Salicaceae

Short description: Family of plants

Salicaceae

Temporal range: Eocene \- recent[1]

PreЄ

Salix alba
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Rosids
Order:  | Malpighiales
Family:  | Salicaceae
Mirb.[2]
Subfamilies

* Salicoideae
* Samydoideae
* Scyphostegioideae

Synonyms

* Bembiciaceae
* Caseariaceae
* Flacourtiaceae
* Homaliaceae
* Poliothyrsidaceae
* Prockiaceae
* Samydaceae
* Scyphostegiaceae

Illustration of a typical salicoid tooth, the yellow area showing the expanding leaf vein and glandular seta.

Populus trichocarpa leaf margin showing a salicoid tooth. The brownish-yellow area in the axil of the tooth is the glandular seta.

The Salicaceae is the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae sensu stricto) included the willows, poplar, aspen, and cottonwoods. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 56 genera and about 1220 species, including the Scyphostegiaceae and many of the former Flacourtiaceae.[3][4][5]

In the Cronquist system, the Salicaceae were assigned to their own order, Salicales, and contained three genera (Salix, Populus, and Chosenia). Recognized to be closely related to the Violaceae and Passifloraceae, the family is placed by the APG in the order Malpighiales.

Under the new circumscription, all members of the family are trees or shrubs that have simple leaves with alternate arrangement and temperate members are usually deciduous. Most members have serrate or dentate leaf margins, and those that have such toothed margins all exhibit salicoid teeth; a salicoid tooth being one in which a vein enters the tooth, expands, and terminates at or near the apex, near which are spherical and glandular protuberances called setae. Members of the family often have flowers which are reduced and inconspicuous, and all have ovaries that are superior or half-inferior with parietal placentation.[6]

## Genera by subfamily and tribe

Salicaceae is divided into three subfamilies, with Salicoideae further divided into six tribes.[7][8][9]

Salicoideae

Abatieae

* Abatia Ruiz & Pavón (formerly including Aphaerema)[10]
* Aphaerema Miers

Bembicieae

* Bembicia Oliver

Homalieae

* Bartholomaea Standley & Steyermark
* Bivinia Tulasne
* Byrsanthus Guillemin
* Calantica Tulasne
* Dissomeria Bentham
* Homalium Jacquin
* Neopringlea S. Watson
* Trimeria Harvey

Prockieae

* Banara Aublet
* Hasseltia Kunth
* Hasseltiopsis Sleumer
* Macrohasseltia L. O. Williams
* Neosprucea Sleumer
* Pineda Ruiz & Pavón
* Pleuranthodendron L. O. Williams
* Prockia L.

Saliceae

* Azara Ruiz & Pavón
* Bennettiodendron Merrill
* Carrierea Franchet
* Dovyalis Arnott
* Flacourtia L'Heritier
* Idesia Maximowicz
* Itoa Hemsley
* Lasiochlamys Pax & K. Hoffmann
* Ludia de Jussieu
* Olmediella Baillon
* Poliothyrsis Oliver
* Populus L.
* Priamosia Urban
* †Pseudosalix Boucher, Manchester, & Judd[11]
* Salix L.
* Tisonia Baillon
* Xylosma G. Forster (formerly including Priamosia)[10]

Scolopieae

* Hemiscolopia van Slooten
* Phyllobotryon Müller
* Pseudoscolopia Gilg
* Scolopia Schreber

Samydoideae

* Casearia Jacquin (including Hecatostemon, Laetia, Samyda, & Zuelania)
* Euceraea Martius
* Irenodendron Alford & Dement[12]
* Lunania Hooker
* Neoptychocarpus Buchheim
* Ophiobotrys Gilg
* Osmelia Thwaites
* Piparea Aublet
* Pseudosmelia Sleumer
* Ryania Vahl
* Tetrathylacium Poeppig & Endlicher
* Trichostephanus Gilg

Scyphostegioideae

* Dianyuea C. Shang et al.[13]
* Scyphostegia Stapf

incertae sedis

* Ahernia Merrill
* Mocquerysia Hua
* Oncoba Forsskahl
* †Saxifragispermum Reid & Chandler[11]
* †Utkholokia (Cheleb.) Iljinskaja & Chelb.[11]

## References

1. ↑ "Malpighiales". https://mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/malpighialesweb.htm.
2. ↑ "Salicaceae Mirb., nom. cons.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-01-17. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?985.
3. ↑ Chase, Mark W.; Sue Zmarzty; M. Dolores Lledó; Kenneth J. Wurdack; Susan M. Swensen; Michael F. Fay (2002). "When in doubt, put it in Flacourtiaceae: a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on plastid rbcL DNA sequences". Kew Bulletin 57 (1): 141–181. doi:10.2307/4110825.
4. ↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa (Magnolia Press) 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598.
5. ↑ Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 (and more or less continuously updated since).
6. ↑ Judd, Walter S. (January 2015). Plant systematics : a phylogenetic approach (Fourth ed.). Sunderland, MA. ISBN 978-1-60535-389-0. OCLC 920680553.
7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `APGWEB`
8. ↑ Lemke, David (1988). "A synopsis of Flacourtiaceae". Aliso 12 (1): 29–43. doi:10.5642/aliso.19881201.05. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1178&context=aliso. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
9. ↑ "Family Salicaceae". Taxonomy. UniProt. https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3688.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Alford, Mac (2006). "Nomenclatural innovations in neotropical Salicaceae". Novon 16 (3): 293–298. doi:10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[293:niins2.0.co;2]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/37307.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Boucher, L. D.; Manchester, S.; Judd, W. (2003). "An extinct genus of Salicaceae based on twigs with attached flowers, fruits, and foliage from the Eocene Green River Formation of Utah and Colorado, USA". American Journal of Botany 90 (9): 1389–99. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.9.1389. PMID 21659238.
12. ↑ Alford, Mac; Dement, Angela (2015). "Irenodendron, a new genus of Samydaceae from South America". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 9 (2): 331–334.
13. ↑ Shang, C; Liao, S.; Guo, Y.-J.; Zhang, Z.-X. (2017). "Dianyuea gen. nov. (Salicaceae: Scyphostegioideae) from southwestern China". Nordic Journal of Botany 35 (4): 499–505. doi:10.1111/njb.01363.

## External links

Wikidata ☰ Q158487 entry

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