced by British liberal philosopher John Stuart Mill's conception of people being "progressive beings."[15] British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli developed progressive conservatism under one-nation Toryism.[16][17]

The first modern socialists of the 19th century followed utopian socialism,[18] and experienced pushback from progressive socialism. This reformist approach was reflected in a readiness to question revolutionary tenets of Marxist orthodoxy, as well as challenges to sections of scientific socialism. G.A. Kleene, a 19th-century economist, defined progressive socialism as Eduard Bernstein's stand against "'Old-School' Marxism."[19] Progressive socialism has historically been associated with reformist openness to question scientific socialism, such as by criticizing the law of growing misery.[20]

In France, the space between social revolution and the socially conservative laissez-faire centre-right was filled with the emergence of radicalism which thought that social progress required anti-clericalism, humanism, and republicanism. Especially anti-clericalism was the dominant influence on the centre-left in many French- and Romance-speaking countries until the mid-20th century. In Imperial Germany, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck enacted various progressive social welfare measures out of paternalistic conservative motivations to distance workers from the socialist movement of the time and as humane ways to assist in maintaining the Industrial Revolution.[21]

In 1891, the Roman Catholic Church encyclical Rerum novarum issued by Pope Leo XIII condemned the exploitation of labor and urged support for labor unions and government regulation of businesses in the interests of social justice while upholding the property right and criticising socialism.[22] A progressive Protestant outlook called the Social Gospel emerged in North America that focused on challenging economic exploitation and poverty and, by the mid-1890s, was common in many Protestant theological seminaries in the United States.[23]

### 20th century: U.S. Progressive Era, New Deal and post-war consensus

Main articles: Social:Progressive Era and New Deal coalition

Progressive Era

Theodore Roosevelt, 26th U.S. President, progressive conservative

Woodrow Wilson, 28th U.S. President, progressive liberal

Early 20th-century progressivism included support for American engagement in World War I and the creation of and participation in the League of Nations,[24][25] compulsory sterilisation in Scandinavia,[26] and eugenics in Great Britain,[27] and the temperance movement.[28][29] Progressives believed that progress was stifled by economic inequality, inadequately regulated monopolistic corporations, and conflict between workers and elites, arguing that corrective measures were needed.[30]

In the United States, progressivism began as an intellectual rebellion against the political philosophy of Constitutionalism[31] as expressed by John Locke and the Founding Fathers of America, whereby the authority of government depends on observing limitations on its just powers.[32] What began as a social movement in the 1890s grew into a popular political movement referred to as the Progressive Era; in the 1912 United States presidential election, all three U.S. presidential candidates claimed to be progressives. While the term progressivism represents a range of diverse political pressure groups, not always united, progressives rejected social Darwinism, believing that the problems society faced, such as class warfare, greed, poverty, racism and violence, could best be addressed by providing good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace. Progressives lived mainly in the cities, were college educated, and believed in a strong central government.[33] President Theodore Roosevelt of the Republican Party and later the Progressive Party declared that he "always believed that wise progressivism and wise conservatism go hand in hand."[34]

President Woodrow Wilson was also a member of the American progressive movement within the Democratic Party. Progressive stances have evolved. Imperialism was a controversial issue within progressivism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the United States, where some progressives supported American imperialism while others opposed it.[35] In response to World War I, President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points established the concept of national self-determination and criticised imperialist competition and colonial injustices. Anti-imperialists supported these views in areas resisting imperial rule.[36]

New Deal and Post-war consensus

Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd U.S. President, progressive liberal

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Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th U.S. President, progressive liberal

Rab Butler, a Deputy Prime Minister and U.K. First Secretary of State, progressive conservative

During the period of acceptance of economic Keynesianism (the 1930s–1970s), there was widespread acceptance in many nations of a large role for state intervention in the economy. The "progressive" brand was frequently identified with supporters of the New Deal by the year 1936.[37] While the more progressive Second New Deal was more controversial in the public, the progressive consensus of the New Deal was strong, and even future moderate Republican presidents like Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon worked to preserve it. The New Deal provided the context for future expansive progressive programs, especially the Great Society measures of Lyndon Johnson's administration. With the rise of neoliberalism and challenges to state interventionist policies in the 1970s and 1980s, centre-left progressive movements responded by adopting the Third Way, which emphasised a major role for the market economy.[38] There have been social democrats who have called for the social-democratic movement to move past Third Way.[39] Prominent progressive conservative elements in the British Conservative Party, such as from the likes of Rab Butler,[40] promoted the post-war consensus, and others have criticised neoliberalism.[41]

## Into the 21st century and social democratic turn

Progressive Alliance

### International organizing

Main articles: Organization:Progressive Alliance and Progressive International

Founded in Leipzig, Germany, on May 22, 2013, the Progressive Alliance is an international political organization made up primarily of social democratic political parties and organizations.[42] The organization was established as a substitute for the already-existing Socialist International, of which many of its constituent parties are either present or previous members.[43][44][45][46][47][48] In January 2012, Sigmar Gabriel, then chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), decided to terminate the SPD's annual membership fee of £100,000 to the Socialist International. Gabriel criticized Socialist International for admitting and maintaining undemocratic political movements, leading to the establishment of the Progressive Alliance.[49][50][51] The organization has a stated goal to become the worldwide network of "the progressive, democratic, social-democratic, socialist, and labour movement."[52][53]

Progressive International

Bernie Sanders, United States Senator from Vermont

Yanis Varoufakis, former Greek Minister of Finance

PI logo

In May 2020, Progressive International was formally founded and launched on 11 May 2020, responding to a 2018 open call by the Democracy in Europe Movement and the Sanders Institute for united progressive forces around the globe.[54][55][56] The open call was echoing two twinned appeals published in 2018 by U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders and Yanis Varoufakis, who is a Greek economist and self-described libertarian Marxist,[57] to form an international movement to combat the rise of hard right authoritarianism and potential neofascist global influence represented by U.S. president Donald Trump.[58] PI's founding was supported by a group of 40 advisors including Ece Temelkuran,[59] Katrín Jakobsdóttir, Yanis Varoufakis,[60] Carola Rackete, Nick Estes, Vanessa Nakate, Noam Chomsky,[10] Arundhati Roy, Naomi Klein,[61] Niki Ashton,[10] Rafael Correa, Fernando Haddad, Celso Amorim, and Alvaro Garcia Linera.[62] PI seeks to combat authoritarian nationalism around the world and is opposed to what it describes as disaster capitalism.[63]

### Europe

Main articles: Social:Blairism and Labour Party leadership of Jeremy Corbyn

#### United Kingdom

Greens taking part in the 2011 London anti-cuts protest in the United Kingdom

20th century progressivism in the United Kingdom highlights enduring tension and factionalism between more avowedly left-wing progressives and those who incorporate more syncretic politics into their progressivism. Groups like the Institute for Public Policy Research, the Fabian Society, and Progressive Britain are organizations represent a wide variety of U.K. progressive thought. Progressivism in the United Kingdom has seen shifts from New Labour's early dominance to the rise of cultural liberalism, environmentalism from the Green Party, and grassroots movements with a variety of focuses, including pro-Palestine anti-war causes, radical democracy, and universal basic income.[64][65][66] Tony Blair's government represented a significant period of progressive growth, although his politics were more centrist than previous progressive movements that leaned further left, and his government faced criticisms for its Third Way market-oriented policies and emphasis on deregulation.[67] The Blairite consensus was dominant within U.K. progressivism from the mid-1990s and through the end of Blair’s premiership, which ended in 2007. New Labour continued to evolve with the subsequent Labour leadership of Gordon Brown and was formally abandoned by his successor, Ed Miliband, for One Nation Labour in 2010.[68][69]

Jeremy Corbyn (right), U.K. Labour leader from 2015 to 2020, and Keir Starmer (left), U.K. Prime Minister since July 5, 2024

Jeremy Corbyn represented a staunch return of the Labour party platform to its more historic democratic socialism with a focus on nationalization,[70] robust public spending,[71] and both anti-austerity and anti-war stances.[72] Corbyn appealed to a progressive left base disillusioned with previous Labour governments, but he was a controversial figure in the party who oscillated between a loyal base of support and electability concerns.[73] Subsequent leader and eventual prime minister Keir Starmer shifted Labour toward pragmatic, economically cautious centrism, striving for electability by striking a balance between broad public appeal, traditional Labour beliefs, and Starmer's own conviction that economic changes made previous more left-wing economic positions untenable.[74][75][76][77] The animosity between Corbyn and Starmer intensified with Starmer's suspension of Corbyn from Labour in 2020, accusing Corbyn of an inadequate response to antisemitism. Corbyn was supported against these accusations by Progressive International.[78] Starmer said in 2023 that "the very best of progressive politics is found in our determination to push Britain forward," but "there are precious things – in our way of life, in our environment, in our communities – that it is our responsibility to protect and preserve and to pass on to future generations. If that sounds Conservative, then let me tell you: I don't care."[79] Corbyn supported the foundation of the socialist Your Party in 2025 with Zarah Sultana in a further schism for U.K. left-leaning progressive politics. Facing challenges from Brexit and increased right-wing presence, contemporary progressivism in the United Kingdom can be characterized by increasing cultural liberalism[80] and factionalism surrounding the role of capitalism in society.

### Latin America

Main articles: Social:Lulism, Kirchnerism, Presidency of Andrés Manuel López Obrador, and Morena (political party)

#### Argentina

Néstor Kirchner, 55th President of Argentina, and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, 56th President, in September of 2010–one of their last public appearances before Néstor's death

Kirchnerism in Argentina refers to the political strategies of Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who were successive Presidents of Argentina. In favor of his wife, Néstor Kirchner chose not to run for reelection in 2007 after taking office on May 25, 2003. After Isabel Perón, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was the first woman to be elected directly to the presidency of Argentina. Cristina Kirchner has led the Justicialist Party since 2024.[81][82] Kirchnerist policies are labeled Peronist, progressive, and left-wing.[83] Social services were sponsored by Kirchnerist administrations, which were perceived as blatantly anti-neoliberal. Some political scientists propose the term "Pink Tide neopopulism" to characterize movements that are regarded as a response and a counter to neoliberalism. This is in contrast to the neoliberal populism that was prevalent in the 1990s. Kirchnerism is seen as a response and a counter to neoliberalism.[84] Healthcare and income transfers were greatly increased, most notably by giving 15 million people—roughly 41% of the country's total population—free prescription drugs.[85] Kirchnerists also adopted the traditional Peronist strategy of endorsing wage hikes and participating in labor battles. Argentina's period without widespread strikes during the Kirchnerist governments was only surpassed by the 1946–1955 era of Perón’s government.[86]

#### Brazil

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, 35th and 39th President of Brazil, taking pictures with supporters at São Bernardo do Campo

Lulism in Brazil demonstrates the broad coalitional and reformist nature of contemporary progressivism. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's 2022 presidential comeback campaign was a progressive resurgence narrative focused on the working class and anti-corruption, running against incumbent right-wing populist President Jair Bolsonaro.[87][88][89] Lula was 17% ahead of Bolsonaro in a poll in January 2022 in what was seen as an early sign of shifting progressive sentiment in the voting population against far-right politics of the Bolsonaro government.[90] In the first round of the presidential election, Lula was in first place with 48% of the electorate, qualifying for the second round with Bolsonaro, who received 43% of the votes. Lula was elected in the second round on 30 October with 50.89% of the vote, the smallest margin in the history of Brazil's presidential elections.[91][92] Lulism features an overlaps in political parties, including the Workers' Party founded by Lula.[93] While seeing a democratic socialist society as the ultimate goal, Lula has called for a reformist "social liberal" approach to begin resolving poverty gap while acknowledging the reality of existing market structures.[94][95][96]

#### Mexico

Andrés Manuel López Obrador (right), 65th President of Mexico, and Claudia Sheinbaum (left), then Head of Government of Mexico City and eventual 66th Mexican president, in June 2019

Described as a social democratic progressive and left-wing populist,[97] Andrés Manuel López Obrador, or AMLO, was a national politician for over three decades, and ultimately elected President of Mexico following a 2018 landslide victory.[98] López Obrador has been characterized as the "ideological twin" of Bernie Sanders and Jeremy Corbyn, and Corbyn invited López Obrador to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.[99][100][101][102] After winning the 2019 election in Argentina, López Obrador formed a "progressive alliance"[103] with President Alberto Fernández, as reported by El País, marking one of López Obrador's first official trips abroad to Mexico.[103] During his presidency, López Obrador commenced a number of progressive social reforms and encouraged public investment in industries that had been liberalized by earlier administrations. His supporters commended him for reorienting the nation's neoliberal consensus toward bettering the working class's situation and for fostering institutional rejuvenation following decades of extreme inequality and corruption.[104] While credited and praised by supporters for progressive reforms, López Obrador has also received criticism for illiberality and contributing to democratic backsliding.[105][106]

One of López Obrador's first measures was to raise the minimum wage from MXN $88.36 to MXN $102.68, representing a 16.2% increase—the biggest since 1996. This revision had an immediate impact on average worker salaries, which increased by 5.7%.[107] López Obrador executed his promised "Republican Austerity" upon taking office as well, which aimed to cut spending on political privileges and non-essential government products and services.[108] He canceled presidential pensions and imposed a pay cap for government personnel, ensuring that no one could earn more than the president.[109] López Obrador reduced his own compensation by 60% and chose not to live in Los Pinos, the expensive presidential complex with upkeep costs totaling around MXN $30 billion over the last two administrations.[110][111] López Obrador auctioned away several government planes and helicopters[112] including the presidential plane "José María Morelos y Pavón",[113] for roughly MXN $1.658 billion.[114] The auction revenues supported hospitals in Tlapa, Guerrero, and Tuxtepec, Oaxaca.[115]

The AMLO presidency also aimed to streamline the bureaucratic structure of the Mexican government, which López Obrador characterized as benefiting elites and mismanaging public finances.[116] The AMLO budgets often included spending cuts to various government agencies, including prosecutors and the public health system, leading to layoffs, salary reductions, and poorer services.[117][118] To centralize operations and address the reduced workforce, López Obrador often utilized the military for infrastructure projects.[116][119] López Obrador called for the removal of independent government bodies in February 2024, saying that they duplicated the work of some cabinet ministries, suggesting that their duties be taken over by the Mexican cabinet to save funds and promote government efficiency.[120][121] The proposal faced widespread condemnation, including from opposition members who criticized it as retribution against autonomous agencies.[122] In the same month, López Obrador successfully proposed a constitutional amendment requiring the minimum wage to consistently rise above the rate of inflation.[123]

Claudia Sheinbaum, a member of the left-wing political party Morena, was widely perceived by her party as the frontrunner to succeed López Obrador, and she eventually received the candidacy of the ruling coalition, Sigamos Haciendo Historia.[124] Xóchitl Gálvez emerged as the opposition frontrunner in Fuerza y Corazón por México.[125] On October 1, 2024, Sheinbaum was sworn in as president, becoming the first woman and person of Jewish origin to assume the office.[lower-alpha 1][127][128][129] Ifigenia Martínez, president of the Congress of the Union and a noted figure for the Mexican left, awarded her the presidential sash.[130][131] The Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT), the Federal Economic Competition Commission (COFECE), the National Institute of Transparency for Access to Information and Personal Data Protection (INAI), the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE), the National Hydrocarbons Commission (CNH), the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL), the National Institute for the Evaluation of Education (MejorEdu), and the Federal Economic Competition Commission were among the seven autonomous agencies that Sheinbaum consolidated into executive authority.[132] Critics claimed that the measure compromised openness, regulatory independence, and limits on executive power.[133][134] On 5 February 2025, Sheinbaum offered a constitutional reform to Congress prohibiting immediate reelection and barring family members of sitting officeholders from campaigning for the same public offices.[135] The Senate delayed implementation of the reform until 2030.[136] The bill was published on 1 April.[137]

### North America

#### Canada

Justin Trudeau, 23rd Prime Minister of Canada, at a 2022 protest in Ottawa

While not a member of the Progressive Alliance like the further-left New Democratic Party,[138] Canada's Liberal Party experienced progressive inclination in the 21st century from the premiership of Justin Trudeau, who was a self-described progressive liberal.[139] The Trudeau government's economic vision was initially based on greater tax collections to compensate for increased government spending. While the government has not balanced the budget, it has cut Canada's debt-to-GDP ratio annually until 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic struck.[140][141] Trudeau self-described his cultural policy as staunchly feminist and progressive, and his government advocated for the advancement of abortion rights,[142] introduced the bill that made Canadian conversion therapies illegal,[143] established the right to medically-assisted death,[144] and legalized cannabis for recreational use.[145] Trudeau made the announcement in 2021 that a national strategy for child care would be developed with the objective of lowering the cost of day care at a rate of ten dollars per day for each child during a period of five years.[146] The Trudeau administration supported green politics through new pledges to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2030 and to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050[147] via a federal carbon pricing policy.[148] Additionally, legislation for marine protection was passed by Trudeau's parliament[149] as well as banning six common single-use plastic products[150] and improving evaluations of environmental impact.[151] Despite a generally green stance, Trudeau supported oil and gas pipelines to bring Canadian fossil fuel resources to foreign markets, which was met with opposition from environmental activists.[152]

In March 2022, the NDP agreed on a confidence and supply arrangement with the Liberal Party, including policies such as establishing a national dental care program for low-income Canadians, progress toward a national pharmacare program, labor reforms for federally regulated workers, and additional taxes on financial institutions.[153] The NDP and the Liberal Party terminated their confidence and supply agreement in September 2024. The agreement had been in place since March 2022, however it was terminated nine months ahead of schedule.[154] On January 6, 2025, during a political crisis, Trudeau announced he would resign as Liberal leader and Prime Minister by 24 March 2025 upon the election of a new party leader, attributing his decision to intraparty dissent.[155] The Liberal Party moved further from its more progressive stances toward the center under new leadership from Mark Carney,[156][157][158] who became the first prime minister in Canadian history never to have held elected office. Carney would lead the Liberals to a minority government in late 2025 after advising the Governor General to dissolve Parliament and trigger a federal election.

#### United States

President Obama (center) nominating Richard Cordray (right) as the first director of the CFPB. Elizabeth Warren (left) conceived of the CFPB and was both its inaugural interim director and special advisor Senator Sanders and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, democratic progressive socialists in the U.S.

In the United States, both the Progressive Era and the modern movement are rooted in the notion that free markets lead to economic inequalities that can be fixed through government action and protect the working class.[159] In the 21st century, progressives continue to favor public policy that they theorize will reduce or lessen the harmful effects of economic inequality and additionally are focused on ending systemic discrimination such as institutional racism; to advocate for social safety nets and workers' rights; and to oppose corporate influence on the democratic process. The unifying theme is to call attention to the negative impacts of current institutions or ways of doing things and to advocate for social progress, i.e., for positive change as defined by any of several standards such as the expansion of democracy, increased egalitarianism in the form of economic and social equality as well as improved well-being of a population. Proponents of social democracy have identified themselves as promoting the progressive cause.[160] Landmark developments in progressive governance include the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which was originally proposed in 2007 by Elizabeth Warren, a self-described progressive capitalist[161] who played a key role in its institutional creation.[162][163] In reaction to the 2008 financial crisis and the ensuing Great Recession, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which was passed in 2010, established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau[164] as an independent bureau within the Federal Reserve.[165]

U.S. Congressional Progressive Caucus PAC emblem

The Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign road a wave of left-wing populist and progressive sentiment coming out of the 2008 financial crisis and the Occupy Wall Street movement. The campaign and Sanders himself praised social democratic programs in Europe and supported workplace democracy via union democracy, worker cooperatives, and workers' management of public enterprises.[166][167] [168][169][170] This continued into his 2020 presidential campaign and the Fighting Oligarchy tour with Alexandria Ocasio Cortez, sharply critiquing neoliberal capitalism.[171][172][170][173] Sanders and broader coalitions like the Congressional Progressive Caucus have called for universal, single-payer healthcare, living wage laws, reductions in military expenditure, increased corporate regulation, ending mass incarceration, and strong measures to reverse climate change.[174] Some socialists and major socialist organizations have described Sanders as a democratic socialist, market socialist, or reformist socialist,[175][176][177][178] while others have called him a reformist social democrat.[179][180] Throughout the mid-2020s, progressive politics in the United States are continually moving toward left-populist economic policies, as seen in the insurgent campaigns of Zohran Mamdani (who was successfully elected the 111th mayor of New York City in 2025),[181][182][183] and Senate candidate for Maine Graham Platner.[184][185] As a candidate and as mayor, Mamdani has called for New York City to raise the local minimum wage to $30 by 2030,[186] implementing higher taxes on corporations and high-income earners to fund free tuition at CUNY and SUNY, universal childcare, city-owned grocery stores, and free public transit, while cutting taxes for outer-borough homeowners and reforming New York's property tax system.[lower-alpha 2]

## Types

Part of a series on

Liberalism

History

* Age of Enlightenment
* List of liberal theorists (contributions to liberal theory)

Ideas

* Civil and political rights
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and Democrats for Europe
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Related topics

* Bias in academia
* Bias in the media

*   *

* v
* t
* e

### Cultural progressivism

Main article: Social:Cultural liberalism

The term cultural liberalism is used in a substantially similar context and can be said to be a synonym for cultural progressivism, deriving from the concept of moral progress and viewing liberalism as central to the development of culture.[192][193] Cultural progressives may be economically centrist, conservative, or progressive. For example, American libertarians, who are a prominent strain of neoclassical liberalism, are often characterized by their fiscal conservatism and cultural progressivism. The Czech Pirate Party is classified as a culturally progressive party,[194] and it calls itself "economically centrist and socially liberal."[195] Economist Emily Chamlee-Wright has written that cultural liberalism is one of the "Four Corners of Liberalism" (the other three being economic, epistemic, and political), describing cultural liberalism as "encourag[ing] us to experiment with different ways of living. It allows us to learn that peaceful coexistence in a pluralistic society is possible. And it helps to ensure that minority communities are considered full-fledged participants in the social order." Chamlee-Wright noted a special interchange between political liberality and cultural progressivism, pointing to Jonathan Rauch's contention that "the legalization of gay marriage would not have happened without free speech, which drove cultural progress. But that cultural progress arguably accelerated change that favored a politically liberal outcome."[196] Civil libertarianism is considered a more radical variant of cultural liberalism or cultural progressivism.[197]

### Economic progressivism

Part of a series on

Social democracy

History

* Age of Enlightenment
* Frankfurt Declaration
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* Godesberg Program
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* Internationalist–defencist schism
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* {{{sp}}}|uk|s|z}}ation
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People

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{{{sp}}}|uk|s|z}}ations

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By region

* Austria
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Related

* Communism
* "The Internationale"
* Socialism
* Types of socialism

* '
* '
* '

* v
* t
* e

Main article: Social:Economic progressivism

Economic progressivism—also New Progressive Economics[198]—is a term used to distinguish it from progressivism in cultural fields. Economic progressives may draw from a variety of economic traditions, including democratic capitalism, democratic socialism, social democracy, and social liberalism. Overall, economic progressives' views are rooted in the concept of social justice and the common good, and aim to improve the human condition through government regulation, social protections and the maintenance of public goods.[199] Some economic progressives may show centre-right views on cultural issues. These movements are related to communitarian conservative movements such as Christian democracy and one-nation conservatism.[8][9]

### Techno progressivism

Main article: Philosophy:Techno-progressivism

An early mention of techno-progressivism appeared in 1999 as the removal of "all political, cultural, biological, and psychological limits to self-actualization and self-realization".[200] According to techno-progressivism, scientific and technical aspects of progress are linked to ethical and social developments in society. Therefore, according to the majority of techno-progressive viewpoints, advancements in science and technology will not be considered proper progress until and unless they are accompanied by a fair distribution of the costs, risks, and rewards of these new capabilities. Many techno-progressive critics and supporters believe that while improved democracy, increased justice, decreased violence, and a broader culture of rights are all desirable, they are insufficient on their own to address the problems of modern technological societies unless and until they are accompanied by scientific and technological advancements that uphold and apply these ideals.[201][202][self-published source?]

## Progressive parties or parties with progressive factions

### Current parties

* Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Solidarity Party of Afghanistan
* Argentina: Union for the Homeland (factions)[203][204][205]
* Australia: Australian Greens,[206] Fusion Party, Australian Labor Party (factions)
* Barbados: United Progressive Party
* Brazil: Workers' Party,[207] Brazilian Socialist Party (factions),[208] Democratic Labour Party,[209] Socialism and Liberty Party[210]
* Canada: Liberal Party of Canada,[211][212][213][214] New Democratic Party, Canadian Future Party
* Chile: Broad Front, Liberal Party of Chile
* Colombia: Humane Colombia
* Croatia: Social Democratic Party[215]
* Czech Republic: Czech Pirate Party[194][216]
* France: Radical Party of the Left, New Deal[217]
* Germany: Volt Germany,[218] Alliance 90/The Greens, Party of Humanists
* Greece: Syriza,[219][220][221][222] Course of Freedom
* Hungary: Democratic Coalition
* Italy: Possible, Green Europe
* Indonesia: Green Party of Indonesia[223]
* Japan: Social Democratic Party, Japanese Communist Party,[224][225][226] Reiwa Shinsengumi[227]
* Kosovo: Vetëvendosje
* Kuwait: Kuwaiti Progressive Movement
* Mexico: Morena, Party of the Democratic Revolution, Citizens' Movement
* Netherlands: Democrats 66, GroenLinks,[228][229][230][231][232] PvdA[229][230][231][232][233]
* Pakistan: Pakistan Peoples Party
* Peru: New Peru for Good Living
* Philippines: Akbayan[234]
* Poland: Polish Initiative, New Left, Left Together, Polish Socialist Party, The Greens, Civic Platform (faction)
* Portugal: Socialist Party, Left Bloc, People Animals Nature,[235] LIVRE, Volt Portugal
* Romania: Save Romania Union, Democracy and Solidarity Party, Volt Romania, Health Education Nature Sustainability Party
* Russia: Yabloko[236]
* Serbia: Party of the Radical Left
* Singapore: Progress Singapore Party[237]
* Slovakia: Progressive Slovakia
* South Korea: Justice Party, Progressive Party,[238][239] Mirae Party
* Spain: Spanish Socialist Worker's Party,[219][240] Más Madrid,[241][242] Sumar, Republican Left of Catalonia
* Taiwan: Democratic Progressive Party,[243][244] New Power Party, Taiwan People's Party (factions)
* Thailand: Thai Liberal Party,[245] People's Party
* Turkey: Republican People's Party (factions), Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party
* United Kingdom: Green Party of England and Wales,[246] Labour Party (factions), Liberal Democrats (factions), Scottish National Party, Plaid Cymru, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Transform
* United States: Democratic Party (factions),[247][248][249] Working Families Party,[250] Green Party of the United States[251]
* Venezuela: Popular Will

### Former parties

* Argentina: Front for Victory[252]
* Australia: Reason Party
* Canada: Progressive Party of Canada
* Chile: Social Convergence[253]
* France: Movement Party,[254] Opportunist Republicans
* Hong Kong: Demosisto
* Iran: Society for the Progress of Iran
* Israel: Meretz
* Japan: Japan Socialist Party
* Netherlands: Free-thinking Democratic League[255]
* New Zealand: Jim Anderton's Progressive Party
* Pakistan: Sindh National Front
* Poland: Spring, Your Movement
* Romania: Romanian Social Party, National Union for the Progress of Romania
* South Korea: Progressive Party (1956), Democratic Labor Party,[256][257] New Progressive Party, Unified Progressive Party
* Spain: Unidas Podemos
* Thailand: Move Forward Party
* United States: Progressive Party (1912), Progressive Party (1924), National Progressives of America/(Wisconsin), Progressive Party (1948)

## See also

* Affirmative action
* Democracy
* Democratic socialism
* Economic progressivism
* Egalitarianism
* Left-wing politics
* Green politics
* Left-libertarianism
* Left-wing nationalism
* Left-wing populism
* Liberal socialism
* Liberalism
* Modern liberalism in the United States
* Managerial state
* Progressive Era
* Progressive conservatism
* Progressive Party
* Progressive tax
* Radicalism (historical)
* Reformist party (Japan)
* Revisionism (Marxism)
* Secularism
* Secular liberalism
* Transhumanism
* New eugenics
* Techno-progressivism
* Transhumanist politics

## Notes

1. ↑ Carlos Salinas de Gortari, president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994, is of partial colonial-era Sephardic Jewish descent.[126]
2. ↑ Attributed to multiple references:[187][188][189][190][191]

## References

### Citations

1. ↑ "Progressivism in English". Oxford English Dictionary. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/progressivism.
2. ↑ Harold Mah. Enlightenment Phantasies: Cultural Identity in France and Germany, 1750–1914. Cornell University. (2003). p. 157.
3. ↑ Klaus P. Fischer, ed (2007). America in White, Black, and Gray: A History of the Stormy 1960s. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 39.
4. ↑ Great Courses, ed (2014). The Modern Political Tradition: Episode 17: Progressivism and New Liberalism. Great Courses. [ISBN missing]
5. ↑ Helen Hardacre, ed (2021). Japanese Constitutional Revisionism and Civic Activism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 136, 162. [ISBN missing]
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Gerstle, Gary (2022). The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0197519646. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646?cc=us&lang=en&. Retrieved August 1, 2024. "The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left."
7. ↑ "America Is Becoming a Social Democracy". 7 May 2021. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/07/america-is-becoming-a-social-democracy/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Did you know there's a third party based on Catholic teaching?". Catholic News Agency. 12 October 2016. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/34726/did-you-know-theres-a-third-party-based-on-catholic-teaching. "Politically, we would be considered center-right on social issues"
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "New political party says its roots are in Catholic Social Teaching". 26 November 2018. https://cruxnow.com/interviews/2018/11/new-political-party-says-its-roots-are-in-catholic-social-teaching/. "I was working on my doctoral dissertation largely concerning difficulties and opportunities for socially conservative, economically progressive movements, and desired to get involved in such movements ... and was glad to see that ASP was interested in applying such ways of thinking to contemporary issues."
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Leier, Elizabeth (2020-09-24). "Introducing Progressive International—a global left-wing solidarity movement" (in en). https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/introducing-progressive-internationala-global-left-wing-solidarity-movement.
11. ↑ Kant, Immanuel; Reiss, Hans Siegbert (1991). "Kant: political writings". Cambridge [England]; New York: Cambridge University Press. https://archive.org/details/kantpoliticalwri00kant/page/41/mode/2up.
12. ↑ Nisbet, Robert (1980). History of the Idea of Progress. New York: Basic Books. ch 5
13. ↑ Joyce Appleby; Lynn Hunt; Margaret Jacob (1995). Telling the Truth about History. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 78. ISBN 9780393078916. https://books.google.com/books?id=O0aCcnVcbZcC&pg=78.
14. ↑ Nugent, Walter (2010). Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780195311068.
15. ↑ Alan Ryan. The Making of Modern Liberalism. p. 25.
16. ↑ Patrick Dunleavy, Paul Joseph Kelly, Michael Moran. British Political Science: Fifty Years of Political Studies. Oxford, England; Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000. pp. 107–108. [ISBN missing]
17. ↑ Robert Blake. Disraeli. Second Edition. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode (Publishers) Ltd, 1967. p. 524.[ISBN missing]
18. ↑ Sydney Frank Markham (1930). A History of Socialism. A. & C. Black, Limited. pp. 20–21. https://books.google.com/books?id=tq4VAAAAMAAJ.
19. ↑ G.A. Kleene (1915). Socialism - The Handbook Series. New York, NY: H.W. Wilson Company. p. 107. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Socialism/0RANAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0. Retrieved 2025-12-25. "Within the past few years, however, Marxism, as a theory and a political method, has entered upon a crisis that perhaps indicates its dissolution, while in the movement represented by Bernstein, the editor and biographer of Lassalle, but long known as a Marxist, there has come to the front a Socialism that bears closer resemblance to that of Lassalle than to that of Marx. Lassalle is not invoked as its leader; the cry ‘Back to Lassalle’ has not been raised, but there is, nevertheless, a turning from Marxian materialism to idealism, from marxian dislike of patriotism and the national spirit to an acknowledgment of the importance of national interests, from Marxian hatred of the present state to a recognition of what governments, as organized today, have done and can do for the laboring class."
20. ↑ James Edward Le Rossignol (1921). What is Socialism? An Explanation and Criticism of the Doctrines and Proposals of "scientific Socialism". New York, NY: Thomas Y. Crowley Company. p. 98. https://www.google.com/books/edition/What_is_Socialism/GjUmAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0. Retrieved December 25, 2025. "Kautsky said at the Lübeck Congress of 1901: ‘Increasing misery is to be understood only as a tendency, and not as an unconditional truth.’ In reply to him, Dr. David, a progressive socialist, said: ‘If one alters one’s opinion one should have the courage and strength to say, ‘We made a mistake.'"
21. ↑ Union Contributions to Labor Welfare Policy and Practice: Past, Present, and Future. Routledge, 16, 2013. p. 172. [ISBN missing]
22. ↑ Faith Jaycox. The Progressive Era. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2005. p. 85.
23. ↑ Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865–1915 (1940). [ISBN missing]
24. ↑ Freeden, Michael (2005). Liberal Languages: Ideological Imaginations and Twentieth-Century Progressive Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 144–165. ISBN 9780691116778. https://books.google.com/books?id=1Lpu8wwvA1AC&pg=144.
25. ↑ Ambrosius, Lloyd E. (April 2006). "Woodrow Wilson, Alliances, and the League of Nations". The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 5 (2): 139–165. doi:10.1017/S153778140000298X.
26. ↑ Roll-Hansen, Nils (1989). "Geneticists and the Eugenics Movement in Scandinavia". The British Journal for the History of Science 22 (3): 335–346. doi:10.1017/S0007087400026194. PMID 11621984.
27. ↑ Leonard, Thomas (2005). "Retrospectives: Eugenics and Economics in the Progressive Era". Journal of Economic Perspectives 19 (4): 207–224. doi:10.1257/089533005775196642. https://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/retrospectives.pdf. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
28. ↑ James H. Timberlake, Prohibition and the Progressive Movement, 1900–1920 (1970) [ISBN missing]
29. ↑ "Prohibition: A Case Study of Progressive Reform". Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/progress/prohib/.
30. ↑ Nugent, Walter (2010). Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 2. ISBN 9780195311068.
31. ↑ Waluchow, Wil (17 August 2018). "Constitutionalism". in Zalta, Edward N.. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/constitutionalism/.
32. ↑ Watson, Bradley (2020). Progressivism : the strange history of a radical idea. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. p. 11. ISBN 9780268106973.
33. ↑ "The Progressive Era (1890–1920)". The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project. . Retrieved 31 September 2014.
34. ↑ Lurie, Jonathan (2012). William Howard Taft: The Travails of a Progressive Conservative. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 196.
35. ↑ Nugent, Walter (2010). Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 33. ISBN 9780195311068.
36. ↑ Reconsidering Woodrow Wilson: Progressivism, Internationalism, War, and Peace. p. 309. [ISBN missing]
37. ↑ Tugwell, R. G. (September 1950). "The New Deal: The Progressive Tradition". The Western Political Quarterly 3 (3): 390–427. doi:10.2307/443352.
38. ↑ Jane Lewis, Rebecca Surender. Welfare State Change: Towards a Third Way?. Oxford University Press, 2004. pp. 3–4, 16. [ISBN missing]
39. ↑ After the Third Way: The Future of Social Democracy in Europe. I.B. Taurus, 2012. p. 47. [ISBN missing]
40. ↑ Campbell, John (2010). Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown. p. 255.: Vintage. ISBN 978-1-845-95091-0.
41. ↑ Hugh Bochel. The Conservative Party and Social Policy. The Policy Press, 2011. p. 108. [ISBN missing]
42. ↑ Jean-Jacques Lambin (2014). Rethinking the Market Economy: New Challenges, New Ideas, New Opportunities. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-137-39291-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=y4CEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA269.
43. ↑ Lamb, Peter, ed (2015). Historical Dictionary of Socialism. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 436. ISBN 978-1-4422-5827-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=vSHuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA436.
44. ↑ Talbot C. Imlay (2018). The Practice of Socialist Internationalism: European Socialists and International Politics, 1914–1960. Oxford University Press. p. 465. ISBN 978-0-19-964104-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=5fU-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA465.
45. ↑ Nathan Gilbert Quimpo (2020). "The Post-war Rise and Decline of the Left". The Political Economy of Southeast Asia: Politics and Uneven Development Under Hyperglobalisation. Springer Nature. p. 150. ISBN 978-3-03-028255-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=B1TUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150.
46. ↑ "Social Democrats Seek Revival on 150th b-day". The Local. 22 May 2013. http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20130522-49847.html.
47. ↑ Borriss, Gernot (10 May 2013). "Sozialistisch war gestern, progressiv ist heute: SPD lädt zur Gründung eines internationalen Parteiennetzwerkes nach Leipzig". Leipziger Zeitung. https://www.l-iz.de/politik/leipzig/2013/05/Sozialistisch-war-gestern-progressiv-ist-heute-SPD-48198.
48. ↑ Von Aert van Riel (16 April 2013). "07.05.2013: SPD spaltet Internationale". Neues Deutschland. http://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/820762.spd-spaltet-internationale.html.
49. ↑ "SPD will Sozialistischer Internationale den Geldhahn zudrehen und den Mitgliedsbeitrag nicht zahlen". Der Spiegel. 22 January 2012. http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/vorab/a-810543.html.
50. ↑ Sigmar Gabriel (3 February 2011). "Gastbeitrag: Keine Kumpanei mit Despoten" (in de). Frankfurter Rundschau. http://www.fr-online.de/meinung/keine-kumpanei-mit-despoten,1472602,7705378.html.
51. ↑ Christian Salm (2016). Transnational Socialist Networks in the 1970s: European Community Development Aid and Southern Enlargement. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. xiv. ISBN 978-1-137-55120-7.
52. ↑ "Basic document". Progressive Alliance. http://progressive-alliance.info/basic-document/.
53. ↑ "A Progressive Network for the 21st Century". Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). http://www.spd.de/scalableImageBlob/84620/data/20121217_progressive_alliance_abschlussstatement-data.pdf.
54. ↑ Adler, David; Varoufakis, Yanis (1 December 2018). "We shouldn't rush to save the liberal order. We should remake it.". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/dec/01/liberal-world-order-new-international-yanis-varoufakis-david-adler.
55. ↑ "An Open Call to All Progressive Forces". 30 November 2018. https://www.progressive-international.org/open-call/.
56. ↑ Moraga, Enrique Gomáriz (2022-02-17). "The Progressive Internationals in Latin America" (in en-US). https://latinoamerica21.com/en/the-progressive-internationals-in-latin-america/.
57. ↑ Varoufakis, Yanis. "Yanis Varoufakis thinks we need a radically new way of thinking about the economy, finance and capitalism". Ted. https://www.ted.com/speakers/yanis_varoufakis. "Yanis Varoufakis describes himself as a "libertarian Marxist", ..."
58. ↑ Varoufakis, Yanis (November 5, 2020). "Progressive International: Today we began organising the world’s progressives. Join us!" (in en-US). https://www.yanisvaroufakis.eu/2020/05/11/progressive-international-today-we-began-organising-the-worlds-progressives-join-us.
59. ↑ "Progressive International will launch to unite, organize, and mobilize progressive forces of the world" (in tr). https://hedep.org.tr/en/the-progressive-international-will-launch-with-a-mission-to-unite-organize-and-mobilize-progressive-forces-around-the-world/14235.
60. ↑ Varoufakis, Yanis (2020-05-11). "Progressive International: Today we began organising the world's progressives. Join us!" (in en-GB). https://www.yanisvaroufakis.eu/2020/05/11/progressive-international-today-we-began-organising-the-worlds-progressives-join-us/.
61. ↑ "The Progressive International: an open call to all progressive forces" (in en-GB). 2020-05-11. https://diem25.org/the-progressive-international-an-open-call-to-all-progressive-forces/.
62. ↑ Stilson, Robert. "The Progressive International: Leadership". https://capitalresearch.org/article/the-progressive-international-part-4/.
63. ↑ Adler, David. "Announcing the Progressive International" (in en). https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/announcing-progressive-international/.
64. ↑ Ay, Adem (October 24, 2025). "Inside the fight for radical democracy in Britain’s new left party". Waging Nonviolence. https://wagingnonviolence.org/2025/10/inside-fight-assemble-your-party-britain-new-left-party.
65. ↑ Kellner, Peter (January 9, 2025). "How progressive is the British public?". Prospect. https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/politics/68999/how-progressive-is-the-british-public.
66. ↑ Carnegie, Megan (August 8, 2022). "Gen Z: How young people are changing activism". BBC. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20220803-gen-z-how-young-people-are-changing-activism.
67. ↑ Giddens, Anthony (1998). The Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy. Polity Press. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-0745622675.
68. ↑ Murphy, Colm (May 7, 2022). "Kinship to Daggers Drawn: Tony Blair and Gordon Brown". Institut Montaigne. https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/expressions/kinship-daggers-drawn-tony-blair-and-gordon-brown. "As the New Labour era progressed, it became clear that Blair and Brown had different understandings of what they thought "modernization" should mean. Blair latched onto controversial public service reforms that, he believed, would 'break up the monoliths' and empower the individual. He attempted to introduce market mechanisms, internal competition, and autonomy from Westminster into public services, exemplified in the creation of 'foundation hospitals' and the introduction of university tuition fees. Brown, meanwhile, was warier of marketizing reforms and less likely than Blair to assume that private was better than public."
69. ↑ Dunt, Ian (25 September 2010). "Ed Miliband is more dangerous than they think". Politics. http://www.politics.co.uk/features/opinion-former-index/legal-and-constitutional/comment-ed-miliband-is-more-dangerous-than-they-think-$21384250.htm.
70. ↑ "Jeremy Corbyn backs greater public ownership for Labour". BBC. August 11, 2015. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-33839819.
71. ↑ "Coronavirus: Jeremy Corbyn says he was proved 'right' on public spending". BBC. March 27, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-52048213.
72. ↑ Goodman, Amy (September 14, 2015). "In Upset, Socialist Jeremy Corbyn Elected as U.K. Labour Leader on Antiwar, Pro-Refugee Platform". Democracy Now. https://www.democracynow.org/2015/9/14/in_upset_socialist_jeremy_corbyn_elected.
73. ↑ Frances, Ryan (June 27, 2016). "Whether Jeremy Corbyn goes or not, Britain’s progressives need to stick together". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jun/27/jeremy-corbyn-britain-labour-hard-right. "‘I’d leave if Corbyn’s ousted,’ is currently a common statement on social media. ‘If Corbyn goes, it’s all gone,’ a friend told me (perhaps as a symbol of Labour’s problem, I’ve also had friends tell me that they’ll leave the party if Corbyn stays). Even before the events of the past 24 hours – indeed, straight after the referendum result – there were Labour members announcing similar intentions. As one signatory on the petition of confidence in Corbyn put it: ‘Force him out and I will personally organise a burning of membership cards outside [Labour] HQ.’"
74. ↑ "Keir Starmer: The politics of a U-turn" (in en-GB). BBC News. 9 February 2024. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-68247994.
75. ↑ "All Keir Starmer's Labour U-turns in one place" (in en-GB). 8 February 2024. https://www.politico.eu/article/keir-starmer-labour-party-uk-election-u-turns/.
76. ↑ Barradale, Greg (16 May 2024). "All of Keir Starmer's screeching U-turns and abandoned policy pledges" (in en-US). https://www.bigissue.com/news/politics/keir-starmer-broken-promises-tuition-fees-nationalisation-u-turn/.
77. ↑ "How many of Sir Keir Starmer's 10 pledges still stand?". 2 May 2023. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/rachel-reeves-jonathan-ashworth-lisa-nandy-steve-reed-government-b2330892.html.
78. ↑ Progressive International (March 28, 2023). "We Stand with Jeremy Corbyn". Progressive International. https://progressive.international/wire/2020-10-31-we-stand-with-jeremy-corbyn/en.
79. ↑ Duggan, Joe (13 May 2023). "'I don't care' if Labour's priorities sound conservative, says Keir Starmer". The Independent. https://inews.co.uk/news/keir-starmer-dont-care-labours-priorities-conservative-2338849.
80. ↑ Butler, Patrick (September 21, 2023). "Britain is much more liberal-minded than it was 40 years ago, study finds". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/sep/21/britain-is-much-more-liberal-minded-than-is-was-40-years-ago-study-finds.
81. ↑ "Justicialista Party declares Cristina Kirchner party president". Buenos Aires Herald. 7 November 2024. https://buenosairesherald.com/politics/justicialista-party-declares-cristina-kirchner-party-president.
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84. ↑ Nehring, Daniel; López, Magdalena; Michel, Gerardo Gómez (2019). A Post-Neoliberal Era in Latin America? Revisiting Cultural Paradigms. Bristol University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-5292-0131-4.
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91. ↑ Gortázar, Naiara Galarraga (31 October 2022). "Lula defeats Bolsonaro in the closest election in Brazil's history". https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-10-31/lula-defeats-bolsonaro-in-the-closest-election-in-brazils-history.html.
92. ↑ "Brazilian democracy is in danger". 3 November 2022. https://spec.hamilton.edu/brazilian-democracy-is-in-danger-aca8036f9cc1.
93. ↑ Duarte, Rachel (7 October 2010). "Em 30 anos de PT, Lula se tornou maior do que o partido" (in Portuguese). Sul 21. http://www.sul21.com.br/jornal/em-30-anos-de-pt-lula-se-tornou-maior-do-que-o-partido/.
94. ↑ Alejandro M. Peña, ed (2016). Transnational Governance and South American Politics: The Political Economy of Norms. Springer. p. 240. ISBN 9781137538635. https://books.google.com/books?id=M990DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA240. "In this manner, while the social liberalism of Lulismo favored the agenda of the local actors advancing sustainability and CSR projects in Brazil, and further tilted the discursive field in favor of the transnational sustainability ..."
95. ↑ Richard Sandbrook, ed (2014). Reinventing the Left in the Global South: The Politics of the Possible. Cambridge University Press. p. 155. "... President Luiz Inácio (Lula) de Silva during his first term (2003–6) followed social-liberal policies ..."
96. ↑ Boadle, Anthony (31 October 2022). "Brazil leftist Lula wins third presidential term to redeem tarnished legacy". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-leftist-lula-wins-third-presidential-term-redeem-tarnished-legacy-2022-10-31/.
97. ↑ "Lopez Obrador Progressive". https://alborada.net/lopez-obrador-mexico-election-left/.
98. ↑ "Mexico's populist would-be president" (in en). The Economist. 16 March 2017. https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21718906-mexico-city-we-have-problem-mexicos-populist-would-be-president. "A figure of national consequence for more than 20 years..."
99. ↑ "AMLO se reúne con Jeremy Corbin en el parlamento inglés". Excélsior. 6 September 2017. http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2017/09/06/1186639.
100. ↑ Matthew Campbell (13 May 2018). "'Corbyn's twin' Lopez Obrador poised for power in Mexico". https://www.thetimes.com/article/corbyns-twin-lopez-obrador-for-power-in-mexico-zfl7ppwnm.
101. ↑ Agren, David; Phillips, Tom (7 May 2018). "'Amlo': the veteran leftwinger who could be Mexico's next president". https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/07/who-is-amlo-mexico-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador-election.
102. ↑ Tucker, Duncan (25 June 2017). "Corbyn surge raises hopes that Mexico might soon have a friend in No 10". https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/25/jeremy-corbyn-wife-laura-alvarez-mexico-uk-relations.
103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 Manetto, Francesco (23 February 2021). "México y Argentina sellan un nuevo eje progresista en América Latina" (in es). El País. https://elpais.com/mexico/2021-02-24/mexico-y-argentina-sellan-un-nuevo-eje-progresista-en-america-latina.html.
104. ↑ Romero, Luis Gómez (2019-02-08). "López Obrador Takes on Corruption and Poverty in Mexico Through Austerity" (in en). https://psmag.com/economics/combatting-corruption-in-mexico-through-austerity.
105. ↑ García Magos, Alejandro (May 26, 2023). "Democratic backsliding in Mexico: Lessons for opponents of authoritarian populism". Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/democratic-backsliding-mexico-lessons-opponents-authoritarian-populism.
106. ↑ Berg, Ryan C.; Moraveg, Leonardo (May 31, 2024). "An Uncertain Future: Democratic Backsliding through Executive Aggrandizement under AMLO". Center for Strategic and International Studies. https://www.csis.org/analysis/uncertain-future-democratic-backsliding-through-executive-aggrandizement-under-amlo.
107. ↑ Forbes, Invitado (2019-07-16). "El aumento al salario mínimo que realizó AMLO desmiente varios mitos" (in es). https://www.forbes.com.mx/el-aumento-al-salario-minimo-que-realizo-amlo-desmiente-varios-mitos/#:~:text=Tomando en cuenta el MIR,se duplicó a 176.72 pesos..
108. ↑ Casas, Jesús Rivero (2019). "La política de austeridad como instrumento para el bienestar y el crecimiento económico en el gobierno de la "cuarta transformación": lógica y problemas de implementación" (in es). Buen Gobierno (27): 1–18. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5696/569660565002/html/.
109. ↑ Staff, Forbes (2018-11-05). "Ahora sí: ley pone fin a pensiones de expresidentes y recorta salarios" (in es). https://www.forbes.com.mx/ahora-si-adios-a-las-pensiones-de-expresidentes-y-recorte-a-altos-salarios-de-funcionarios/.
110. ↑ "La buena vida de Calderón y Peña en Los Pinos le costó a mexicanos más de 30 mil millones de pesos" (in es). 2018-12-01. https://www.sinembargo.mx/30-11-2018/3504880.
111. ↑ Sieff, Kevin (2018-12-02). "Mexico’s president has turned the presidential mansion into a museum" (in en-US). Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/12/01/mexicos-president-has-turned-presidential-mansion-into-museum/.
112. ↑ "Esta es la lujosa flota de aeronaves del Gobierno que puso en venta AMLO" (in es-ES). 2021-03-05. https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/03/05/esta-es-la-lujosa-flota-de-aeronaves-del-gobierno-que-puso-en-venta-amlo/.
113. ↑ "Comienza el proceso de venta del avión presidencial de México". 2018-12-03. https://www.france24.com/es/20181203-venta-avion-presidencial-mexico-amlo.
114. ↑ Arista, Lidia (2023-04-21). "Avión presidencial tiene nuevo dueño; México celebra contrato con Tayikistán" (in es). https://politica.expansion.mx/presidencia/2023/04/20/amlo-informa-la-venta-del-avion-presidencial.
115. ↑ Soto, Dulce (2023-12-01). "El Gobierno de AMLO construye apenas dos hospitales con el dinero del avión presidencial" (in es). https://politica.expansion.mx/mexico/2023/11/30/amlo-construye-apenas-dos-hospitales-avion-presidencial.
116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 "How Morena Turned Anti-Corruption Politics Into Class Politics" (in en-US). https://jacobin.com/2024/06/morena-amlo-anti-corruption-class-politics.
117. ↑ Moy, Valeria (2019-05-29). "AMLO’s False Sense of Austerity" (in en-US). https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/amlos-false-sense-of-austerity/.
118. ↑ Sheridan, Mary Beth (2019-07-15). "López Obrador’s cost-cutting spree is transforming Mexico — and drawing blowback from bureaucrats" (in en-US). Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/lopez-obradors-cost-cutting-spree-is-transforming-mexico--and-drawing-blowback-from-bureaucrats/2019/07/14/5e187b5e-66c2-11e9-a698-2a8f808c9cfb_story.html.
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120. ↑ "Dictamen del ‘Plan C’: ¿qué órganos autónomos propone eliminar Morena y cómo lo justifica?" (in en). 2024-07-30. https://animalpolitico.com/verificacion-de-hechos/te-explico/dictamen-eliminar-organos-autonomos.
121. ↑ Carrasco, Por Carolina (2024-08-24). "Estos son los 7 órganos autónomos que desaparecen con reforma propuesta por AMLO y las Secretarías que absorberán sus funciones" (in es-ES). https://www.infobae.com/mexico/2024/08/24/estos-son-los-7-organos-autonomos-que-desaparecen-con-reforma-propuesta-por-amlo-y-las-secretarias-que-absorberan-sus-funciones/.
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123. ↑ "AMLO propone reforma al salario mínimo sobre la inflación: ¿En qué consiste?" (in es). 2024-02-06. https://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/economia/2024/02/05/amlo-reforma-salario-minimo-aumento-con-base-en-inflacion-mejora-salarial-maestros-y-policias/.
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129. ↑ Buschschlüter, Vanessa (3 June 2024). "Mexico elects Claudia Sheinbaum as first female president". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp4475gwny1o.
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180. ↑ Smolarek, Walter (February 4, 2020). "The Bernie Sanders campaign and building the movement for socialism in the US" (in en-US). Liberation News. https://www.liberationnews.org/the-bernie-sanders-campaign-and-building-the-movement-for-socialism-in-the-us/.
181. ↑ Basu, Zachary (June 21, 2025). "Zohran Mamdani taps progressive playbook for electrifying Gen Z" (in en). https://www.axios.com/2025/06/21/zohran-mamdani-gen-z-playbook-new-york-mayor.
182. ↑ López, Álvaro (November 6, 2025). "The Left Is About to Take Power. The Stakes Could Not Be Higher." (in en-US). ISSN 0027-8378. https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/democratic-socialists-new-york-zohran-mamdani-government/.
183. ↑ Kozul-Wright, Alex (November 5, 2025). "Zohran Mamdani wins: Who are the Democratic Socialists of America?" (in en). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/11/5/zohran-mamdani-wins-who-are-the-democratic-socialists-of-america. "Zohran Mamdani, 34, has been elected the 111th mayor of New York City. The left-wing state assemblyman has pledged to reshape the global financial capital by making the city more affordable for its working-class residents and pushing back against the policies of President Donald Trump. In the mayoral election, Democrat Mamdani stood as the candidate for both the Democratic Party and the Working Families Party. He has also been a member of the Democratic Socialists of America since 2017 and describes himself as a democratic socialist."
184. ↑ "Graham Platner Really Might Be Doomed. Pay Attention to Him Anyway." (in en). 2025-12-05. https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2025/12/05/graham-platner-maine-senate-collins-00677731.
185. ↑ Rugenberg, Aaron (August 26, 2025). "Graham Platner Is the Real Deal". The Nation. https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/graham-platner-maine-senate/.
186. ↑ Donaldson, Sahalie (February 13, 2025). "Mamdani unveils '$30 by '30' minimum wage push as part of mayoral campaign" (in en). https://www.cityandstateny.com/policy/2025/02/mamdani-unveils-30-30-minimum-wage-push-part-mayoral-campaign/403015/.
187. ↑ Kim, Elizabeth; Campbell, Jon (October 22, 2024). "State Assemblymember Zohran Mamdani joins Adams' challengers for NYC mayor". https://gothamist.com/news/zohran-mamdani-running-mayor-eric-adams.
188. ↑ Richardson, Kemberly (June 19, 2025). "NYC Mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani talks political policies, including tax proposal, rent freezes". WABC-TV. https://abc7ny.com/post/nyc-mayor-candidates-2025-zohran-mamdani-polls-cuomo-primary-election/16736334/.
189. ↑ Helmore, Edward (June 29, 2025). "Trump threatens to cut off New York City funds if Mamdani 'doesn't behave'". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/29/trump-zohran-mamdani-nyc-funds.
190. ↑ Yousif, Nadine (June 29, 2025). "NYC mayoral frontrunner Mamdani: 'I don't think we should have billionaires'". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge57k5p4yo.
191. ↑ Henderson, Cameron (June 27, 2025). "Socialist New York mayor would raise taxes on 'white neighbourhoods'". The Daily Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/politics/2025/06/27/zohran-mamdani-plan-tax-white-neighbourhoods-new-york/.
192. ↑ Nancy L. Cohen, ed (2012). Delirium: The Politics of Sex in America. Catapult. ISBN 9781619020962. https://books.google.com/books?id=J90REAAAQBAJ&dq="Cultural+liberal"+Cultural+progressive&pg=PT145. "When the going got tough, the economic progressives got going back to the Reagan days when the cultural progressives were to blame. Clinton's presidential campaign had "signaled cultural moderation and articulated the pocketbook frustrations of ordinary people," Robert Kuttner, editor of The American Prospect ventured. "But in office, he seemed a cultural liberal who failed to produce on economics.""
193. ↑ Eric Alterman (7 April 2012). "Cultural Liberalism Is Not Enough". New York Times. https://archive.nytimes.com/campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/cultural-liberalism-is-not-enough. "The United States has undoubtedly become a fairer, more open and less oppressive society thanks largely to the political and cultural struggles waged by liberals during the past half century. The progress in securing basic human and civil rights for women, African-Americans, gay men and lesbians, immigrants and their children, Americans with disabilities and so many others is a testament to liberal courage in the face of adversity and oppression."
194. ↑ 194.0 194.1 Slawek Blitch. Finally, a healthy dose of anti-establishment. politicalcritique.org. 8 January 2018.
195. ↑ "Piráti chtějí vést liberální politický střed a v květnu získat 20 procent, zaznělo na fóru v Táboře" (in Czech). ČT24. 19 January 2019.
196. ↑ Emily Chamlee-Wright (January 31, 2022). "The Four Corners of Liberalism: Mapping Out a Common Ground" (in en). https://profectusmag.com/the-four-corners-of-liberalism-mapping-out-a-common-ground.
197. ↑ Boaz, David (December 2, 2025). "Libertarianism - Definition, Philosophy, Examples, History, & Facts" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/topic/libertarianism-politics.
198. ↑ Prokop, Andrew (4 October 2024). "The rise — and fall? — of the New Progressive Economics". Vox. https://www.vox.com/2024-elections/377170/kamala-harris-economic-policy-new-progressive-economics.
199. ↑ "The Origins and Evolution of Progressive Economics".
200. ↑ Sikora, Tomasz (2003). The Cultural Dimension of Waste: a Critique of the Ethos of Technology. Economic and Environmental Studies. pp. 103–112. https://czasopisma.uni.opole.pl/index.php/ees/article/download/2816/2272.
201. ↑ Carrico, Dale (2004). "The Trouble with "Transhumanism": Part Two". http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/carrico20041222/.
202. ↑ Carrico, Dale (2005). "Technoprogressivism Beyond Technophilia and Technophobia". http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/carrico20060812/.
203. ↑ "La llamativa definición política de Alberto Fernández: "Soy de la rama del liberalismo progresista peronista"". Clarín. 19 July 2019. https://www.clarin.com/politica/llamativa-definicion-politica-alberto-fernandez-rama-liberalismo-progresista-peronista_0_Ym3yLMfHX.html.
204. ↑ "Juan Grabois lanza el Frente Patria Grande que lideraría Cristina Kirchner" (in es). Perfil. 27 October 2018. https://www.perfil.com/noticias/politica/juan-grabois-lanza-el-frente-patria-grande-que-liderara-cristina-fernandez.phtml.
205. ↑ "Alberto Fernández: "Soy más hijo de la cultura hippie que de las veinte verdades peronistas"". 12 April 2020. https://www.perfil.com/noticias/periodismopuro/alberto-fernandez-soy-mas-hijo-de-la-cultura-hippie-que-de-las-veinte-verdades-peronistas.phtml.
206. ↑ Lopez, Daniel; Bandt, Adam (3 September 2021). "Australian Greens Are Building a Movement to End Neoliberalism". https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/09/australia-greens-green-new-deal-gnd-elections.
207. ↑ Liisa L. North, Timothy D. Clark, ed (2017). Dominant Elites in Latin America: From Neo-Liberalism to the 'Pink Tide'. Springer. p. 212. ISBN 9783319532554. https://books.google.com/books?id=WNsxDwAAQBAJ&dq=Brazil+"progressive+Workers'+Party"&pg=PA212. "In Brazil, as Simone Bohn makes straightforward (Chap. 3), the progressive Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT) governments did not threaten the power of the national elite or landlord class; ..."
208. ↑ "A trajetória do PSB, o Partido que quer lançar Joaquim Barbosa à Presidência", BBC News Brasil, https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-43887498
209. ↑ "O Que é ser progressist?", BBC News Brasil, https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-62491258
210. ↑ O que pensam os partidos progressistas sobre o "Efeito Lula", 17 March 2021, https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2021/03/17/o-que-pensam-os-partidos-progressistas-sobre-o-efeito-lula
211. ↑ Alvin Finkel (2012). Our Lives: Canada after 1945: Second Edition. James Lorimer & Company. p. 5. "... capitalism and a wise federal bureaucracy presided over by a progressive Liberal party with intelligent leaders."
212. ↑ Robert Harris (2018). Song of a Nation: The Untold Story of Canada's National Anthem. McClelland & Stewart.
213. ↑ "Trudeau made pushing his agenda more complicated with a failed bid for majority". CBC. 21 September 2021. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/hall-election-2021-analysis-1.6183615.
214. ↑ Emmett Macfarlane (2021). Dilemmas of Free Expression. University of Toronto Press. p. 317.
215. ↑ Gladoic, Andrea (14 June 2018). "Croatia's Largest Political Parties". https://www.expatincroatia.com/croatia-largest-political-parties/. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
216. ↑ Katerina Safarikova. "Czechs Eye 'Symbolic' Pirate Breakthrough in Europe". /balkaninsight.com. 21 May 2019.
217. ↑ "Notre charte fondatrice" (in fr). https://www.nouvelledonne.fr/nos-valeurs/.
218. ↑ "Volt Germany" (in de). https://voltdeutschland.org/programm/programme/themen.
219. ↑ 219.0 219.1 Gregor Fitzi, ed (2018). Populism and the Crisis of Democracy: Volume 3: Migration, Gender, and Religion. Routledge. ISBN 9781351608916. https://books.google.com/books?id=nGNwDwAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+SYRIZA&pg=PT44. "Progressive groups such as Syriza and Podemos6 tend, on the contrary, to show solidarity towards migrants and refugees, as in general being the weakest components of the society. The Five Star Movement that defines itself as neither ..."
220. ↑ Christopher Chase-Dunn, Paul Almeida, ed (2020). Global Struggles and Social Change: From Prehistory to World Revolution in the Twenty-First Century. JHU Press. p. 133. ISBN 9781421438634. https://books.google.com/books?id=nbD5DwAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+Syriza&pg=PA133. "The Arab Spring, the Latin American Pink Tide, the Indignados in Spain, the Occupy movement, the rise of progressive social movement– based parties in Spain (Podemos) and in Greece (Syriza), and the spike in mass protests in 2011 and ..."
221. ↑ Prebble Q. Ramswell, ed (2017). Euroscepticism and the Rising Threat from the Left and Right: The Concept of Millennial Fascism. Lexington Books. p. 86. ISBN 9781498546041. https://books.google.com/books?id=_wNBDwAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+Syriza&pg=PA86. "SYRIZA massively scooped up the votes of leftist, progressive, socially liberal young people, as well as the trade union voters, not specifically aligned with the Communist Party, to gain 52 seats."
222. ↑ Ken McMullen, Martin McQuillan, ed (2015). Oxi: An Act of Resistance: The Screenplay and Commentary, Including interviews with Derrida, Cixous, Balibar, and Negri. Lexington Books. p. 12. ISBN 9781783482702. https://books.google.com/books?id=XOHaDwAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+SYRIZA&pg=PA12. "The choice to be made for Syriza is between fidelity to a progressive social agenda and retaining Greece's place within a community of nations tied together by a commitment to a neoliberal global economy. The skill with which they ..."
223. ↑ "Mengenal Partai Hijau Indonesia: Suarakan Isu Lingkungan, Anti Mengultuskan Pemimpin" (in id). 8 February 2023. https://mojok.co/kotak-suara/mengenal-partai-hijau-indonesia-suarakan-isu-lingkungan-anti-mengultuskan-pemimpin/.
224. ↑ Matthew Allen, Rumi Sakamoto, ed (2007). Popular Culture, Globalization and Japan. Routledge. "... capturing 295 seats in the Diet. Progressive parties like the Japanese Communist Party and Social Democratic Party, ..."
225. ↑ Willy Jou, Masahisa Endo, ed (2016). EGenerational Gap in Japanese Politics: A Longitudinal Study of Political Attitudes and Behaviour. Springer. p. 29. ISBN 9781137503428. https://books.google.com/books?id=BDelDAAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+"Japanese+Communist+Party"&pg=PA29. "Conventional wisdom, still dominant in media and academic circles, holds that the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) occupy the conservative and progressive ends of the ideological spectrum, ..."
226. ↑ ""선제공격 능력 갖추자" 日정부 주장에…"시대착오적" 비판". Edaily. 13 November 2021. https://www.edaily.co.kr/news/Read?newsId=01439926629245392&mediaCodeNo=257. "... 개헌에 반대해 온 진보 성향의 일본공산당은 "적 기지에 대한 공격력을 갖추더라도 상대국의 지하나 이동발사대 등 미사일 위치를 모두 파악하고 파괴하는 것은 불가능하다"며 ..."
227. ↑ Brasor, Philip (20 July 2019). "Citizen campaigns seek to increase voter turnout in Upper House election". The Japan Times. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/07/20/national/media-national/citizen-campaigns-seek-increase-voter-turnout-upper-house-election/.
228. ↑ "GroenLinks (GL)" (in nl). https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrouwy1/groenlinks_gl.
229. ↑ 229.0 229.1 GroenLinks. "EEN PROGRESSIEF OPPOSITIEAKKOORD". https://groenlinks.nl/een-progressief-oppositieakkoord.
230. ↑ 230.0 230.1 GroenLinks. "PVDA EN GROENLINKS SLUITEN PROGRESSIEF OPPOSITIEAKKOORD". https://groenlinks.nl/nieuws/pvda-en-groenlinks-sluiten-progressief-oppositieakkoord.
231. ↑ 231.0 231.1 ProDemos NL. "Indeling van partijen". https://prodemos.nl/kennis/informatie-over-politiek/politieke-partijen/indeling-van-partijen/.
232. ↑ 232.0 232.1 "Progressief Oppositieakkoord" (in nl). https://www.pvda.nl/progressief-oppositieakkoord/.
233. ↑ "Partij van de Arbeid (PvdA)" (in nl). https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrouwxn/partij_van_de_arbeid_pvda.
234. ↑ "About Akbayan – Akbayan Party List" (in en-gb). https://akbayan.org.ph/who-we-are.
235. ↑ The politics of Portugal – who are the parties?, https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2022-01-25/the-politics-of-portugal-who-are-the-parties/64840
236. ↑ Lewis, Paul G. (2018). Party Development and Democratic Change in Post-Communist Europe: The First Decade. Taylor & Francis US. ISBN 9780714681740. https://books.google.com/books?id=jyQ3nR6Jls8C&q=progressivism+yabloko+russia&pg=PA160.
237. ↑ "The Progress Singapore Party Offers A 'Progressive' Vision for Singapore". 18 June 2020. https://www.ricemedia.co/current-affairs-features-progress-singapore-party-psp-tan-cheng-bock/.
238. ↑ "Minjung Party press conference". Yonhap News Agency. 11 October 2018. https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20200518227800320. "Members of the progressive Minjung Party hold a press conference in front of former President Chun Doo-hwan's home in Seoul on May 18, 2020."
239. ↑ "South Korea Backtracks on Easing Sanctions After Trump Comment". The New York Times. 11 October 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/11/world/asia/south-korea-north-sanctions-trump.html. ""The dog barks, but the caravan moves on," Lee Eun-Hae, a spokeswoman at the minor progressive Minjung Party, said in a statement about Mr. Trump and closer relations with North Korea."
240. ↑ Sebastián Royo, ed (2020). Why Banks Fail: The Political Roots of Banking Crises in Spain. Springer Nature. p. 298. ISBN 9781137532282. https://books.google.com/books?id=iM7tDwAAQBAJ&dq=progressive+"Unidas+Podemos"&pg=PA298. "As of January 2020 (the time of writing), a new leftist government coalition between the Socialist Party and the leftist populist Unidas Podemos that emerged from the November 2019 election is coming to power with a progressive agenda ..."
241. ↑ "Errejón pide a Gabilondo centrarse en lo importante, una mayoría progresista" (in Spanish). La Vanguardia. EFE (Madrid). 24 May 2019. https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20190524/462432376624/errejon-pide-a-gabilondo-centrarse-en-lo-importante-una-mayoria-progresista.html.
242. ↑ "The Center Cannot Hold in Spain, but Can the Left Take Advantage?". The Nation. 3 May 2021. https://www.thenation.com/article/world/spain-madrid-elections/.
243. ↑ "Democracy prevails in Taiwan". Taiwan News. 12 January 2020. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3855810.
244. ↑ Kuo, Yu-Ying, ed (2018). Policy Analysis in Taiwan. Policy Press. "The Democratic Progressive Party, founded in 1986, is a progressive and liberal political party in Taiwan."
245. ↑ Nidhi Eoseewong (2018-05-08). "Nidhi Eoseewong: An open letter to Pheu Thai". prachatai. https://prachatai.com/english/node/7737.
246. ↑ "Green Party of England and Wales elects new leaders". European Green Party. https://europeangreens.eu/news/green-party-england-and-wales-elects-new-leaders.
247. ↑ Ball, Molly. "The Battle Within the Democratic Party". https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/12/the-battle-within-the-democratic-party/282235/.
248. ↑ Joseph M. Hoeffel, ed (2014). Fighting for the Progressive Center in the Age of Trump. ABC-CLIO.
249. ↑ Chotiner, Isaac (2 March 2020). "How Socialist Is Bernie Sanders?" (in en-us). The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-socialist-is-bernie-sanders. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
250. ↑ "Progressives contemplate post-Cuomo politics". Spectrum News. 11 August 2021. https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/ny-state-of-politics/2021/08/11/progressives-contemplate-post-cuomo-politics.
251. ↑ Denisha Jones, Jesse Hagopian, ed (2020). Black Lives Matter at School: An Uprising for Educational Justice. Haymarket Books. ISBN 9781642595307. https://books.google.com/books?id=x_8FEAAAQBAJ&dq="progressive+Green+Party"+United+States&pg=PT99. "She later ran as a New York State lieutenant gubernatorial candidate on a progressive Green Party platform"
252. ↑ Daniel K. Lewis, ed (2014). The History of Argentina, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 193. ISBN 9781610698610. https://books.google.com/books?id=lZLgBQAAQBAJ&dq=progressive++FpV+Argentina&pg=PA193. "Progressive decrees, exemplified by the government's legalization of same-sex marriage in July, depicted the FPV as progressive. Behind the scenes, Kirchner promoted 'La Campora," and Peronist youth organization."
253. ↑ "El pinochetista Kast y el progresista Boric definirán la presidencia el 19 de diciembre elecciones en Chile". https://www.ambito.com/mundo/chile/el-pinochetista-kast-y-el-progresista-boric-definiran-la-presidencia-el-19-diciembre-elecciones-n5321694.
254. ↑ Rémond, René (1966). University of Pennsylvania Press. ed. The Right Wing in France: From 1815 to de Gaulle.
255. ↑ David Broughton (1999). Changing Party Systems in Western Europe. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 166–. ISBN 9781855673281. https://books.google.com/books?id=NkDNoNiBEjUC&pg=PA166. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
256. ↑ Kim, Sunhyuk (2007), "Civil society and democratization in Korea", Korean Society (Taylor & Francis): p. 65, ISBN 9780203966648, https://books.google.com/books?id=BQ5uA3KW1ewC&q="Democratic+Labor+Party"+korea+progressive&pg=PA65
257. ↑ Chang, Yun-Shik (2008), "Left and right in South Korean politics", Korea Confronts Globalization (Taylor & Francis): p. 176, ISBN 9780203931141, https://books.google.com/books?id=3-HxKjWqMEMC&q="Democratic+Labor+Party"+korea+progressive&pg=PA176

### Sources

* Dudley, Larkin Sims. "Enduring narratives from progressivism." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 7.3 (2003): 315–340.
* Eisenach, Eldon J., ed. Social and Political Thought of American Progressivism. (Hackett Publishing, 2006).
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* Jackson, Ben. "Equality and the British Left: A study in progressive political thought, 1900-64." in Equality and the British Left (2013)
* Kloppenberg, James T. Uncertain Victory: Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought, 1870–1920. Oxford University Press, US, 1988. ISBN 0195053044.
* Lakoff, George. Don't Think of an Elephant: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2004. ISBN 1931498717.
* Link, Arthur S. and McCormick, Richard L. Progressivism (American History Series). Harlan Davidson, 1983. ISBN 0882958143.
* McGerr, Michael. A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920. 2003.
* Nugent, Walter. Progressivism: A very short introduction (Oxford University Press, 2009).
* Petrow, Stefan. "Progressivism in Australia: the case of John Daniel Fitzgerald, 1900-1922." Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 90.1 (2004): 53–74.

* Schutz, Aaron. Social Class, Social Action, and Education: The Failure of Progressive Democracy. Palgrave, Macmillan, 2010. ISBN 9780230105911.
* Tröhler, Daniel. Progressivism. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Oxford University Press, 2017.

## External links

* Progressivism – entry at the Encyclopædia Britannica

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* Kant
* Kelsen
* Kemal
* Keynes
* Korais
* Korwin-Mikke
* Kymplcka
* Lamartine
* Larra
* Lecky
* Li
* Locke
* Lufti
* Macaulay
* Madariaga
* Madison
* Martineau
* Masani
* Michelet
* Mill (father)
* Mill (son)
* Milton
* Mises
* Molteno
* Mommsen
* Money
* Montalembert
* Montesquieu
* Mora
* Mouffe
* Naoroji
* Naumann
* Nozick
* Nussbaum
* Ohlin
* Ortega
* Paine
* Paton
* Popper
* Price
* Priestley
* Prieto
* Quesnay
* Qin
* Ramírez
* Rathenau
* Rawls
* Raz
* Renan
* Renouvier
* Ricardo
* Röpke
* Rorthy
* Rosmini
* Rosselli
* Rousseau
* Ruggiero
* Sarmiento
* Say
* Sen
* Earl of Shaftesbury
* Shklar
* Sidney
* Sieyès
* Şinasi
* Sismondi
* Smith
* Soto Polar
* Spencer
* Spinoza
* Staël
* Sumner
* Tahtawi
* Tao
* Thierry
* Thorbecke
* Thoreau
* Tocqueville
* Tracy
* Troeltsch
* Turgot
* Villemain
* Voltaire
* Ward
* Weber
* Wollstonecraft
* Zambrano

Regional variants|

* Africa
* Egypt
* Nigeria
* Senegal
* South Africa
* Tunisia
* Zimbabwe
* Asia
* China
* Hong Kong
* India
* Iran
* Israel
* Japan
* South Korea
* Philippines
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Europe
* Albania
* Armenia
* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech lands
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Macedonia
* Moldova
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Latin America and the Caribbean
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Chile
* Colombia
* Cuba
* Ecuador
* Honduras
* Mexico
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Uruguay
* North America
* Canada
* United States
* Classical
* Modern
* Oceania
* Australia
* New Zealand

Organisations|

* Africa Liberal Network
* Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
* Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
* Arab Liberal Federation
* Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
* European Democratic Party
* European Liberal Youth
* European Party for Individual Liberty
* International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
* International Federation of Liberal Youth
* Liberal International
* Liberal Network for Latin America
* Liberal parties
* Liberal South East European Network

See also|

* Bias in academia
* Bias in the media

* Liberalism portal

* v
* t
* e

Green politics

Core topics|

* Green politics
* Green party
* List of topics

Four pillars|

* Ecological wisdom
* Social justice
* Grassroots democracy
* Nonviolence

Perspectives|

* Bright green environmentalism
* Deep ecology
* Ecoauthoritarianism
* Eco-capitalism
* Ecofascism
* Ecofeminism
* Eco-nationalism
* Eco-socialism
* Green anarchism
* Green conservatism
* Green left
* Green liberalism
* Green libertarianism
* Green Zionism
* Social ecology
* Queer ecology

Organizations|

* Asia Pacific Greens Federation
* European Green Party
* Federation of Green Parties of Africa
* Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas
* Federation of Young European Greens
* Global Greens
* Global Young Greens

Related
topics|

* Anti-environmentalism
* Climate change mitigation
* Conservation movement
* Eco-terrorism
* Ecocentrism
* Ecological economics
* Environmentalism
* Environmental issues
* Environmental justice
* Ecological modernization
* Environmental movement
* Green state
* Green theory
* Localism

* v
* t
* e

Political ideologies

* Left-wing politics
* Centrism
* Right-wing politics
* Hardline
* Establishment
* Anti-establishment
* Reactionary
* Revolutionary

* Anarchism
* Social
* Capitalism
* Christian democracy
* Distributism
* Social credit
* Collectivism
* Communalism
* Communism
* Communitarianism
* Conservatism
* Constitutionalism
* Environmentalism
* Extremism
* Fanaticism
* Fascism
* Feminism
* Fundamentalism
* Globalism
* Green politics
* Individualism
* Industrialism
* Intellectualism
* Islam (Islamism)
* Liberalism
* Libertarianism
* Masculism
* Militarism
* Monarchism
* Nationalism
* Nihilism
* Progressivism (Progressive conservatism)
* Radicalism
* Reformism
* Republicanism
* Social democracy
* Socialism
* Utilitarianism

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